Tinnitus

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J McFerran ◽  
J S Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Central Auditory System ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Subjective Tinnitus ◽  
Peripheral Auditory System ◽  
Ignition Site ◽  
Major Health Issue

Chronic idiopathic subjective tinnitus is a common condition affecting around one in ten of the population at any given time. For the majority of people it is an annoyance rather than a major health issue but for approximately 0.5 per cent of the population tinnitus interferes with their ability to pursue a normal life. Modern theories of the pathogenesis of the condition concentrate on the central auditory system although the peripheral auditory system can be a trigger or ignition site for tinnitus. Although a cure remains elusive there are several good treatment strategies based on psychological and neurophysiological models of tinnitus that promote habituation to the symptom.

scholarly journals Emergence and function of cortical offset responses in sound termination detection

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Solyga ◽  
Tania Rinaldi Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Central Auditory System ◽  
In Vivo Electrophysiology ◽  
Termination Detection ◽  
Peripheral Auditory System ◽  
And Function

Offset responses in auditory processing appear after a sound terminates. They arise in neuronal circuits within the peripheral auditory system, but their role in the central auditory system remains unknown. Here, we ask what the behavioral relevance of cortical offset responses is and what circuit mechanisms drive them. At the perceptual level, our results reveal that experimentally minimizing auditory cortical offset responses decreases the mouse performance to detect sound termination, assigning a behavioral role to offset responses. By combining in vivo electrophysiology in the auditory cortex and thalamus of awake mice, we also demonstrate that cortical offset responses are not only inherited from the periphery but also amplified and generated de novo. Finally, we show that offset responses code more than silence, including relevant changes in sound trajectories. Together, our results reveal the importance of cortical offset responses in encoding sound termination and detecting changes within temporally discontinuous sounds crucial for speech and vocalization.

Neurasthenia, psy sciences and the ‘great leap forward’ in Maoist China

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Issue ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Great Leap ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great Leap Forward ◽  
Maoist China ◽  
Major Health Issue

The present study looks into the much-neglected history of neurasthenia in Maoist China in relation to the development of psy sciences. It begins with an examination of the various factors that transformed neurasthenia into a major health issue from the late 1950s to mid-1960s. It then investigates a distinctive culture of therapeutic experiment of neurasthenia during this period, with emphasis on the ways in which psy scientists and medical practitioners manoeuvred in a highly politicized environment. The study concludes with a discussion of the legacy of these neurasthenia studies – in particular, the experiment with the famous ‘speedy and synthetic therapy’ – and of the implications the present study may have for future historical study of psychiatry and science.

scholarly journals Current and projected burden of heart failure in the Australian adult population: a substantive but still ill-defined major health issue

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Kai Chan ◽  
Camilla Tuttle ◽  
Jocasta Ball ◽  
Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng ◽  
Yasmin Ahamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Major Health Issue

scholarly journals Time to resuscitate cardiopulmonary resuscitation! The 3R/CPR: Refill-Recoil-Rebound.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Nour
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Cardiac Massage ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Major Health Issue

Abstract Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains a major health issue worldwide with a gloomy outcome due to the inadequate organs’ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Alternatively, we aim through the present work to expose our visions of SCA management and propose a new technique of cardiac massage, urging CPR experts around the world to conduct their in-depth reviews for the sake of patients.

scholarly journals Emergence and function of cortical offset responses in sound termination detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sołyga ◽  
Tania Rinaldi Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Central Auditory System ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Termination Detection ◽  
Peripheral Auditory System ◽  
And Function

Offset responses in auditory processing appear after a sound terminates. They arise in neuronal circuits within the peripheral auditory system, but their role in the central auditory system remains unknown. Here we ask what the behavioural relevance of cortical offset responses is and what circuit mechanisms drive them. At the perceptual level, our results reveal that experimentally minimizing auditory cortical offset responses decreases the mouse performance to detect sound termination, assigning a behavioural role to offset responses. By combining in vivo electrophysiology in the auditory cortex and thalamus of awake mice, we also demonstrate that cortical offset responses are not only inherited from the periphery but also amplified and generated de novo. Finally, we show that offset responses code more than silence, including relevant changes in sound trajectories. Together, our results reveal the importance of cortical offset responses in encoding sound termination and detecting changes within temporally discontinuous sounds crucial for speech and vocalization.

scholarly journals Does Inflammation Determine Whether Obesity Is Metabolically Healthy or Unhealthy? The Aging Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Alam ◽  
Tze Pin Ng ◽  
Anis Larbi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity ◽  
Major Health Issue

Obesity is a major health issue in developed as well as developing countries. While obesity is associated with relatively good health status in some individuals, it may become a health issue for others. Obesity in the context of inflammation has been studied extensively. However, whether obesity in its various forms has the same adverse effects is a matter of debate and requires further research. During its natural history, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) converts into metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). What causes this transition to occur and what is the role of obesity-related mediators of inflammation during this transition is discussed in this paper.

Neurovirulence of SARS CoV2: From clinical data to preclinical neuropsychological exploration

Coronaviruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youness Kadil ◽  
Houda Filali
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Major Health Issue

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic represents a major health issue, caused by SARS CoV2, a Human coronavirus. Since the outbreak of this pandemic, the literature on SARS CoV-2 has grown differentially, with increased awareness of extra-respiratory symptoms, including neurological symptoms. Methods: Review based on studies published in the period extending through December 2019 to June 2020. Results and Discussion: This review raises the neurological aspect of SARS CoV2 including the suggested mechanism been involved. Increasingly, neurological disorders are being cited in addition to emerging experimental models with viral involvement. Conclusion: There is a need for further investigation to clarify how it can lead to the onset of acute and chronic neurological disorders, mentioning the importance of the experimental studies in neuropsychopharmacology.

Functionalized porous organic materials as efficient media for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) ions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2887-2923
Author(s):  
Arindam Modak ◽  
Piyali Bhanja ◽  
Manickam Selvaraj ◽  
Asim Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Adsorptive Removal ◽  
Major Health Issue

Hg(ii) contamination in water is a major health issue. Functionalized organic materials have huge scope for the large-scale adsorptive removal of Hg(ii). This review summarizes major achievements of POPs and COFs in the water purification purposes.

Bereavement and the Management of Grief

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Reading List ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Major Health Issue

For so long the province of poets, artists, and philosophers, the subject of bereavement has attained over the past 40 years a new status as a topic of clinical and scientific interest. In particular, it has become a major health issue. This was confirmed, for example, by the NIMH initiating an extensive project ably reported by Osterweis et al (1984). Largely due to its health implications, bereavement has now become the focus of attention from a number of perspectives (including cultural, biological, psychological, and social), with the result that an extensive literature has developed on the topic. With such an array of material available, therefore, it is easy to elevate oneself from total ignorance to a state of complete confusion. Consequently, when I was invited to write this article I was relieved to be informed that I was not required to provide a comprehensive reading list, but rather a personal one reflecting material which, in some way, I had found influential, memorable, or worthwhile.

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