The genus Dirina (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) revisited

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders TEHLER ◽  
Damien ERTZ ◽  
Martin IRESTEDT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Asexual Morphs ◽  
Β Tubulin

AbstractDirina (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) is a monophyletic genus of crustose, saxicolous or corticolous lichenized fungi. Twenty-four species are accepted in the genus, including nine new species: Dirina angolana, D. arabica, D. astridae, D. canariensis, D. indica, D. madagascariensis, D. pacifica, D. pallescens and D. sorocarpa. A phylogenetic hypothesis is presented based on data from four molecular markers, β-tubulin, ITS 1 and 2, nuLSU and RPB2, including all recognized Dirina species worldwide. New combinations proposed include Dirina badia for Roccellina badia, Dirina jamesii for Roccellina jamesii, Dirina candida for Chiodecton candidum and Dirina teichiodes for Lecidea teichiodes. Two species are reinstated: Dirina approximata and D. monothalamia (as a new name of Chiodecton africanum). Asexual morphs described earlier at the rank forma are no longer recognized as taxonomic units viz., Dirina catalinariae f. sorediata, D. insulana f. sorediata, D. massiliensis f. sorediata, D. paradoxa ssp. paradoxa f. sorediata and D. massiliensis f. aponina. One species, Dirina calcicola, is transferred to Fulvophyton and two other species, Dirina insulae-howensis and Dirina neozelandica, are transferred to Schismatomma. Dirina follmannii is not accepted in Dirina and placed as incertae sedis. A key to the species of Dirina is provided. Vicariance through plate tectonics and continental drift versus long distance dispersal to explain biogeographical patterns is discussed.

First freshwater gastropod preserved in amber suggests long-distance dispersal during the Cretaceous Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Thomas A. Neubauer ◽  
Adrienne Jochum
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cretaceous Period ◽  
Globally Distributed

Abstract Burmese amber continues to provide unique insights into the terrestrial biota inhabiting tropical equatorial forests during mid-Cretaceous time. In contrast to the large amount and great diversity of terrestrial species retrieved so far, aquatic biota constitute rare inclusions. Here we describe the first freshwater snail ever preserved in amber. The new species Galba prima sp. nov. belongs in the family Lymnaeidae, today a diverse and near globally distributed family. Its inclusion in terrestrial amber is probably a result of the amphibious lifestyle typical of modern representatives of the genus. The finding of a freshwater snail on the Burma Terrane, back then an island situated at some 1500 km from mainland Asia, has implications for the dispersal mechanisms of Mesozoic lymnaeids. The Cenomanian species precedes the evolution of waterfowl, which are today considered a main vector for long-distance dispersal. In their absence, we discuss several hypotheses to explain the disjunct occurrence of the new species.

Graphis and Allographa (lichenized Ascomycota: Graphidaceae) in Sri Lanka, with six new species and a biogeographical comparison investigating a potential signature of the ‘biotic ferry’ species interchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-559
Author(s):  
Gothamie WEERAKOON ◽  
André APTROOT ◽  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Omal ARACHCHIGE ◽  
Siril WIJESUNDARA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

