scholarly journals Staphylococcal infection in subdivided general surgical wards

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Edmunds
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Open Wards

SUMMARYThe spread of Staphylococcus aureus was studied in three general surgical wards of identical design which consisted of a number of separate rooms, and the results were compared with those in the same unit previously studied, in subdivided wards elsewhere and in large open wards.The nasal carrier rate of Staph. aureus by patients rose during their stay in the ward, but its peak rate was comparable with minimum rates reported in other subdivided wards and was lower than in open wards.Staphylococcal sepsis rates were lower than in most open wards and were also much lower than those found previously in the same unit when overcrowding was common and each sex had its own ward.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal infection in thoracic surgery: experience in a subdivided ward

1966 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Lidwell ◽  
Sheila Polakoff ◽  
M. Patricia Jevons ◽  
M. T. Parker ◽  
R. A. Shooter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Open Ward ◽  
Effective Segregation

We studied the incidence of staphylococcal infection in a thoracic surgery ward which consisted of a number of separate rooms, and inquired whether the subdivision of the ward was responsible for the unusually low sepsis-rate.The airborne dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus from one room to another appeared to be little less than that in an open ward; but the total number of Staph. aureus in the air was very low.Most of the patients received prophylactic antibiotics. The nasal carrier-rate of Staph. aureus by patients fell greatly during their stay in the ward. There was a progressive disappearance of sensitive organisms and little acquisition of multiple-resistant organisms.When there are urgent clinical grounds for the lavish use of antibiotics, the dangers appear to be reduced by effective segregation of the patients from each other.

scholarly journals Carriage ofStaphylococcus aureusamong 104 healthy persons during a 19-month period

1995 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H.Riewerts Eriksen ◽  
F. Espersen ◽  
V.Thamdrup Rosdahl ◽  
K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Healthy Persons

SummaryThe present study was undertaken to investigate the frequency of the nasal carrier rate ofStaphylococcus aureus. The investigation was performed on 104 healthy persons. The total number of swabs performed was 1498 and this resulted in isolation of 522S. aureusstrains. All strains have been identified, tested for antibiotic susceptibility, and phage-typed. The carrier-index (number of positive swabs/number of total swabs for each individual person) was compared with different sampling and culturing methods, phage type, age, and resistance to antibiotics. There was statistical difference in carrier rate according to sex (P·05). Among the 104 persons 15 (14·4%) were persistent carriers, 17 (16·3%) intermittent carriers, 55 (52·9%) occasional carriers and 17 (16·3%) non-carriers. Among intermittent and occasional carriers the phage-type distribution was different from theS. aureusstrains isolated from Danish hospitalized patients in 1992, while the persistent carriers had similar phage-type distribution.

Staphylococci in a Mental Hospital

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (465) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
S. S. Reza
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
Institutionalized Patients

The present study on the acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus by patients during their stay in a mental hospital, and the nasal carrier rate in the institutionalized patients, was prompted by the fact that in 1959 and 1960 193 out of a total of 407 deaths in Napsbury Hospital were due to lung infection, and that a bacteriological study of 45 unselected cases at necropsy in 1960 had suggested that the fatal lung infections were predominantly staphylococcal (Table I). The incidence of staphylococcal skin lesions, however, remained low, and only 147 cases of this kind were reported during 1959 and 1960 (4 per cent. per annum of the population) (Table II).

Outbreak of Staphylococcal Infection in Two Hospital Nurseries Traced to a Single Nasal Carrier

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Belani ◽  
Robert J. Sherertz ◽  
Marsha L. Sullivan ◽  
Beverly A. Russell ◽  
Peter D. Reumen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractIn late January and early February 1983, an outbreak of skin infections (7 of 145 infants) caused by a penicillin/erythromycin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), phage type 3A/3C, occurred in our newborn nursery. A week following the first cluster of infections, another nursery outbreak due to SA with the same antibiogram occurred in a nearby community hospital (11 of 114 infants). Subsequently, a second cluster of infections with the same SA was identified at our nursery. The epidemic strain was carried in the anterior nares of a single nurse who worked at both hospital nurseries on alternate weeks. Investigation revealed that the nurse had an upper respiratory tract infection during each of these outbreaks—simulating “a cloud baby.” No further infections have occurred since this nurse was treated and her SA nasal carrier state eliminated.

