scholarly journals The management of border disputes in African regional sub-systems: comparing West Africa and the Horn of Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kornprobst

In Africa, the management of border disputes varies from sub-region to sub-region. Most puzzling is the difference between West Africa and the Horn of Africa. In the latter, border disputes are much more likely to escalate into war than in the former. Seeking to solve this puzzle, this study focuses on the territorial integrity norm. It departs from existing accounts of this norm in two ways: first, it does not choose the region but the sub-region as the level of analysis. Second, it does not isolate the territorial integrity norm from its social context but analyses the interplay of the norm with the social structure in which it is embedded. It concludes that the territorial integrity norm in West Africa is part of a social structure different from that in the Horn of Africa. It is this difference that explains the different patterns of conflict management in the two sub-regions.

Gesture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
David McNeill

Abstract Using recurrent gestures as the model, this essay considers how an inside-looking-out view of speech-gesture production reflects the interactive-social exterior. The inside view may appear to ignore the social context of speaking and gesture, but this is far from the truth. What an exterior view sees as important appears in the interior but in a different way. The difference leads to misunderstandings of the interior view and what it does. It is not a substitute for the exterior. It is the interior reflecting the social exterior and shaping it to fit its own demands. Topics are: recurrent gestures; gesture-speech co-expressivity; expunged real-world goals; “in-betweenness”; phenomenological “inhabitance” and material carriers; metaphoricity and imagery; social deixis and social relations; realizations of the self; world-views; and lastly the want of mutual outside and inside intellectual perceptions and what can be done about it.


1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Lois Bryson

Child care policy must always relate to the wider social context, indeed it will inevitably do so as we are all affected by broader changes in the social structure and changes in ideology. Nonetheless, rates of change in various areas are not always synchronous. Today, I want to look at some broader changes in society and point to some of their implications for child care policy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Evelina Ayu Kristianti

Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is a theory which analyses the language function to understand the meanings and purposes of language in written text or speech. In this research, SFL is employed to discover the interpersonal meanings on Jacinda Ardern’s speeches on COVID-19, seen from the modality since it is one of the most important elements in SFL which shows the speaker’s attitudes. This research uses Jacinda Ardern’s speeches on 20 April 2020 and 15 July 2020. Halliday’s modal category is used as the theoretical framework; thus, the interpretation will derive from his theory. This research also employs discourse analysis as the approach in order to understand the relation between language elements and social context in meaning-making. This study had different implementation of modal category from what Halliday had proposed which is triggered by the social situation during pandemic in New Zealand. This research discovers that the first speech only uses two types of modality which are probability and obligation, meanwhile the second speech uses all types of modality. The difference between the first and the second speech is due to the different circumstances. However, in general, the interpersonal meanings represented from the modality in the speeches are the commitment, empathy, dan quick respond of the speaker. Keywords- interpersonal meanings, modality, speech, Jacinda Ardern’s speech, COVID-19


Author(s):  
Taylor Tye

In my presentation, I will demonstrate the contrast between the pioneer of the Southern Grotesque, Flannery O’Connor, and her famous story “A Good Man is Hard to Find” with Taylor’s use of the gothic in his YA novel. O’Connor adapted her version of the gothic from her predecessors such as Shelley and Poe. But she veers away from the creation of a fantastical monster tradition of the Romantics to drive the focus of the “monstrous” to the very human but harmful behaviors of her characters. Similarly, Taylor’s narrative does away with the over-the-top fantasy of the Romantic tradition and instead chooses to set the narrative in a realistic space with relevant characters. The difference between O’Connor and Taylor is that in O’Connor’s Southern Gothic the setting is the pinnacle of her story while Taylor’s Indigeneity shines through with his humor, traditional storytelling, and orality in his narrative. Differences aside, it is clear that the motive of each text is a call for social reform in O’Connor’s criticism of the social structure of the American South and in Taylor’s criticism of colonization.


1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Smith

A recent polemical essay by Alan Macfarlane constructed a picture of the social structure of medieval rural England premised on the notion that there was little difference in the nature of family attachment to land between freeholders and those who held their property ‘according to the customs of the manor.’ This essay has received severe criticism from R. H. Hilton, who argues that it ‘ignores the implications of the considerable predominance in many areas of customary land held in villein (i.e. servile) tenure, attempting to assimilate it to freehold as though it were equivalent to sixteenth century copyhold.’ The scale of the difference between these two positions may be attributed to the current state of research into the operation of customary law and its tribunals.


1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Berger

AbstractIn contrast to the usual attempts to attach the difference between an action-theoretical sociology and MARX’s theory on divergent themes and interests, this paper is searching for the decisive distinction of both approaches in the way of concept formation. Here the important question is if and where the perception of actors is entering the concepts of sociology. The diverse answer to this question leads to two concepts of social structure : to normatively supported action pattern on the one hand, to a mode of production on the other.Finally, the formation of a sociological basic term, orientated on the idea of modes of production, is shown by the example of the class concept.


Author(s):  
Malcolm Ross

The chapter examines contact-induced change in grammatical constructions. Scholars know of only a few cases where evidence is available of both (i) the social context of constructional change and (ii) the grammars of the copying language before and after change and the model language during the change. Most examples are drawn from two European languages which largely fulfil these conditions. Contact-induced constructional change occurs either through bilingualism or through rapid language shift. Bilingually induced change is exemplified by Colloquial Upper Sorbian, rapid language shift by rural Irish English. Four degrees of change are identified: increased frequency of use, change in function, constructional calquing and metatypy. The chapter then discusses the mechanisms and social contexts of constructional change and compares bilingually induced and shift-induced change, leading to the observation that metatypy is restricted to bilingually induced change. In other respects both kinds of change have similar effects. This means that contact-induced change in grammatical constructions serves to diagnose the difference between bilingually induced change and rapid language shift only in rather rare instances.


Author(s):  
Donna M. Velliaris ◽  
Janine M. Pierce

Autoethnography is a genre of writing that connects the personal to the cultural, placing the self within a social context. These texts are usually written in the first-person and feature dialogue, emotion, and self-consciousness as relational and institutional stories are affected by history, culture and social structure; authors use their ‘own' experiences to look deeply at ‘self-other' interactions by starting with ‘self'. Both authors, educators at the Eynesbury Institute of Business and Technology (EIBT) responded to the question: In the context of EIBT, what significant professional experiences of miscommunication have had an impact on your pedagogical praxis today? Educators are constantly in the process of negotiating the social, cultural and educational forces, trends and structures within which they work. These researcher-practitioners share the ‘lived' cultural misconceptions, misinterpretations, and misunderstandings they have experienced in this school setting and in their own classrooms.


Author(s):  
Marcus J. Borg

Until recently, and for a variety of reasons, most historical Jesus scholarship has typically seen Jesus as essentially non-political. Recently, this has begun to change, to a large extent because of the fuller description of the social world of Jesus made possible by the use of interdisciplinary models and insights. Seen within the context of a social world described as a peasant, patriarchal and purity society, many of the Jesus traditions reflect both a sharp critique of society and advocacy of an alternative social vision. Jesus' action in the temple (including E P Sanders view of it) is treated as a case study of the difference made by an interdisciplinary understanding of the social context of Jesus' public activity.


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