AbstractWe provide an updated survey for Sri Lanka of species of Graphis sensu Staiger, recently divided into Graphis s. str. and Allographa, including brief descriptions and a key to all 124 species currently known. Six new species are described: Allographa bambusicola Weerakoon, Lücking & Aptroot, a bambusicolous Allographa with entire labia, a laterally carbonized excipulum, 80–100 × 15–17 µm large, muriform ascospores and a rather thick, irregularly verrucose lateral thalline margin of the lirellae; A. weerasooriyana Weerakoon, Arachchige & Lücking, a corticolous Allographa resembling A. rustica Kremp. in overall anatomy and chemistry, but with a verrucose thalline margin of the lirellae and labia not distinctly raised above the thalline margin; Graphis flosculifera Weerakoon, Lücking & Aptroot, a corticolous Graphis resembling G. insulana but differing in the unique disposition of the lirellae and the slightly more elongate ascospores; G. rajapakshana Weerakoon, Lücking & Aptroot, a corticolous Graphis resembling G. desquamescens, including in ascospore size, but with lirellae with a distinct lateral thalline margin; G. rimosothallina Weerakoon, Lücking & Aptroot, a corticolous Graphis with a thick, uneven, rimose thallus and Fissurina-like lirellae, a completely carbonized excipulum and transversely 7-septate ascospores, 32–37 × 8–10 µm; and G. thunsinhalayensis Weerakoon, Arachchige & Lücking, a corticolous Graphis resembling G. subalbostriata but with smaller ascospores and lacking white lines between the striae of the labia. We also validate the name G. verrucoserpens Lücking. A total of 106 species are reported here for the first time from Sri Lanka. A biogeographical comparison with two other well-sampled countries (Costa Rica and Thailand) revealed a significantly higher similarity in species composition with Costa Rica than between Thailand and Costa Rica, suggesting a potential signature of the ‘biotic ferry’ hypothesis, that is the migration of lineages from Gondwana (partly corresponding to the modern Neotropics) via the north-eastwards drifting Indian subcontinent and subsequent interchange with Laurasia (partly corresponding to the modern eastern Paleotropics). However, the evolutionary timeline of the clades involved does not support this hypothesis and suggests an alternative explanation of geologically more recent mid- to long-distance dispersal.

Eunice sensu latu (Annelida: Eunicidae) from Australia: description of seven new species and comments on previously reported species of the genera Eunice, Leodice and Nicidion

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4748 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
JOANA ZANOL ◽  
PAT A. HUTCHINGS ◽  
KRISTIAN FAUCHALD
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis

Species traditionally considered to belong to Eunice are now, also, distributed in two other genera Leodice and Nicidion recently resurrected to reconcile Eunicidae taxonomy with its phylogenetic hypothesis. In Australia, Eunice species have been reported from all seas and sum up to 22 species. In this study, we propose 10 new combinations for traditional Eunice species, which should be moved to Leodice; describe seven new species, four of Eunice and three of Leodice; and comment on species previous recorded from the Australian Coast. Previous records of E. denticulata, E. filamentosa, E. grubei, E. indica, E. longicirris, E. microprion, E. paupera, E. tridentata, E. tubifex and E. vittata from Australia are considered dubious. Eunice tribranchiata, originally described from Australian specimens, is considered here to be an indeterminable species. This study also includes descriptions of Eunice, Leodice and Nicidion as well as key to these genera and their species recorded from Australia. 

New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Crotoniidae) from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands: further evidence of long-distance dispersal events in the biogeography of a genus of Gondwanan relict oribatid mites

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2650 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. COLLOFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Norfolk Island

Three new species of oribatid mite belonging to the genus Crotonia are described: one from Lord Howe Island (C. gorgonia sp. nov.) and two (C. norfolkensis sp. nov. and C. utricularia sp. nov.) from Norfolk Island, South-west Pacific. Crotonia gorgonia sp. nov. belongs to the Capistrata species group which reaches its highest diversity in Australia but is absent from New Zealand. Crotonia norfolkensis sp. nov. is a member of the Cophinaria group, recorded from Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, but with closest morphological similarity to C. brachyrostrum (Hammer, 1966) from New Zealand. Crotonia utricularia sp. nov. belongs to the Unguifera group, which reaches its highest diversity in New Zealand, is absent from Australia, and is present on Vanuatu and the Marquesas. The distribution of members of the species-groups of Crotonia in the south-western Pacific indicates that the species from Lord Howe Island has affinities with species from Australia, while the species from Norfolk Island are both most similar to species from New Zealand, and represents further evidence of the capacity of Crotonia spp. for long-distance dispersal to oceanic islands.

scholarly journals Back to Gondwanaland: can ancient vicariance explain (some) Indian Ocean disjunct plant distributions?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 20150086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Pirie ◽  
Glenn Litsios ◽  
Dirk U. Bellstedt ◽  
Nicolas Salamin ◽  
Jonathan Kissling
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Strong Assumption ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Age Constraints

