PHAGE GROUPS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Fred E. Pittman ◽  
Calderon Howe ◽  
Louise Goode ◽  
Paul A. di Sant'Agnese
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii

In this study, 198 strains of hemolytic, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus were recovered from 84 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and some of their relatives. The majority of the organisms fell into phage group III and were resistant in vitro to penicillin and other antibiotics. No single phage type seemed to be unduly prevalent in this group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

scholarly journals The egg yolk reaction ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from burns

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. L. Lowbury ◽  
B. J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Staph. aureusfrom burns of in-patients were tested for egg yolk reaction during three periods; in 1958 and in 1960 approximately 80 % of the strains gave a negative reaction (EY-), but in 1962 only 36 % of the strains were egg yolk negative.Staphylococci of phage group III were more commonly EY- than those of other groups isolated from burns. Within each of groups I and III, however, there were patterns predominantly EY- and others predominantly egg yolk positive (EY+); in group I the majority of strains isolated in 1960 were of phage type 52 and EY-, while those isolated in 1962 were predominantly of phage type 80 or related patterns which were always EY+.Most of the staphylococci in burns were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin; within groups I and III, the staphylococci which were EY- were also more commonly resistant than EY+ strains to these three antibiotics.Most of the staphylococci from burns were mercuric chloride resistant (presumptive epidemic strains); of the mercuric chloride sensitive staphylococci, the proportion of EY+ strains was greater than that of EY- strains.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among hospitalized patients

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Žaneta Pavilonytė ◽  
Renata Kaukėnienė ◽  
Aleksandras Antuševas ◽  
Alvydas Pavilonis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among hospitalized patients at the beginning of their hospitalization and during their treatment and the resistance of strains to antibiotics, and to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics of these strains. Patients and methods. Sixty-one patients treated at the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery were examined. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains was performed using plasmacoagulase and DNase tests. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, b-lactamase production, phagotypes, and phagogroups were determined. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for resistance to methicillin by performing disc diffusion method using commercial discs (Oxoid) (methicillin 5 mg per disk and oxacillin 1 mg per disk). Results. A total of 297 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated. On the first day of hospitalization, the prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains among patients was 67.3%, and it statistically significantly increased to 91.8% on days 7–10 of hospitalization (P<0.05). During hospitalization, patients were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to cephalothin (17.6% of patients, P<0.05), cefazolin (14.6%, P<0.05), tetracycline (15.0%, P<0.05), gentamicin (37.7%, P<0.001), doxycycline (30.7%, P<0.001), and tobramycin (10.6%, P>0.05). Three patients (4.9%) were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, belonging to phage group II phage type 3A and phage group III phage types 83A and 77; 22.6– 25.5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were nontypable. During hospitalization, the prevalence rate of phage group II Staphylococcus aureus strains decreased from 39.6% to 5.7% (P<0.05) and the prevalence rate of phage group III Staphylococcus aureus strains increased to 29.5% (P<0.001). Conclusions. Although our understanding of Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, well-designed communitybased studies with adequate risk factor analysis are required to elucidate further the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus provides relevant information on the extent of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic, identifies priorities for infection control and the need for adjustments in antimicrobial drug policy, and guides intervention programs.

scholarly journals Studies on transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in an isolation ward for burned patients

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hambraeus
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Burned Patient ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
One Year ◽  
Isolation Ward ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYA one-year epidemiological investigation was made in an isolation ward for burned patients. The transmission of Staphylococcus aureus was mainly studied. In spite of the design of the ward the cross-infection rate was high. In all, 49 of 69 patients were infected 114 times. Twenty-six of the strains causing infection were found in a patient only, 10 in a member of the staff only and 23 in both patients and staff the week before they caused a new infection. There were three epidemic outbreaks caused by three strains of Staph. aureus all belonging to phage group III; one was resistant to methicillin. Environmental studies with settle plates showed that the number of staphylococci dispersed by a burned patient was often very high. In 8% of the observations in occupied bedrooms the air count of Staph. aureus was more than 1800 col./m.2 hr. However, the counts of Staph. aureus in the corridor and service areas were low. This seems to indicate a rather good protection against airborne transfer of bacteria. Other routes of infection were probably of greater importance.

scholarly journals Epidemiology ofStaphylococcus aureusin patients with cystic fibrosis

