The Return of Malawian Labour from South Africa and Zimbabwe

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Christiansen ◽  
Jonathan G. Kydd
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
International Labour Migration

This article examines an unusual phenomenon in the context of modern African labour migration. It explains how Malawi, which had long been a significant source of migrant workers for its neighbours, managed to withdraw over one-half of its international labour force from abroad in the first six years of the 1970s, and to integrate these individuals into the domestic economy within a very short period of time. Traumatic movements of large numbers of migrant workers have been all too common in contemporary Africa, usually manifested as expulsions from host countries during periods of economic stress. A recent notable example was the exodus of about a million foreign workers from Nigeria in the course of one month in 1983. What is unusual about the reduction in international labour migration from Malawi is that it was induced mainly by economic opportunities rather than by coercion.

A New Portrait of Indentured Labour: Vietnamese Labour Migration to Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lê Thu Huong
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
Recruitment Procedure ◽  
International Labour Migration ◽  
Skilled Migrant

AbstractThis paper discusses the recruitment procedure and the gradual loss of autonomy of low-skilled migrant workers in international labour migration, by using the example of Vietnamese workers’ trajectories to Malaysia. It argues that debates on indentured labour and all other forms of bonded labour remain relevant today as new manifestations of the practice are now concealed behind extensive economic exchanges and inter-state economic cooperation. A detailed study of the process of Vietnamese labour migration shows how migratory trajectories that start from ‘voluntary’ indebtedness eventually lead to a status of subordinate and immobilised guest workers in Malaysia. The interrelations between debt and contracts play here a central role. Encouraged by the promising messages of local recruiters and the official support for migration, candidate workers readily consent to sign the triple contracts that will lead them to work in Malaysia. In the process, they gradually get entangled in a web of obligations towards their recruiter, their state (bank) and their employer, leading to severe restrictions in their autonomy over life and work in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Remittances of Ukrainian Migrants on the Stabilisation of the Economy During the Covid Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Iryna Gerlach ◽  
Lilia Ukraynets
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
International Labour Migration ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
The Impact

International labour migration is a global process that has affected the populations of all countries and continents. Today, migrants face a new additional barrier – the COVID-19 pandemic, which has drastically affected all forms of human mobility. Today, labour-based migration from Ukraine is directed mainly to EU Member States. The main motives for international labour migration is the potential of earning money, financial security of the family etc. Accordingly, the consequence of international migration is the inflow of money into the country of migrant origin. Remittances from migrant workers are an important source of income for Ukraine. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in migrant remittances, contributing to the development of households, human potential, the reduction of poverty and inequality, and the inflow of foreign currency. This article proposes an econometric model of the impact of migrant remittances on the stabilisation of the country’s economy during the pandemic. As a result of the calculations, it was found that the income from people working abroad initially reduces the deviation of GDP from the equilibrium trend, but over time there is a clear procyclical impact. This feature is favourable for the Ukrainian economy and may mean that migrant transfers in times of crisis help to overcome the effects of global economic downturns.

Labour migration in ASEAN: Indonesian migrant workers in Johor Bahru, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Arisman Arisman ◽  
Ratnawati Kusuma Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
International Labour Migration ◽  
Working Hour

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explain and share about labour migration for employment purposes issues from the perspective of a sending and receiving country in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Indonesia; sending state and Malaysia; receiving state) on managing the international labour migration between the two countries.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopting “mixed methods”, mixing of quantitative and qualitative data within a single investigation or sustained programme of inquiry. The activity includes collecting primary data in two countries. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to migrant workers in the receiving states and used indepth interview to 10 stakeholders in the sending states.FindingsThe protection of migrant workers in Johor Bahru is still weak. The graph shows that Indonesian migrant workers in Johor mostly have their documents kept by their employer. Fisheries sector has the highest percentage of workers whose documents are retained by the employer. Meanwhile the sector in which the worker mostly do not get a weekly one day off is the domestic worker. Overall, this means that Malaysia has to put more attention on the existing regulation in order to create a more comfortable working environment.Originality/valueThis paper observe three parameters such as working hour, who keep the passport of the Indonesian migrant workers and weekly one day off relate to working condition of Indonesian migrant workers.

scholarly journals Perilous Wages: Predicaments of Female Labour Migration from Bangladesh to the Middle East

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
M. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Domestic Migration ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Middle Man