Oceans, or other wide expanses of inhospitable environment, interrupt present day distributions of many plant groups. Using molecular dating techniques, generally incorporating fossil evidence, we can estimate when such distributions originated. Numerous dating analyses have recently precipitated a paradigm shift in the general explanations for the phenomenon, away from older geological causes, such as continental drift, in favour of more recent, long-distance dispersal (LDD). For example, the ‘Gondwanan vicariance’ scenario has been dismissed in various studies of Indian Ocean disjunct distributions. We used the gentian tribe Exaceae to reassess this scenario using molecular dating with minimum (fossil), maximum (geological), secondary (from wider analyses) and hypothesis-driven age constraints. Our results indicate that ancient vicariance cannot be ruled out as an explanation for the early origins of Exaceae across Africa, Madagascar and the Indian subcontinent unless a strong assumption is made about the maximum age of Gentianales. However, both the Gondwanan scenario and the available evidence suggest that there were also several, more recent, intercontinental dispersals during the diversification of the group.

Long distance dispersal, overland migration and extinction in the shaping of tropical African floras

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. White
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships

The distribution, ecology, probable modes of dispersal and taxonomic relationships of five species of Chrysobalanaceae and one of Meliaceae and Hernandiaceae are summarized. Most of these show trans-oceanic disjunctions and, in Africa, behave as ecological and chorological transgressors; morphologically they are variable. The potential importance of transgressors in the origin of new species and of evolutionary innovations, and in the interpretation of disjunctions is discussed.

Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2840 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MACIEJ SKORACKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Quill Mites ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Parasite

The fauna of quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) of the Palaearctic Region is comprehensively revised. The external morphology of adults and immature instars was studied in detail. All known 118 species grouped in 32 genera and 2 subfamilies occuring in the Palaearctic Region are examined and keyed. Critical reviews of host associations, occupying habitat, and distribution are given for all mite species. Six new genera are proposed, 4 in the subfamily Syringophilinae: Betasyringophiloidus gen. nov., Krantziaulonastus gen. nov., Paraniglarobia gen. nov., Pteroclidisyringophilus gen. nov.; and 2 in the subfamily Picobiinae: Neopicobia gen. nov., and Rafapicobia gen. nov. Twenty five new species are described in the subfamily Syringophilinae: Aulobia leucostictus sp. nov., Aulonastus lanius sp. nov., A. loxius sp. nov., A. anthus sp. nov., A. fringillus sp. nov., Betasyringophiloidus saxicolus sp. nov., B. phoenicurus sp. nov., Krantziaulonastus oryzivorus sp. nov., K. lonchurus sp. nov., Meitingsunes columbicus sp. nov., Neoaulonastus remizus sp. nov., N. caligatus sp. nov., N. aegithalos sp. nov., N. picidus sp. nov., N. riparius sp. nov., Selenonycha chradriiformicus sp. nov., Syringophiloidus philomelosus sp. nov., S. petronicus sp. nov., S. parapresentalis sp. nov., S. coccothraustes sp. nov., Syringophilopsis idunae sp. nov., S. muscicapus sp. nov., S. passericus sp. nov., S. nucifragus sp. nov., Torotrogla pycnonotus sp. nov. and five new species are described in the subfamily Picobiinae: Picobia cetti sp. nov., P. riparius sp. nov., P. eremophila sp. nov., P. galerida sp. nov., and Rafapicobia zirnitra sp. nov. The following new combinations are proposed: Aulobia stachyris (Bochkov et al., 2000) comb. nov., Betasyringophiloidus motacillae (Bochkov and Mironov, 1998) comb. nov., B. schoeniclus (Skoracki, 2002) comb. nov., Columbiphilus alectoris (Fain et al., 2000) comb. nov., Columbiphilus polonica (Skoracki et al., 2001) comb. nov., C. pteroclesi (Skoracki and OConnor, 2010) comb. nov., Cuculisyringophilus chirovi (Bochkov and Mironov, 1998) comb. nov., Krantziaulonastus buczekae (Skoracki, 2002) comb. nov., Krantziaulonastus galbulicus (Skoracki, 2008) comb. nov., Neoaulonastus bisetatus (Fritsch, 1958) comb. nov., Neopicobia anthi (Fritsch, 1958) comb. nov., Neopicobia cardinalis (Skoracki et al., 2010) comb. nov., N. carpodacus (Skoracki et al., 2010) comb. nov., N. epthianura (Skoracki et al., 2008) comb. nov., N. glossopsitta (Skoracki et al., 2008) comb. nov., N. locustella (Skoracki et al., 2004) comb. nov., N. modularis (Skoracki and Magowski, 2001) comb. nov., N. pyrrholaemus (Skoracki and Glowska, 2008) comb. nov., N. troglodytes (Skoracki et al., 2010) comb. nov., N. zumpti (Lawrence, 1959) comb. nov., Paraniglarobia calidridis (Bochkov and Mironov, 1998) comb. nov., Paraniglarobia skorackii (Bochkov and Galloway, 2004) comb. nov., Pteroclidisyringophilus re (Skoracki and OConnor, 2010) comb. nov. Three species are considered as incertae sedis: Picobia brotogeris Fain et al., 2000, P. leucophaeus Skoracki et al., 2010, P. poicephali Skoracki and Dabert, 2002. Keys to the syringophilid genera and all Palaearctic species are provided. Main aspects of host–parasite relationships are discussed.