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Branger ◽  
J. M. Fournier ◽  
J. Loulergue ◽  
A. Bouvet ◽  
Ph. Goullet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARYSeven hundred and thirty-four isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus, recovered from the sputum of 238 cystic fibrosis patients in six French hospitals, were characterized by esterase electrophoretic typing, capsular polysaccharide serotyping and phage typing and tested against 14 antibiotics for sensitivity. Thirty-four esterase electrophoretic types were found with a genotypic diversity coefficient of 0·91. Five hundred and forty-eight (78·7%) isolates produced capsular polysaccharide and 350 (50·3%) were type 8. Four hundred and sixty isolates (66·6%) were phage typable and 202 (28·2%) were lysed by group III bacteriophages. No esterase electrophoretic type, capsular type or phage type was specific to cystic fibrosis. Isolates belonged to a wide range of types, similar to strains acquired outside hospitals. Eighty-five patients had three or more consecutive isolates over at least 6 months. The ability ofS. aureusto persist for long periods of time has been demonstrated in 73% of them. Methicillin-resistance was encountered among 73 strains (9·8%) which were also multiresistant. Two hundred and eighty-nine (39·9%) strains were sensitive to all antibiotics tested except to penicillin. Pristinamycin and co-trimoxazole were the most effective antibiotics. These results could contribute to the elaboration of a rational approach to the prophylaxis and therapy of respiratory staphylococcal infections in cystic fibrosis patients.

scholarly journals Ribotyping ofStaphylococcus aureus: an assessment using well–defined strains

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Richardson ◽  
P. Aparicio ◽  
R. R. Marples ◽  
B. D. Cookson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Ofstaphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Epidemiological Typing ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group Iii

SummaryRibotyping, with homologous or heterologous (Escherichia coli) r–RNA, of the propagating strains for phages of the international set for strains ofStaphylococcus aureusof human origin was undertaken to determine the discrimination of this typing method. Ribotyping could distinguish between strains of different phage groups, but could not distinguish between seven phage group III strains of different phage type. Ribotyping may be a useful adjunct to phage typing inS. aureusbut is unlikely to replace it as the primary method of epidemiological typing.

scholarly journals Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Impairs the Ability of Neutrophils to Kill Staphylococcus aureus

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Kayla Fantone ◽  
Samantha L. Tucker ◽  
Arthur Miller ◽  
Ruchi Yadav ◽  
Eryn E. Bernardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Sputum ◽  
Microbial Infections

Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by chronic microbial infections and infiltration of inflammatory polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocytes. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major lung pathogen in CF that persists despite the presence of PMNs and has been associated with CF lung function decline. While PMNs represent the main mechanism of the immune system to kill S. aureus, it remains largely unknown why PMNs fail to eliminate S. aureus in CF. The goal of this study was to observe how the CF airway environment affects S. aureus killing by PMNs. PMNs were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers and CF patients. Clinical isolates of S. aureus were obtained from the airways of CF patients. The results show that PMNs from healthy volunteers were able to kill all CF isolates and laboratory strains of S. aureus tested in vitro. The extent of killing varied among strains. When PMNs were pretreated with supernatants of CF sputum, S. aureus killing was significantly inhibited suggesting that the CF airway environment compromises PMN antibacterial functions. CF blood PMNs were capable of killing S. aureus. Although bacterial killing was inhibited with CF sputum, PMN binding and phagocytosis of S. aureus was not diminished. The S. aureus-induced respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular trap release from PMNs also remained uninhibited by CF sputum. In summary, our data demonstrate that the CF airway environment limits killing of S. aureus by PMNs and provides a new in vitro experimental model to study this phenomenon and its mechanism.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-derived CHAP domain protein, P128, kills Staphylococcus cells by cleaving interpeptide cross-bridge of peptidoglycan

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 2157-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarson Sundarrajan ◽  
Junjappa Raghupatil ◽  
Aradhana Vipra ◽  
Nagalakshmi Narasimhaswamy ◽  
Sanjeev Saravanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Cross Bridge ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

P128 is an anti-staphylococcal protein consisting of the Staphylococcus aureus phage-K-derived tail-associated muralytic enzyme (TAME) catalytic domain (Lys16) fused with the cell-wall-binding SH3b domain of lysostaphin. In order to understand the mechanism of action and emergence of resistance to P128, we isolated mutants of Staphylococcus spp., including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resistant to P128. In addition to P128, the mutants also showed resistance to Lys16, the catalytic domain of P128. The mutants showed loss of fitness as shown by reduced rate of growth in vitro. One of the mutants tested was found to show reduced virulence in animal models of S. aureus septicaemia suggesting loss of fitness in vivo as well. Analysis of the antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that the mutants derived from MRSA strains had become sensitive to meticillin and other β-lactams. Interestingly, the mutant cells were resistant to the lytic action of phage K, although the phage was able to adsorb to these cells. Sequencing of the femA gene of three P128-resistant mutants showed either a truncation or deletion in femA, suggesting that improper cross-bridge formation in S. aureus could be causing resistance to P128. Using glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion peptides as substrates it was found that both P128 and Lys16 were capable of cleaving a pentaglycine sequence, suggesting that P128 might be killing S. aureus by cleaving the pentaglycine cross-bridge of peptidoglycan. Moreover, peptides corresponding to the reported cross-bridge of Staphylococcus haemolyticus (GGSGG, AGSGG), which were not cleaved by lysostaphin, were cleaved efficiently by P128. This was also reflected in high sensitivity of S. haemolyticus to P128. This showed that in spite of sharing a common mechanism of action with lysostaphin, P128 has unique properties, which allow it to act on certain lysostaphin-resistant Staphylococcus strains.

