On Linkhood, Topicalization and Clitic Left Dislocation

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORA ALEXOPOULOU ◽  
DIMITRA KOLLIAKOU
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clitic Doubling ◽  
Left Dislocation ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Card System ◽  
Clitic Left Dislocation ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structural Definition

This paper focuses on the Information Packaging notion of linkhood and provides a structural definition of this notion for Greek. We show that a combination of structural resources – syntactic (left dislocation), morphological (clitic duplication) and phonological (absence of nuclear accent) – are simultaneously exploited to realize linkhood in Greek, a generalization that can be captured in a constraint-based grammar such as HPSG, which permits the expression of interface constraints. We assume Vallduví's (1992) approach to Information Packaging, and Engdahl & Vallduví's (1996) implementation of the latter in HPSG, but deviate from Vallduví's work in adopting Hendriks & Dekker's (1996) revised definition of linkhood that relies on non-monotone anaphora. From an empirical point of view, our approach directly accounts for the invariable association of Clitic Left Dislocated NPs with wide scope readings, as well as a number of systematic differences in felicity conditions between Clitic Left Dislocation and other apparently related phenomena (Topicalization and Clitic Doubling). From a theoretical perspective, our analysis departs from syntax-based notions of topichood or discourse-linking and supports a definition that unifies linkhood with other anaphora phenomena. As such, it arguably overcomes previously noted problems for Vallduví's treatment of links as the current-locus-of-update in a Heim-style file-card system.

Clitic Doubling in a Doubling World

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Di Tullio ◽  
Andrés Saab ◽  
Pablo Zdrojewski
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Clitic Doubling ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Minimal Assumption ◽  
Left Dislocation ◽  
Clitic Left Dislocation ◽  
The One ◽  
Spanish Dialects

This chapter places Clitic Doubling in Argentinean Spanish into the broad perspective of pronominal doubling phenomena. A series of diagnostics is presented based on the interaction of Clitic Doubling with its PF/pragmatic effects, on the one hand, and its syntactic/LF effects, on the other. An important conclusion is that Clitic Doubling must be kept apart from Clitic Right Dislocation and Clitic Left Dislocation. Clitic Doubling is thus conceived of the morphological reflex of the abstract composition of object DPs; concretely, it is an A-dependency triggered whenever the object possesses a [person]-feature, an observation called the Person Feature Condition. So, under the minimal assumption that [3P] features can be optionally encoded on lexical DPs in Argentinean Spanish, but that it is only specified for pronouns in other Spanish dialects, variation facts associated with this phenomenon are explained. By the same token, the different behavior of doubled and nondoubled objects in several syntactic/LF configurations also follows.

scholarly journals acquisition of clitic objects in Modern Greek : single clitics, clitic doubling, clitic left dislocation

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 259-281
Author(s):  
Theodore Marinis
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Clitic Doubling ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Left Dislocation ◽  
Definite Articles ◽  
Clitic Left Dislocation

The present study is concerned with Single Clitics, as weil as with Clitic Doubling and Clitic Left Dislocation constructions and will test the Uniformity Hypothesis (Sportiehe 1992), according to which all three constructions involve the same underlying structure. It will be shown that: - acquisition data pose a problem for the Uniformity Hypothesis (Sportiche 1992) and support rather the idea that Single Clitic, Clitic Doubling and Clitic Left Dislocation constructions do not involve the same underlying structure, - omission of definite articles in Clitic Doubling and Clitic Left Dislocation constructions parallels omission of definite articles in simple DPs, - selective omission of some types of Determiners, i.e. definite articles and use of another type of Determiners, i.e. clitic pronouns, can be explained in terms of the different feature specification of words belonging to the category D and the different status of clitics vs. definite articles.  

Conclusions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Schifano
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Verb Movement ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Empirical Point

Chapter 6 summarizes the main contributions of the book, as well as topics for future research. From an empirical point of view, the book has shown that four distinct macro-typologies of verb movement can be identified which can be predicted on the basis of independent morphological properties of the languages under investigation, thus casting new light on the long-debated issue of the interplay between ‘rich’ morphology and verb movement. From a methodological point of view, the volume has shown the importance of formulating analyses which are not language-specific but have a wider empirical basis. From a theoretical perspective, it has underlined the advantages of using a hybrid minimalist-cartographic framework. Questions for future research include whether it is possible to extend and adapt the present approach to other language families, such as Germanic, and investigating whether the proposed approach makes the correct predictions once diachronic variation too is taken into account.

scholarly journals Influence of ESGC Indicators on Financial Performance of Listed Travel and Leisure Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Eva M. Sánchez-Teba ◽  
Alberto A. López-Toro ◽  
Susana Borrego-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to research the impact of environmental, social, governance, and controversies (ESGC) indicators on financial performance. We used a sample of financial and nonfinancial business data from international countries for 2017 obtained through the Thomson Reuters environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) database. The company participants in the study belong to the tourism sector and are listed on international stock market indices. The methodology used was based on parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. Evidence supports that governance practices significantly influence financial performance. The contribution of the study is two-fold—from a theoretical perspective, it adds to the existing literature and, from an empirical point of view, we developed ESGC indicators and their relationship with financial performance using a binary regression logistic model, with results that can be applied to an international tourist perspective.

scholarly journals The problem of intentionality in the school of Brentano

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Seliverstov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Franz Brentano ◽  
Bernard Bolzano ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

From the moment Franz Brentano formulated his definition of intentionality, it imme­diately began to undergo modifications in the works of his students. Brentano’s original definition included reference to the scholastic tradition, but it differs from the one that was formulated by the scholastics. In his work “Psychology from an Empirical Point of View”, Brentano defines intentionality both as an orientation towards an object and as a relation to some content, but at no later time, neither in this work, nor in other published works, does he clarify the meaning of the concept of «content». In this regard, the stu­dents and interpreters of Brentano’s works had a question: does the scheme of inten­tionality consist exclusively of an intentional act and an object, or does it also include the content of a representation? Brentano’s disciples did not view this definition as clear and unambiguous. In order to clarify this concept, they often studied other similar philo­sophical conceptions in search of a more precise definition. In particular, they looked for a similar concept in the theory of Bernard Bolzano. The first version of the schema of in­tentionality, including the content of representation, appeared in the works of Hoeffler and Twardowski. For this reason, for a long time they were considered by historians to be the discoverers of the distinction between object and content. However, after the notes of Brentano’s lectures, which he also read to his students, were recovered, it became clear that Brentano himself made this distinction. In this regard, it seems extremely important to interpret the history of the relationships in the Brentano school through the prism of the discussions devoted to the definition of intentionality and the structure of an inten­tional act, as well as to understand the origins of each individual interpretation of this concept proposed by Brentano’s students

Redoublement Clitique, Relatives et Interrogatives en Roumain et Espagnol

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Dobrovie-Sorin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Clitic Doubling ◽  
Parametric Variation ◽  
Left Dislocation ◽  
Clitic Left Dislocation

This article shows that important differences between Romanian and Spanish with respect to the clitic doubling phenomenon are not due to a parametric variation in the clitic systems of the two languages, but to a specific mechanism of relative clause formation that we propose for Romanian. Our ana-lysis is further supported by data concerning the clitic doubling of quantified NPs. Another interesting confirmation comes from the Italian Clitic Left Dislocation.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

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