scholarly journals The Potential Adjuvanticity of CAvant®SOE for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Young-Hoon Ahn ◽  
W. A. Gayan Chathuranga ◽  
Young-Jung Shim ◽  
D. K. Haluwana ◽  
Eun-Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a notifiable contagious disease of cloven-hoofed mammals. A high potency vaccine that stimulates the host immune response is the foremost strategy used to prevent disease persistence in endemic regions. FMD vaccines comprise inactivated virus antigens whose immunogenicity is potentiated by immunogenic adjuvants. Oil-based adjuvants have clear advantages over traditional adjuvant vaccines; however, there is potential to develop novel adjuvants to increase the potency of FMD vaccines. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel water-in-oil emulsion, called CAvant®SOE, as a novel vaccine adjuvant for use with inactivated FMD vaccines. In this study, we found that inactivated A22 Iraq virus plus CAvant®SOE (iA22 Iraq-CAvant®SOE) induced effective antigen-specific humoral (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and cell-mediated immune responses (IFN-γ and IL-4) in mice. Immunization of pigs with a single dose of iA22 Iraq-CAvant®SOE also elicited effective protection, with no detectable clinical symptoms against challenge with heterologous A/SKR/GP/2018 FMDV. Levels of protection are strongly in line with vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers. Collectively, these results indicate that CAvant®SOE-adjuvanted vaccine is a promising candidate for control of FMD in pigs.

scholarly journals The effect of vaccination regimen on the transfer of foot and mouth disease antibodies from the sow to her piglets

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Francis ◽  
L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Antibody Class

SUMMARYFour groups of pregnant sows were inoculated with type O1 foot and mouth disease (FMD) oil emulsion vaccine at various times before farrowing and samples of the sow's serum, colostrum and milk, and piglet's serum, collected during the first week after farrowing, were analysed for FMD virus neutralizing activity.No FMD neutralizing antibodies were detectable in the piglets serum at birth but they were present 1·5 h after suckling and peak titres were reached 1–3 days later. There was no significant difference between the antibody titres of colostrum samples collected from different teats at farrowing. However, similar samples collected 3 days later showed significant (P < 0·005) fore to hind variation. The principal FMD virus neutralizing antibody class present in the sow's serum at farrowing and in their 3-day-old piglets was governed by the inoculation schedule employed. When the last vaccinations were given ≃ 30 days before farrowing (dbf) the predominant FMD virus neutralizing class was IgG. However, when the sows were vaccinated only ≃ 12 dbf the predominant class was IgM. A significant correlation was observed between the sow's serum titres and colostrum titres at farrowing (r = 0·90), and also between sows colostrum titres at farrowing and their 3-day-old piglets serum titres (r = 0·99).

scholarly journals Humoral response of pregnant sows to foot and mouth disease vaccination

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Francis ◽  
L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Iga Response ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYFour groups of sows were inoculated, either once or twice, with O1BFS 1860 foot and mouth disease oil-emulsion vaccine during pregnancy and samples of serum. for analysis, were collected at intervals for > 300 days.The pregnant sows responded well to vaccination regardless of their state of gestation. Single vaccination produced protective levels of antibody (> 1·53 log10SN50) in 3 out of 4 sows while double vaccination produced protective levels in all 6 sows tested. Anti-FMD IgM antibodies could be detected for 40–60 days after vaccination or revaccination. Anti-FMD IgG antibodies appeared within 10 days of vaccination and persisted, in each sow, for the duration of the study. The anti-FMD IgA response observed was less easy to characterize due to significant animal to animal variation. Although there was no evidence of a fall in the neutralizing antibody titres over one year post vaccination the anti-FMD IgG antibody population did show signs of a change in its heterogenity and avidity.

scholarly journals Advanced Foot-And-Mouth Disease Vaccine Platform for Stimulation of Simultaneous Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Min Ja Lee ◽  
Hyundong Jo ◽  
So Hui Park ◽  
Mi-Kyeong Ko ◽  
Su-Mi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titers

Currently available commercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have various limitations, such as the slow induction and short-term maintenance of antibody titers. Therefore, a novel FMD vaccine that can rapidly induce high neutralizing antibody titers to protect the host in early stages of an FMD virus infection, maintain high antibody titers for long periods after one vaccination dose, and confer full protection against clinical symptoms by simultaneously stimulating cellular and humoral immunity is needed. Here, we developed immunopotent FMD vaccine strains A-3A and A-HSP70, which elicit strong initial cellular immune response and induce humoral immune response, including long-lasting memory response. We purified the antigen (inactivated virus) derived from these immunopotent vaccine strains, and evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccines containing these antigens in mice and pigs. The immunopotent vaccine strains A-3A and A-HSP70 demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared with the A strain (backbone strain) in mice. The oil emulsion-free vaccine containing A-3A and A-HSP70 antigens effectively induced early, mid-term, and long-term immunity in mice and pigs by eliciting robust cellular and humoral immune responses through the activation of co-stimulatory molecules and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. We successfully derived an innovative FMD vaccine formulation to create more effective FMD vaccines.