scholarly journals Most of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-infecting isolates coexist, a condition that may impact clinical outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Briaud ◽  
Sylvère Bastien ◽  
Laura Camus ◽  
Marie Boyadjian ◽  
Philippe Reix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
History Of

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus (SA) is the major colonizer of the lung of cystic fibrosis (CF) patient during childhood and adolescence. As patient aged, the prevalence of SA decreases and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) becomes the major pathogen infecting adult lungs. Nonetheless, SA remains significant and patients harbouring both SA and PA are frequently found in worldwide cohort. Impact of coinfection remains controversial. Furthermore, co-infecting isolates may compete or coexist. The aim of this study was to analyse if co-infection and coexistence of SA and PA could lead to worse clinical outcomes. The clinical and bacteriological data of 212 Lyon CF patients were collected retrospectively, and patients were ranked into three groups, SA only (n=112), PA only (n=48) or SA plus PA (n=52). In addition, SA and PA isolates from co-infecting patients were tested in vitro to define their interaction profile. Sixty five percent (n=34) of SA/PA pairs coexist. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, we confirm that SA patients have a clinical condition less severe than others, and PA induce a poor outcome independently of the presence of SA. FEV1 is lower in patients infected by competition strain pairs than in those infected by coexisting strain pairs compared to SA mono-infection. Coexistence between SA and PA may be an important step in the natural history of lung bacterial colonization within CF patients.

scholarly journals To determine the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in pus samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-294
Author(s):  
Vasundhara Sharma ◽  
Versha Rajput ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Sudhir Singh ◽  
Shweta R Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Patient’S Outcome

Staphylococcus aureus is a common health problem occuring as an important nosocomial pathogen, causing urinary tract infection, surgical site, blood stream and soft tissue infection. The aim of this research was conducted to determine MRSA and VRSA from the pus samples of admitted patients.The aim and objective of study was to isolate the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in pus samples and their AST. A total of 158 positive culture Staph aureus were taken from pus samples for the study during December 2019 - October 2020. Samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar then incubated at 37C for 24 hours. The modified Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method was used to test antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococcus isolates. In total of 158 positive culture of Staphylococcus aureus, 66 (41.7%) were found to be MRSA and 4 (2.5%) were found to be VRSA. Out of 158 Staph aureus, 146 (92.4%) were resistant to Penicillin, followed by Amoxycillin 140 (88.6%), Ampicillin 139 (87.9%), Erythromycin 91 (57.5%), Cefoxitin 66 (41.7%), Gentamycin 56 (35.4%), Amikacin 52 (32.9%) and Teicoplanin 37 (23.4%).: An antibiotic policy and screening of susceptibility patterns of MRSA may help in reducing the prevalence rate of MRSA and antibiotic resistance. To stop its spread to the population, it is very important to eliminate MRSA colonization in patients and health care workers. Accurate treatment helps to reduce the rate of morbidity and improvement of patient’s outcome.

scholarly journals Activity of Telavancin against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates, Including Those with Decreased Susceptibility to Ceftaroline, from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Roch ◽  
Maria Celeste Varela ◽  
Agustina Taglialegna ◽  
Warren E. Rose ◽  
Adriana E. Rosato
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complicated Skin ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients confers a clinical outcome worse than that in non-CF patients with an increased rate of declined lung function. Telavancin, an approved lipoglycopeptide used to treat infections due to S. aureus, has a dual mode of action causing inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis and membrane depolarization. MRSA infections in CF patients remain an important problem with no foreseeable decline in prevalence rates. Although telavancin is currently in clinical use for the treatment of complicated skin infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia, the activity against S. aureus infections in CF patients has not been investigated. In this work, we studied the activity of telavancin against CF patient-derived S. aureus strains collected from geographically diverse CF centers in the United States. We found that the telavancin MIC90 was 0.06 μg/ml, 8-fold lower than the ceftaroline or daptomycin MIC90 and 25-fold lower than the linezolid and vancomycin MIC90. We demonstrate that telavancin at serum free concentrations has rapid bactericidal activity, with a decrease of more than 3 log10 CFU/ml being achieved during the first 4 to 6 h of treatment, performing better in this assay than vancomycin and ceftaroline, including against S. aureus strains resistant to ceftaroline. Telavancin resistance was infrequent (0.3%), although we found that it can occur in vitro in both CF- and non-CF patient-derived S. aureus strains by progressive passages with subinhibitory concentrations. Genetic analysis of telavancin-resistant in vitro mutants showed gene polymorphisms in cell wall and virulence genes and increased survival in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Thus, we conclude that telavancin represents a promising therapeutic option for infections in CF patients with potent in vitro activity and a low resistance development potential.

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