scholarly journals Staphylococcal sepsis in a burns unit

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Lilly ◽  
E. J. L. Lowbury ◽  
M. D. Wilkins ◽  
J. S. Cason
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Endemic Strain ◽  
Burns Unit

An outbreak of staphylococcal sepsis in a burns unit occurred between January 1976 and May 1978. Many patients and members of staff had boils, and a number of patients also developed septicaemia. Most of the boils in the early period of the trial and a large proportion of boils in patients during the later period yieldedStaphylococcus aureusresistant to penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin only (PTE), and were shown to be of phage type 95 in the early period while strains were phage typed. From blood cultures, most strains in the early period were of resistance pattern PTE and phage type 95, but in the later period other resistance patterns were predominant. Strains from burns were usually multiresistant (PTEKNML) and of the phage pattern 29/77, which had been endemic in the Unit, but during the early period of the outbreak there was an increased proportion of strains in burns with the resistance pattern PTE and of phage type 95.Staphylococcal sepsis has for many years been very infrequent in the burns unit. This outbreak seems to have been initiated by a strain of phage type 95 and resistance pattern PTE, but during the course of the outbreak the endemic strain of type 29/77 and some other staphylococci seem to have developed enhanced ability to cause clinical infections, conceivably by transduction from the epidemic strain of phage type 95.

The Causative Organisms of Bacterial Meningitis and their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Iranian Children in 2011-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Sepideh Keshavarz Valian ◽  
Shima Mahmoudi ◽  
Babak Pourakbari ◽  
Maryam Banar ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
Surgery Department

Objective: The study aimed to describe the identity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causative agents of bacterial meningitis in children referred to Children’s Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Methods: This retrospective study was performed at CMC Hospital during a six-year period from 2011 to 2016. The microbiological information of the patients with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was collected and the following data were obtained: patients’ age, sex, hospital ward, the results of CSF and blood cultures, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of isolated organisms. Results: A total of 118 patients with bacterial meningitis were admitted to CMC hospital. Sixty-two percent (n=73) of the patients were male. The median age of the patients was ten months (interquartile range [IQR]: 2 months-2 years) and the majority of them (n=92, 80%) were younger than two years of age. The highest number of patients (n=47, 40%) were admitted to the surgery department. Streptococcus epidermidis was the most frequent isolated bacterium (n=27/127, 21%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=20/127, 16%), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=16/127, 12.5%). Blood culture was positive in 28% (n=33/118) of patients. Ampicillin-sulbactam and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria isolated from CSF cultures. In the case of Gram-positive organisms, ampicillinsulbactam, vancomycin, and linezolid were the best choices. Imipenem was the most active drug against Gram-negative blood pathogens. Also, ampicillin and vancomycin had the best effect on Gram-positive bacteria isolated from blood cultures. Conclusion: Results of this study provide valuable information about the antibiotic resistance profiles of the etiologic agents of childhood meningitis, which can be used for prescription of more effective empirical therapies.

Neonatal Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: Massive Outbreak Due to an Unusual Phage Type

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
John P. Curran ◽  
Farouk L. Al-Salihi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Exfoliative Dermatitis ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cultural Data

A massive outbreak of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome due to an organism with an unusual phage pattern, occurred during a 115-day period and involved 68 newborns. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis was seen in 24 babies, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 23. Fourteen isolates were phage typed, with 13 reported as the epidemic strain 29/79/80/3A/3C/54/75. Eight babies had generalized scarlatiniform eruption without exfoliation (staphylococcal scarlet fever). Cultural data were available from six, all positive for S aureus. Four organisms were typed and reported as the epidemic strain. Of 34 infants with bullous impetigo 20 had cultures that were positive for S aureus, and four were phage typed, revealing the epidemic strain. Illness was mild in all patients; there were no deaths and no invasive forms of staphylococcal infection. The male to female ratio of generalized exfoliative disease was 5:1. The concept of a neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, comprised of a triad of skin disorders induced by an exotoxin elaborated by certain strains of coagulase positive S aureus, is confirmed.

