Recurrent gestures

Gesture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
David McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inside View ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social Deixis ◽  
Interior View ◽  
Gesture Production

Abstract Using recurrent gestures as the model, this essay considers how an inside-looking-out view of speech-gesture production reflects the interactive-social exterior. The inside view may appear to ignore the social context of speaking and gesture, but this is far from the truth. What an exterior view sees as important appears in the interior but in a different way. The difference leads to misunderstandings of the interior view and what it does. It is not a substitute for the exterior. It is the interior reflecting the social exterior and shaping it to fit its own demands. Topics are: recurrent gestures; gesture-speech co-expressivity; expunged real-world goals; “in-betweenness”; phenomenological “inhabitance” and material carriers; metaphoricity and imagery; social deixis and social relations; realizations of the self; world-views; and lastly the want of mutual outside and inside intellectual perceptions and what can be done about it.

Mentalising and Epistemic Trust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbie Duschinsky ◽  
Sarah Foster
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Mental Health And Illness ◽  
Epistemic Trust ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
P Factor

The theory of mentalizing and epistemic trust introduced by Peter Fonagy and colleagues at the Anna Freud Centre has been an important perspective on mental health and illness. This book is the first comprehensive account and evaluation of this perspective. The book explores 20 primary concepts that organize the contributions of Fonagy and colleagues: adaptation, aggression, the alien self, culture, disorganized attachment, epistemic trust, hypermentalizing, reflective function, the p-factor, pretend mode, the primary unconscious, psychic equivalence, mental illness, mentalizing, mentalization-based therapy, non-mentalizing, the self, sexuality, the social environment, and teleological mode. The biographical and social context of the development of these ideas is examined. The book also specifies the current strengths and limitations of the theory of mentalizing and epistemic trust, with attention to the implications for both clinicians and researchers.

Sociology of shame: basic theoretical considerations

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Sighard Neckel
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Informal Groups ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

In his chapter Sighard Neckel points out the social characteristics of shame. This emotion arises from the interweaving of social relationships and presupposes the difference between the self and its ideal image just as much as a violation of the norm before the eyes of others. In this respect shame is tied to sociality, normativity and morality. The author illustrates the structural anchoring of the loss of self-esteem in social conditions. Analogous to the dimensions of status acquisition used in sociology in modern societies, such as material prosperity, knowledge, position in organizations and in informal groups, different social shaming techniques are explained. Neckel shows that social devaluations arise when the work or need of people is not valued. The associated devaluations in material and social terms produce feelings of inferiority – feelings with which the addressees of social work are systematically confronted. The article concludes that individualizing social situations and interpreting social disadvantages as personal failure generate shame and the experience of one’s own unworthiness. It is shame that indicates how heterogeneous respect and recognition can be distributed in society.

Sexuality, Violence, and the Athenian Law of Hubris

1991 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
The Social

In recent years a considerable literature on the scope and meaning of the word hubris has done much to clarify the nature of this important concept. However, some important aspects of hubris deserve more detailed attention. In particular, a full account of the social context and moral psychology of the ideology, social practices, and legal prosecutions involving hubris would make a fundamental contribution to our understanding of Athenian society and the role which litigation played in moderating or exacerbating social conflicts. Indeed, such an account, particularly if it drew upon recent advances in the social anthropology of agonistic societies, would necessarily increase our appreciation of the centrality of hubris and the related values of honour and shame in Athenian social relations. While the goals of the present study are far more modest, in a sense they represent a first step in this direction. Since, as I will argue, the relation of the law of hubris to certain kinds of sexual misconduct and to sexual aspects of honour and shame has not been fully recognized, an exploration of this relation may help to mark out some of the ground which a fuller treatment would have to cover.

scholarly journals Contemporary understanding of riots: Classical crowd psychology, ideology and the social identity approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Stott ◽  
John Drury
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Crowd Psychology ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Social Identity Approach

This article explores the origins and ideology of classical crowd psychology, a body of theory reflected in contemporary popularised understandings such as of the 2011 English ‘riots’. This article argues that during the nineteenth century, the crowd came to symbolise a fear of ‘mass society’ and that ‘classical’ crowd psychology was a product of these fears. Classical crowd psychology pathologised, reified and decontextualised the crowd, offering the ruling elites a perceived opportunity to control it. We contend that classical theory misrepresents crowd psychology and survives in contemporary understanding because it is ideological. We conclude by discussing how classical theory has been supplanted in academic contexts by an identity-based crowd psychology that restores the meaning to crowd action, replaces it in its social context and in so doing transforms theoretical understanding of ‘riots’ and the nature of the self.

