A new interfacial method for conodont separation

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzislaw Belka ◽  
Stanislaw Skompski ◽  
Boguslaw Waksmundzki
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Density Separation ◽  
Sodium Polytungstate ◽  
Heavy Liquids ◽  
The Way

Conodonts display higher specific gravity (2.84-3.10) than common minerals in sedimentary rocks. For several decades this property has been exploited to separate these microfossils from sediment residues using density separation techniques. Two heavy liquids commonly used, bromoform and tetra-bromoethane, are toxic (Sax, 1979; HaufTand Airey, 1980) and constitute a danger to human health. Tetrabromoethane is a known carcinogen (Brem et al., 1974). Both of these liquids should be abandoned in favor of nontoxic sodium polytungstate (Callahan, 1987; Merrill, 1987b; Krukowski, 1988). There are, however, some technical problems with its use because of relatively high viscosity and a tendency to recrystallize during separation. Another big disadvantage is also its price at $100 per kilogram. These problems may be considerably overcome by using polytungstate in the way described by Savage (1988).

scholarly journals The use of sodium polytungstate for conodont separations

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Savage
Keyword(s):  
High Viscosity ◽  
Heavy Liquid ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Sodium Polytungstate ◽  
Heavy Liquids

Abstract. Most conodont workers use heavy liquids that are carcinogenic or toxic in other ways. The use of the non-toxic water-based liquid sodium polytungstate has not been widely accepted because of reports that its high viscosity prevents the more delicate conodonts from settling, that it tends to crystallise during use, and that it is more expensive than traditional liquids. If used in the manner described below, viscosity, cystallisation and cost are no longer problems. The overwhelming advantage of safety then makes sodium polytungstate the heavy liquid of choice for conodont work.

scholarly journals Non-toxic low-cost heavy liquid separation in the Geological Survey of Greenland

1989 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
P Schiøler
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heavy Liquid ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Sodium Polytungstate ◽  
Heavy Liquids

Density separation of mineral and sediment grains into fractions using heavy liquids traditionally employs organic compounds such as bromoform (density 2.89) and tetrabromoethane (density 2.96) which are known to be toxic even at very low concentrations (Van Haaften, 1969) and possibly carcinogenic. In addition, the separated grains are washed with organic solvents such as acetone which may be highly inflammable, and are also a health risk. In recent years, a new water soluble compound, sodium polytungstate (SPT), 3Na2WO4.9WO3.H2O, has become available as a medium for heavy liquid separations, offering an alternative to the heavy organic liquids. Hs use has been discussed by several workers (e.g. Plewinsky & Kamp, 1984; Krukowski, 1988) in a variety of geological settings. The present note summarises experience in GGU's palaeontological laboratory gained from working with SPT for a full year as a replacement for tetrabromoethane and bromoform in the separation of phosphatic microfossils from samples principally of Lower - Middle Cambrian age. Apart from improving the work environment by replacing high health-risk chernicals with water soluble products without known detrimental effects, SPT has proved to be both an economical and potentially efficient alternative to the organic heavy liquids. SPT is patented, and only available from Sometu, Falkenried 4, D 1000 Berlin 33, Federal Republic of Germany.

Using Bad News to Make Good Decisions

2011 ◽  
pp. 358-374
Author(s):  
Margaret Johnson ◽  
Larry Hovey ◽  
Pam Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Inform Decision Making ◽  
The Way

Along the way, a number of personnel, organizational, and technical problems were encountered, and many were resolved. What did became clear is that using data to inform decision making is an evolving process that can provide a solid basis for continuous program improvements.

scholarly journals Problems in English to Arabic Subtitles Translation of Religious Terms—Bruce Almighty and Supernatural on MBC & Dubai One: A Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel Azim ElShiekh
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Arab Gulf ◽  
Bruce Almighty ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

<p>This paper attempts to shed light on some cultural and/or technical problems in the translation of religious terms from English into Arabic in the subtitles of movies, with particular reference to some Arab Gulf countries channels. Due to limitations of time and space, the researcher has taken two particular channels as representative, namely MBC Channel group and Dubai One. The data of the research have been collected from one film and one TV series as quite typical examples of works that may lead to serious problems in the subtitles translation with regard to religious terms. In both cases, the use of religious terms is not only obligatory but also focal. The researcher points the discrepancies in the choice of Arabic equivalents for the English religious terms in question as well as explores the possible reasons of and recommended solutions to such cultural problems in translation. The film, <em>Bruce Almighty</em>, is a light and comic treatment of the phenomenon of well-educated yet vain young men, doubting the wisdom of God Almighty. Jim Cary plays the role of the young man, while Morgan Freeman actually plays God! Hence, there is no easy way out of the necessity of tackling the problem of translating the religious terms involved. As for the TV series, <em>Supernatural</em>, the whole episode deals with God, angels, demons and Satan. It remains to be said that this paper does not claim to give decisive answers to the questions posed by the research, but only aspires to pave the way before further research on the topic and related issues.</p>

scholarly journals What Have We Learned about the Microbiomes of Indoor Environments?