Epidemic Bullous Impetigo in a Nursery Due to a Nasal Carrier of Staphylococcus aureus: Role of Epidemiology and Control Measures

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyn K. Nakashima ◽  
James R. Allen ◽  
William J. Martone ◽  
Brian D. Plikaytis ◽  
Beth Storer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
And Control

AbstractFrom September 14, 1981 to February 28, 1982, an epidemic of bullous impetigo caused by a penicillin/tetracycline resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 3A/3C, occurred in a newborn nursery in Louisville, Kentucky. Twenty of 1,181 (1.7%) infants at risk developed disease during the six-month epidemic period. Clinically all case-infants had bullous impetigo skin lesions. One infant developed staphylococcal septicemia. No infant died. An epidemiologic investigation identified a nurse as having significantly greater contact with case-infants than control-infants (p=0.0013). She was also found to be a nasal carrier of the epidemic strain. Infection control measures appeared to decrease infant-to-infant transmission via the hands of non-colonized nurses, but did not affect transmission from the nurse carrying the epidemic strain to infants. No cases of bullous impetigo have occurred since this nurse was temporarily removed from the nursery for treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of methicillin resistance and superantigenic toxins in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Effat Abbasi Montazeri ◽  
Azar Dokht Khosravi ◽  
Saeedeh Khazaei ◽  
Ali Sabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Southwest Iran ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antibiotic resistance patterns, superantigenic toxins profile, and clonality of this pathogen in patients with cancer. Results In total, 79 (25.7%) isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus species, from which 38 (48.1%) isolates were S. aureus, and 29 (76.3%) isolates were confirmed as MRSA. The highest resistance in MRSA strains was seen against ciprofloxacin (86.2%) and erythromycin (82.8%). Teicoplanin, and linezolid were the most effective antibiotics. From all MRSA isolates, 3 strains (10.3%) were resistant to vancomycin with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 128 μg/ml. The prevalence of superantigenic toxins genes was as follows: pvl (10.5%), tsst-1 (36.8%), etA (23.7%), and etB (23.7%). The t14870 spa type with frequency of 39.5% was the most prevalent clone type circulating in the cancer patients. Conclusions This study showed the circulating of spa t14870 as the most predominant MRSA clone in cancer patients of southwest Iran. Also, a diverse antibiotic resistance pattern and toxin profiles were seen among MRSA isolates.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Pediatrics With Ocular Infections: A 6-Year Hospital-Based Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yu Zheng ◽  
Bonnie Nga Kwan Choy ◽  
Ming-Ming Zhou ◽  
Zheng-Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen of ocular infections in pediatrics. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and resistance pattern of S. aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in Chinese children with ocular infections. All patients with S. aureus infections were reviewed at a tertiary children's hospital during 2015–2020, and those with ocular infections were investigated for susceptibility results. Of 1,668 S. aureus strains, there were 177 unique isolates from ocular infection. Among them, 45 (25.4%) were MRSA and 132 (74.6%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The proportion of MRSA did not change over time. Most of the strains were obtained from the neonate ward and ophthalmology department (n = 88, 49.7%, and n = 85, 48.0%, respectively), while eye secretion and pus were the main specimen types (n = 128, 72.3%, and n = 37, 20.9%, respectively). MRSA was significantly resistant against penicillin class (97.8%), erythromycin (71.1%), clindamycin (71.1%), and tetracycline (32.1%), with a high multidrug resistance (MDR) rate of 71.1%. However, MRSA was highly sensitive to levofloxacin. Resistance rates against erythromycin and ciprofloxacin as well as MDR percentage all increased among MSSA in children above 1 year of age, ophthalmology department, and outpatient population and decreased in eye secretion specimen. The mean resistance percentage remained stable for MRSA and MSSA during the study period. The survey of ocular S. aureus pathogens in pediatrics and their antibiotic resistance patterns helps in clinical treatment. MRSA with many strains demonstrating MDR is highly prevalent in children with ocular infections in Southeast China. Levofloxacin is an effective topical antibiotic for ocular MRSA infection, while erythromycin has a high resistance rate. The antibiotic resistance patterns of MRSA and MSSA differs and varies by different stratifications. A cautious use of antibiotics should be considered.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus infections in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar K. ◽  
Ajith Brabhu Kumar C.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic in India and is a dangerous pathogen for hospital acquired infections. Analysing antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus helps us to overcome the therapeutic difficulties created by the rising anti-microbial resistant bacteria and guide us in choosing appropriate antibiotics. Hence, this study was conducted.Methods: Children with confirmed S. aureus infection between the age group of 0-12 years were classified into MSSA and MRSA subgroups. Isolates were identified as S. aureus using standard microbiological methodologies at diagnostic bacteriology laboratory, in the Microbiology department. Basic demographic variables and antibiotic resistance patterns were compared between MRSA and MSSA subgroups.Results: Majority of S. aureus were isolated from pus followed by blood culture. Prevalence of community acquired MRSA in present study (80%, with 95% CI from 68.56% to 91.44%) was significantly higher when compared to another studies (p value=0.004). Resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin among the MRSA isolates was more than that in methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (P<0.001).Conclusions: It is prudent to include MRSA coverage in empirical antibiotic regimens in settings where a significant proportion of patients hospitalized for S. aureus infection have MRSA.