The Social History of confession in the Age of the Reformation

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bossy
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Traditional Church ◽  
The Social ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

When I offered to read a paper on this subject, I had a particular hypothesis in mind. I thought—perhaps it would be more honest to say, I hoped—it would be possible to show that, during a period roughly contemporaneous with the Reformation, the practice of the sacrament of penance in the traditional church had undergone a change which was important in itself and of general historical interest. The change, I thought, could roughly be described as a shift from the social to the personal. To be more precise, I thought it possible that, for the average layman, and notably for the average rural layman in the pre-reformation church, the emphasis of the sacrament lay in its providing part of a machinery for the regulation and resolution of offences and conflicts otherwise likely to disturb the peace of a community. The effect of the Counter-Reformation (or whatever one calls it) was, I suspected, to shift the emphasis away from the field of objective social relations and into a field of interiorized discipline for the individual. The hypothesis may be thought an arbitrary one: we can but see. I think it will be admitted that, supposing it turned out to be correct, we should have learnt something worth knowing about the difference between the medieval and the counter-reformation church, and something about the difference between pre- and post-reformation European society. If if did not turn out to be correct, we might nevertheless expect to pick up some useful knowledge about something which is scarcely a staple of current historical discourse, though it threatens to become so.

scholarly journals INTERPERSONAL MEANINGS OF MODALITY IN JACINDA ARDERN’S SPEECHES ON COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Evelina Ayu Kristianti
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is a theory which analyses the language function to understand the meanings and purposes of language in written text or speech. In this research, SFL is employed to discover the interpersonal meanings on Jacinda Ardern’s speeches on COVID-19, seen from the modality since it is one of the most important elements in SFL which shows the speaker’s attitudes. This research uses Jacinda Ardern’s speeches on 20 April 2020 and 15 July 2020. Halliday’s modal category is used as the theoretical framework; thus, the interpretation will derive from his theory. This research also employs discourse analysis as the approach in order to understand the relation between language elements and social context in meaning-making. This study had different implementation of modal category from what Halliday had proposed which is triggered by the social situation during pandemic in New Zealand. This research discovers that the first speech only uses two types of modality which are probability and obligation, meanwhile the second speech uses all types of modality. The difference between the first and the second speech is due to the different circumstances. However, in general, the interpersonal meanings represented from the modality in the speeches are the commitment, empathy, dan quick respond of the speaker. Keywords- interpersonal meanings, modality, speech, Jacinda Ardern’s speech, COVID-19

the self in Greek literature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gill
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
Literature And Philosophy ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Is Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thought Worlds

The notion of “self” is a non-technical one, bridging the areas of psychology and ethics or social relations. Criteria for selfhood include psychological unity or cohesion, agency, responsibility, self-consciousness, reflexivity, and capacity for relationships with others. “Self” is a modern concept with no obvious lexical equivalent in Greek (or Latin); the question therefore arises of the relationship between the modern concept and ancient thinking, as embodied in Greek literature. Three approaches to this question can be identified. One focuses on the idea that there is development within Greek literature towards an understanding of the self or person as a cohesive unit and bearer of agency and responsibility. Another approach sees certain aspects of Greek literature and philosophy as prefiguring some features of the modern concept of self. A third approach underlines the difference between the Greek and modern thought worlds in the formulation of concepts in this area, while also suggesting that Greek ideas and modes of presenting people can be illuminating to moderns, in part because of the challenge posed by their difference. These approaches draw on a range of evidence, including psychological vocabulary, characterization in Greek literature, and Greek philosophical analyses of ethical psychology. There are grounds for maintaining the credibility of all three approaches, and also valid criticisms that can be made of each of them.

The Psychology of Alcohol (Amer. Journ. Psych., vol. xi, No. 3, April, 1900.) Partridge, G. E.

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (196) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Havelock Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intimate Relation ◽  
Logical Result ◽  
Increased Activity

This is a study not merely of the effects of alcohol, whether as manifested in inebriety or when taken for experimental purposes, but of the intoxication impulse generally. The author believes there is a danger of regarding natural phenomena too readily as abnormal. He considers that the methods used by many who have been inspired by Lombroso illustrate this, and remarks that the conclusion of Nordau that all society is pathological is the logical result of an indiscriminate search for abnormalities. Thus we must beware of too hastily regarding the intoxication impulse as abnormal. It has played a part of the first importance both among uncivilised and civilised peoples. “Indeed, it is hard to imagine what the religious or social consciousness of primitive man would have been without them [intoxicants].” The first part of the paper is devoted to an account of the part played by this impulse in the religious and social life of early civilisations. This is followed by an analysis of the state of intoxication, accounts of experiments with intoxicating doses of alcohol, and observations on a series of inebriates. The authors experiments show that in intoxication, unless well advanced, the rapidity of simple mental processes is not decreased. The rapidity of tapping was most affected. Ability to control a reflex wink was greatly increased. There is increased activity of the associations, emotions, and sensations which make up the self. The increase of self-confidence and the diminution of suspicion are important points in their social bearing. “The intimate relation of intoxication to the social impulse undoubtedly accounts—in part at least—for the widespread and persistent use of intoxicants. Doubtless it made possible wider social relations than could otherwise have been maintained.”

The Social Context of Apostasy among Fifteenth-Century Spanish Jewry

2008 ◽  
pp. 173-198
Author(s):  
Ram Ben-Shalom
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Self ◽  
New Rhetoric ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Messages

This chapter seeks to ground individual expressions of the new rhetoric in concrete details of the social context of apostasy that spawned it. It discusses how Jews and the Conversos engaged in the construction and reconstruction of their respective identities in response to the mass conversions. It also emphasizes how the Jew was an entirely contemporary concept and representative of real Jews and Conversos that is firmly rooted in the realities of social interaction during the fifteenth-century Castile. The chapter recognizes the elusiveness and mutability of ethnic and religious identity in formulating the essential characteristics of the self. It describes images of the anthropomorphized figures of Church and Synagogue that adorn the Christian art of western Europe and which contain theological and social messages revealing the chasm separating Christianity and Judaism.

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