mSystems ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Human Health ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Advanced Knowledge ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT The advent and application of high-throughput molecular techniques for analyzing microbial communities in the indoor environment have led to illuminating findings and are beginning to change the way we think about human health in relation to the built environment. Here I review recent studies on the microbiology of the built environment, organize their findings into 12 major thematic categories, and comment on how these studies have or have not advanced knowledge in each area beyond what we already knew from over 100 years of applying culture-based methods to building samples. The advent and application of high-throughput molecular techniques for analyzing microbial communities in the indoor environment have led to illuminating findings and are beginning to change the way we think about human health in relation to the built environment. Here I review recent studies on the microbiology of the built environment, organize their findings into 12 major thematic categories, and comment on how these studies have or have not advanced knowledge in each area beyond what we already knew from over 100 years of applying culture-based methods to building samples. I propose that while we have added tremendous complexity to the rich existing knowledge base, the practical implications of this added complexity remain somewhat elusive. It remains to be seen how this new knowledge base will change how we design, build, and operate buildings. Much more research is needed to better understand the complexity with which indoor microbiomes may affect human health in both positive and negative ways.

scholarly journals Measuring Online Learning Readiness during Corona Virus Pandemic: an Evaluative Survey on History Teachers and Students in Tembilahan, Riau, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atqo Akmal
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Learning Readiness ◽  
History Teachers ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Online Learning Readiness ◽  
The Way

Corona virus pandemic has rapidly changed the way of life, as well as the way of learning system in entire world. The need of information and communication technology (ICT) competencies and improved digital infrastructure are the main requirement to conducting the distance or online learning, In addition, both teacher and student must be adapted with this “abnormal” condition. Since the online learning or distance learning has been officially applied by Indonesian government at March 2020 then extended to unknown end time (the end of pandemic), a massive overhaul and evaluation are needed to begin a “new normal” learning period. This is an evaluative survey study about the online learning readiness during pandemic. The data has been collected equally using online survey platform from three hundreds high school students in the rural and urban region; and thirty history teachers. Based on the research, mainly students and teacher are not well prepared and fully ready for conducted online learning due to technical problems such as stability of internet access, internet network availability, and financial issue. Consequently, in long-term effect, the unbalanced in preparation of online learning could be resulted in digital divided which raise the inequality of quality education between the learners. 

scholarly journals Distance learning: challenges of mass transition to online earning education

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
D.N. Ivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Distant Learning ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
Web Camera ◽  
The Way

Discussed is the problem of some range of challenges, specific for the Russian system of education on the way to massive distant learning in the first half of 2020. The article raises two main questions. The first is the question of providing the conformity of technical requirements, needed for functioning of programs, applying for distant learning, with technical capabilities of computers and other gadgets, that students use to get access to online education programs. Author concludes, that this problem may be partially solved by optimization programs for distant learning for using with low end technic. The second question is the way to make impossible student’s cheating while the attestation including fake technical problems (such as non-working web-camera). The author makes the conclusion about necessity of adding to the distant learning complex special addon for monitoring student’s gadgets during the intermediate certification: its operability, using programs and apps in time of exam.

scholarly journals From Impure to Purified Silver Nanoparticles: Advances and Timeline in Separation Methods

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3407
Author(s):  
Catarina S. M. Martins ◽  
Helena B. A. Sousa ◽  
João A. V. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Synthesis Medium

AgNPs have exceptional characteristics that depend on their size and shape. Over the past years, there has been an exponential increase in applications of nanoparticles (NPs), especially the silver ones (AgNPs), in several areas, such as, for example, electronics; environmental, pharmaceutical, and toxicological applications; theragnostics; and medical treatments, among others. This growing use has led to a greater exposure of humans to AgNPs and a higher risk to human health and the environment. This risk becomes more aggravated when the AgNPs are used without purification or separation from the synthesis medium, in which the hazardous synthesis precursors remain unseparated from the NPs and constitute a severe risk for unnecessary environmental contamination. This review examines the situation of the available separation methods of AgNPs from crude suspensions or real samples. Different separation techniques are reviewed, and relevant data are discussed, with a focus on the sustainability and efficiency of AgNPs separation methods.

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