Outbreak of Staphylococcal Infection in Two Hospital Nurseries Traced to a Single Nasal Carrier

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Belani ◽  
Robert J. Sherertz ◽  
Marsha L. Sullivan ◽  
Beverly A. Russell ◽  
Peter D. Reumen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractIn late January and early February 1983, an outbreak of skin infections (7 of 145 infants) caused by a penicillin/erythromycin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), phage type 3A/3C, occurred in our newborn nursery. A week following the first cluster of infections, another nursery outbreak due to SA with the same antibiogram occurred in a nearby community hospital (11 of 114 infants). Subsequently, a second cluster of infections with the same SA was identified at our nursery. The epidemic strain was carried in the anterior nares of a single nurse who worked at both hospital nurseries on alternate weeks. Investigation revealed that the nurse had an upper respiratory tract infection during each of these outbreaks—simulating “a cloud baby.” No further infections have occurred since this nurse was treated and her SA nasal carrier state eliminated.

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Staff of a Referral Hospital, Zabol, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Mina Mir ◽  
Jalileh Kordi ◽  
Zahra Rashki Ghalehnoo ◽  
Omid Tadjrobehkar ◽  
Hamid Vaez
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is known as the causative agent of various infections in humans, and the nasal cavity is the main anatomical site for storing and spreading this pathogen in health care workers (HCWs) in hospital settings. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are resistant to many antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of S. aureus strains isolated from the nasal carriage of HCWs in a referral hospital in Zabol. Methods: A total of 277 HCWs of Amir-Al-Momenin hospital of Zabol participated voluntarily in this study from March to September 2017. Demographic information was collected using questionnaire. Bacterial isolates were collected from anterior nasal canal using cotton swabs. MRSA isolates were detected by Oxacillin Screen agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance was assessed by the disk-diffusion method.Results: In total, 10.8% of HCWs were carriers of S. aureus and 46.7% of the isolates were found to be MRSA. Laboratory staffs were the most frequently colonized HCWs. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and gentamicin. The highest resistance rate (64.3%) of MRSA isolates was observed against erythromycin.Conclusion: Our findings showed that gentamycin and rifampin might be useful to eradicate S.aureus. Regular screening of HCWs and assessment of antibiotic resistance profile are essential to prevent MRSA dissemination in hospitals.

scholarly journals Impact of SARS-COV-2 on the diagnosis of community bacteremia in a tertiary hospital

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saray Mormeneo Bayo ◽  
Miguel Moreno Hijazo ◽  
María Pilar Palacián Ruíz, ◽  
María Cruz Villuendas Usón
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Objective. We carry out an analysis of the bacteremia diagnosed in the Emergency Department during 2020, coinciding with the period of the pandemic. Method. We performed a retrospective analysis from March 4, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Results. The number of patients who went to the Emergency Department during the study period and the number of extracted blood cultures decreased by 46.79% and 35.7% compared to the same period in 2019 (p <0.05). 320 bacteremia occurred while 507 occurred in 2019, assuming a decrease of 36.8% (p <0.05). The positivity rate of blood cultures was 7.09% in 2020 and 7.23% in 2019 and the contamination rate was 7.07 % in 2020 and 5.67% in 2019. The most frequently isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A 6.62% of the isolated E. coli were carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). The percentage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 12.9 % and that of K. pneumoniae ESBL was 11.54%. Conclusion. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there has been a decrease in the number of bacteremia diagnoses, it is possible that attention was focused especially on COVID, forgetting other diseases, such as bacteremia.

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