scholarly journals Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in random samples of a normal population

1967 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Noble ◽  
H. A. Valkenburg ◽  
Caroline H. L. Wolters
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
European Population ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
The Mean

Nose, throat and finger carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in a series of random samples from a normal European population.No evidence for a seasonal trend in carriage was found but the intersample variation between successive random samples was obtained. The mean nasal carrier rate was 29 % with a standard deviation of 7 %.No association was found between nasal or throat carriage of staphylococci and stay in hospital or antibiotic therapy but respondents with penicillin-resistant staphylococci in the nose had skin infections more frequently than those with penicillin-sensitive strains.Evidence was obtained for a family, perhaps genetic, ‘predisposition’ to carry staphylococci in the nose.

Assessment of the Multifactorial Effect on Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Clinical Isolates from Assir Region, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M Abdalla ◽  
Waleed O Haimour ◽  
Amani A Osman ◽  
Hassan Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

General objectives: This study aimed at assessment of factors affecting antimicrobial sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Assir region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: In this study, eighty one patients presented with Staph. aureus infections either nosocomial or community acquired infections were involved by collecting nasal swabs from them at Aseer Central Hospital General Lab. These patients were from all age groups and from males and females during the period of Jan 2011- Jun 2011. These samples were undergone variable laboratory procedures mainly; bactech, culture media, antibiotics sensitivity test using diffusion disc test (MIC) and molecular (PCR) for detection of mec A gene. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded in special formats and analyzed by statistical computer program (SPSS). Results: Showed that; Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis were performed and final results were plotted in tables. In Staph aureus MecA gene positive cases (50) showed: Oxacillin/ Mithicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Fusidin resistant in diabetic patients were 13, 26.0%, 9, 18% and 7, 14% respectively and in non diabetic patients were 37, 74.0%, 22, 44% and 20, 40% respectively. While no sensitivity in diabetic and non diabetic patients using Oxacillin/ Mithicillin. In Staph aureus MecA gene negative cases (31) showed: Oxacillin/ Mithicillin, sensitivity in diabetic patients (5, 16.1%) and in non diabetic were (26, 83.9%). While no resistant in diabetic and non diabetic patients. In Ciprofloxacin and Fusidin resistant in diabetic patients were 1, 3.2% and 1, 3.2% respectively and in non diabetic patients were 12, 38.7% and 7, 22.6%respectively. Erythromycin in Staph aureus ( MecA gene) positive cases (50) showed: resistant in age (0-15) years were (5, 10%), (16-50) years were (16, 32%) and ( ›50 years) were (12, 24%). Erythromycin in Staph aureus (MecA gene) negative cases (31) showed: resistant in age (0-15) years were (6, 19.3%), (16-50) years were (5, 16.1%) and ( ›50 years) were (3, 9.7%). Conclusion: Drugs resistance is a major progressive multifactorial problem facing the treatment of Staph aureus infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12750 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 152-159

scholarly journals Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among large commercial pig herds in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shani Van Lochem ◽  
Peter N. Thompson ◽  
Cornelius H. Annandale
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
South African ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Pooled Samples

The prevalence of nasal carrier status of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs has been described elsewhere, but is unknown in South Africa. To address concerns that exist regarding the zoonotic risk that carriers pose to workers, the herd-level prevalence of MRSA was determined among 25 large (> 500 sows) commercial pig herds in South Africa, representing 45% of the large commercial herds in the country. From each herd, the nasal contents of 18 finisher pigs were sampled at the abattoir, pooled into three and selectively cultured to determine the presence of MRSA. A herd was classified as MRSA-positive if one or more of the three pooled samples cultured positive. Three of the 25 herds tested positive for MRSA, equating to a 12% herd prevalence (95% CI: 7% – 23%) among South African commercial piggeries. The prevalence of nasal MRSA carriers among large commercial pig herds in South Africa was low compared to what has been reported elsewhere and suggests a relatively low zoonotic MRSA risk to workers in South African commercial piggeries and abattoirs.