scholarly journals The HSP70-fused foot-and-mouth disease epitope elicits cellular and humoral immunity and drives broad-spectrum protective efficacy

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyundong Jo ◽  
Bong Yoon Kim ◽  
So Hui Park ◽  
Hyun Mi Kim ◽  
Sung Ho Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Vaccination Site ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity

AbstractCurrent foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have significant limitations, including side effects due to oil emulsions at the vaccination site, a narrow spectrum of protective efficacy, and incomplete host defenses mediated by humoral immunity alone. To overcome these limitations, new FMD vaccines must ensure improved safety with non-oil-based adjuvants, a broad spectrum of host defenses within/between serotypes, and the simultaneous induction of cellular and humoral immunity. We designed a novel, immune-potent, recombinant protein rpHSP70-AD that induces robust cellular immunity and elicits a broad spectrum of host defenses against FMD virus (FMDV) infections. We demonstrated that an oil emulsion-free vaccine containing rpHSP70-AD mediates early, mid-term, and long-term immunity and drives potent host protection against FMDV type O and A, suggesting its potential as an FMD vaccine adjuvant in mice and pigs. These results suggest a key strategy for establishing next-generation FMD vaccines, including novel adjuvants.

scholarly journals Simultaneous enterovirus EV-D68 and CVA6 infections causing acute respiratory distress syndrome and hand, foot and mouth disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanildo Pedro de Sousa ◽  
Heloísa Ihle Giamberardino ◽  
Sonia Mara Raboni ◽  
Maria Carmo Debur ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Chinese Strain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Background Although most enterovirus (EV) infections can be asymptomatic, these viral agents can cause serious conditions associated with central nervous system, respiratory disease and uncommon manifestations of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). EV-coinfections have been rarely reported with development of complications and severe clinical outcome. An atypical case of a child presenting HFMD and severe acute respiratory syndrome, co-infected with EV-D68 and CVA6, is reported herein. Case presentation A 3-year-old boy was admitted in the emergency department unit showing fever, abdominal pain and tachycardia. Twenty-four hours after hospitalization the child developed severe clinical symptoms associated with HFMD and was discharged after recovery. Two days later, the child was readmitted with fever, cough and respiratory distress. RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing confirmed positivity for EV-D68 and CVA6 in oro and nasopharynges swabs and vesicles fluid, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 gene sequences suggested that CVA6 was closely related with HFMD viruses circulating in Turkey, while EV-D68 was genetically related to a Chinese strain. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first report of a double infection caused by CVA6 and EV-D68, which shed light on the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections. Further studies must be conducted to ascertain the role and clinical significance of EV co-infections, as well as a potential synergistic pathway between these viruses.

scholarly journals 16 Standardized phytomolecules improve foot and mouth disease vaccine response in grower pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Alexandra Blanchard ◽  
Josselin le Cour Grandmaison ◽  
In Ho Kim ◽  
Yong Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vaccination Response ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a severe viral disease with significant economic impact. In endemic countries, livestock may be vaccinated. Standardized capsicum and turmeric oleoresins have demonstrated a boosting effect of vaccination in broiler, but little is known on their efficacy in swine. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficiency of these phytomolecules to improve FMD vaccine response in pigs. Cross-breed pigs (n = 120) with body weight of 24.6 kg were allotted into 3 groups of 40 pigs and assigned into 10 replicates from days 70 to 112 of age. Following treatments were applied: NS: no vaccination; FMD-NS: FMD vaccination; FMD-XT: FMD vaccination + supplementation of XT-N (4% capsicum + 4% turmeric oleoresins, Pancosma, Switzerland) at 125 g/ton in feed. The FMD vaccine (Omanisa + O3039 + A22 Iraq-strain, Merial) was injected at day 78. Blood samples were collected at days 88, 93, 98 and 103 to evaluate antibody levels. Growth performance was evaluated at day 112. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS®. During the trial, non-vaccinated pigs (NS) did not display antibody titers against FMD, but vaccinated pigs (FMD-NS and FMD-XT) exhibited significant levels of FMD antibodies (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs of FMD-XT group showed significant higher antibody levels at day 93 (P &lt; 0.05), day 98 (P = 0.06) and day 103 (P &lt; 0.05) in comparison to FMD-NS pigs. It indicated significant improvement of FMD vaccine response in comparison to the vaccinated control. At 112 days, FMD-NS pigs were numerically lighter (53.46 kg) in comparison to non-vaccinated pigs (53.89 kg). However, FMD-XT pigs were heavier (54.51 kg) in comparison to NS pigs (+0.62 kg, P &gt;0.05) and FMD-NS pigs (+1.05 kg, P &lt; 0.05). These findings showed that standardized phytomolecules (XT-N) incorporated into pig diet significantly supported FMD vaccination response and alleviated its negative effect on growth.

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