The recent bilateral agreement between Bangladesh and the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) has facilitated migration of female domestic workers, which has opened up an opportunity as well as challenge for Bangladesh. Opportunities are quite significant in a sense that male migration has already been saturated in the GCC countries which has a major impact on the flow of remittances. The abundant and employable female labour force in Bangladesh could easily contribute to this international labour migration, and thereby add to the national economic development. There are serious problems as well since many Bangladeshi female domestic workers are reported to be exploited, sexually abused and raped by the middle man, recruiting agents, and the overseas employers. Many women fled from their employer and sought shelter at the Bangladesh consulate in Jeddah and Riyadh, alleging that they are either being tortured, not properly fed, paid, or not given job as promised. Many female migrants left their family members and young children at home in Bangladesh, which created further social problems as women are still considered as homemakers and childcare providers in the Bangladeshi cultural context. At this backdrop, the time is up to find out ways to make female domestic migration safe and secure. Both the sending and receiving countries must come up with policies and awareness programs that would ensure safety for the female domestic workers. It requires a strong commitment from both the sending and receiving countries that the policies, acts and laws are in favour of female migrant workers. National and international NGOs, civil society and media could play vital role to adopt and implement appropriate policies for safe and sound migration of the female domestic workers.

The Changing Characteristics of Migrant Workers in Kuwait

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasra M. Shah ◽  
Sulayman S. Al-Qudsi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Industrial Distribution ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Temporary Migrant ◽  
Development Plans

Kuwait is one of the gulf countries that has imported large numbers of temporary migrant workers over the last decade or so. The import of such workers was necessitated by the ambitious development plans that were made possible by the oil bonanza after 1973. Even prior to this influx, however, more than 70 percent of the labor force in Kuwait consisted of foreign workers. As the country has gone through economic and other changes, its goals concerning the magnitude and structure of the migrant worker population have undergone substantial revisions. These changes are reflected in such indicators as number of migrant workers; occupational and industrial distribution of the labor force; demographic, ethnic, and educational characteristics of this labor force; and related wage levels. An examination of the above changes is the objective of the present study.

scholarly journals The Role of the Labour Department in International Labour Migrant Management in Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Eugene Narh Korletey ◽  
Eric Bossman Asare ◽  
Joseph Kofi Teye
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
International Labour Migration ◽  
Security Deposits ◽  
Globalized World

International migration is the major integral part of international economic relations and significant component of the globalized world. Its issues cannot be comprehended without considering levels of policy at national, regional and global forums have attracted high levels of policy consideration at national, regional and global forums. It linkages the development in countries and migrant workers in terms of an emerging international consensus on the positive aspects of labour migration cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, the study sought to examines how the labour department manages international labour migration in Ghana. The snowball, stratified sampling techniques and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. The study showed that in spite of the absence of national migration policy, the labour department has been mandated with registration, licensing and monitoring of private employment agencies in the country. The study showed major challenge of labour department raising security deposits of GH₵ 25,000 as the registration requirement. The study also discusses the institutional collaboration that exists between the labour department and other state and international organizations as well as private entities in respect of labour migration in the country. The study concluded that the level of collaboration between the labour department and other institutions including state and international organization in respect of international labour migration management can be explained within the context of the migration systems theory.

scholarly journals External labour migration: lacks of Ukrainian legal adjusting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Popov ◽  
◽  
Yuliya Tuz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
The State ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Basic States ◽  
The One

The article investigates the state of the legal adjusting of external labour migration from Ukraine to foreign countries. Authors criticize the one-sided orientation of the Ukrainian legislation, as unjustified administrative and such that does not take into account existent realities such as politics of Poland and other recipients of foreign workers. It is not reasonable position that the Ukrainian legal doctrine approach is existing, in obedience to that for the decision of problems of this migration correct organization and clear legislative adjusting of activity of subjects of business, that engage in mediation in employment abroad, are needed. That it is really needed, so it to change a volume and maintenance of the legal adjusting of labour of citizens of Ukraine abroad in intergovernmental agreements in that one of parties there is Ukraine, and other - accepting the Ukrainian workers country. Quite another business, international agreements other, than Ukraine, countries in the sphere of labour migration. It is today possible to give an example of the successful bilateral adjusting of international labour migratory processes in some from the basic states-importers of labour force.

Multiculturalism and Temporary Migrant Workers

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Temporary Migrant ◽  
Temporary Labour Migration ◽  
Liberal Perspective

Normative discussions of temporary labour migration have focused mostly on what social and political rights, if any, temporary migrant workers should have. This chapter focuses on a different set of potential entitlements: cultural rights. The question I am interested in is whether the cultural needs and preferences of temporary migrant workers should be accommodated or even supported by receiving states (note that ‘culture’ is construed broadly here so as to include religious needs and preferences). Specifically, I ask when, if ever, temporary migrant workers should have access to three kinds of cultural rights from a liberal perspective: (i) cultural exemptions from laws and working regulations; (ii) cultural subsidies; and (iii) cultural recognition. Asking this question is important not just to fill a lacuna in the literature on multiculturalism (most of which is concerned with the cultural entitlements of citizens), but also from a practical point of view, as many countries harbour large numbers of temporary migrant workers.

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