PHAGE GROUPS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Fred E. Pittman ◽  
Calderon Howe ◽  
Louise Goode ◽  
Paul A. di Sant'Agnese
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii

In this study, 198 strains of hemolytic, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus were recovered from 84 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and some of their relatives. The majority of the organisms fell into phage group III and were resistant in vitro to penicillin and other antibiotics. No single phage type seemed to be unduly prevalent in this group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

Prevention of Panton-Valentine Toxin-Mediated Leucocyte Destruction Depending on the Ultra-Diluted Staphylococcinum Potency Gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 099-103
Author(s):  
Pritam Goswami ◽  
Sayak Ghosh ◽  
Sk Swaif Ali ◽  
Anamika Basu ◽  
Joydeep Khanra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Panton-Valentine toxin (PVT) is an important pathological marker of staphylococcal infection mediated by functional as well as morphological damage of the phagocytic cells. Human body being an ecological niche for the bacteria shows higher affinity toward staphylococcal infection. A steady escalation in mortality and morbidity associated with antibiotic resistance in gram-positive infections is an emerging threat all over the globe; thus, it is important to find out an alternative strategy that can diminish the virulence and pathogenicity of the bacteria. Staphylococcin is a colicin-type chemical secreted by Staphylococcus aureus helps to prevent growth of organisms other than its progenitor. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of homoeopathic medicine Staphylococcinum against staphylococcal PVT at different potencies (6CH, 12CH, 30CH and 200CH). Materials and Methods Different potencies of Staphylococcinum were administered in a leucocyte buffy coat preparation infected with staphylococcal suspension (0.5 McFarland's standard) along with control with alcohol. They were kept in incubator for 2 hours and then centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes. Smears prepared on slides with centrifuged deposits stained by Preston and Morrell's modified Gram's method of staining and evaluated under the microscope. Results It was observed that there was extensive destruction of leukocytes in control and 6CH potency, while the degree of destruction decreased markedly from 12CH to 200CH. At 200CH potency, leukocytes were almost normal, which clearly indicate the preventive action of Staphylococcinum against PVT. The mean percentages of intact leucocytes were 0.73, 0.93, 10.00, 27.67 and 65.00 in control, 6CH, 12CH, 30CH and 200CH potencies, respectively. Conclusion The finding may help in the use of this medicine in moribund patients in cases of disseminated S. aureus infection as there is no known side effect of the medicine. However, in vivo study is necessary before such use in those cases.

scholarly journals To determine the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in pus samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-294
Author(s):  
Vasundhara Sharma ◽  
Versha Rajput ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Sudhir Singh ◽  
Shweta R Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Patient’S Outcome

Staphylococcus aureus is a common health problem occuring as an important nosocomial pathogen, causing urinary tract infection, surgical site, blood stream and soft tissue infection. The aim of this research was conducted to determine MRSA and VRSA from the pus samples of admitted patients.The aim and objective of study was to isolate the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in pus samples and their AST. A total of 158 positive culture Staph aureus were taken from pus samples for the study during December 2019 - October 2020. Samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar then incubated at 37C for 24 hours. The modified Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method was used to test antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococcus isolates. In total of 158 positive culture of Staphylococcus aureus, 66 (41.7%) were found to be MRSA and 4 (2.5%) were found to be VRSA. Out of 158 Staph aureus, 146 (92.4%) were resistant to Penicillin, followed by Amoxycillin 140 (88.6%), Ampicillin 139 (87.9%), Erythromycin 91 (57.5%), Cefoxitin 66 (41.7%), Gentamycin 56 (35.4%), Amikacin 52 (32.9%) and Teicoplanin 37 (23.4%).: An antibiotic policy and screening of susceptibility patterns of MRSA may help in reducing the prevalence rate of MRSA and antibiotic resistance. To stop its spread to the population, it is very important to eliminate MRSA colonization in patients and health care workers. Accurate treatment helps to reduce the rate of morbidity and improvement of patient’s outcome.

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