scholarly journals Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Raysa Brito de MAGALHÃES ◽  
Daniela M. Takiya
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
California Academy ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
One New Species

The leafhopper tribe Platyjassini, endemic to Madagascar, is revised, largely based on specimens obtained in a recent bioinventory project led by the California Academy of Sciences. Platyjassini was previously known based on the type genus, Platyjassus Evans, 1953, and four described species. Betsileonas marmorata (Blanchard, 1840), the largest leafhopper recorded from Madagascar, presently known from a few specimens collected > 100 years ago and recently considered a genus and species incertae sedis within Cicadellidae, is newly placed in Platyjassini. Fourteen new genera and 54 new species are described and illustrated, and three new combinations are proposed. Pachyjassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Pachyjassus alatus sp. nov., Pachyjassus basifurcatus sp. nov. and Pachyjassus ranomafanensis sp. nov. Pallijassus gen. nov. is erected to include two species previously placed in Platyjassus, Pallijassus reticulatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov. and Pallijassus stenospatulatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov. Petalojassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Petalojassus ochrescens sp. nov. Phaiojassus gen. nov. includes seven new species: Phaiojassus acutus sp. nov., Phaiojassus bispinosus sp. nov., Phaiojassus constrictus sp. nov., Phaiojassus grandis sp. nov., Phaiojassus spatulatus sp. nov., Phaiojassus undulatus sp. nov. and Phaiojassus unispinosus sp. nov. Pictojassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Pictojassus kirindiensis sp. nov., Pictojassus productus sp. nov. and Pictojassus tulearensis sp. nov. Platyjassella gen. nov. includes six new species: Platyjassella ancora sp. nov., Platyjassella andohahelensis sp. nov., Platyjassella attenuata sp. nov., Platyjassella cormorana sp. nov., Platyjassella emarginata sp. nov. and Platyjassella immaculata sp. nov. Platyjassula gen. nov. includes four new species: Platyjassula cyclura sp. nov., Platyjassula heterofurca sp. nov., Platyjassula isofurca sp. nov. and Platyjassula mahajangensis sp. nov. In addition to the type species, Platyjassus viridis Evans, 1953, Platyjassus includes 11 new species: Platyjassus acutus sp. nov., Platyjassus asymmetricus sp. nov., Platyjassus fisheri sp. nov., Platyjassus griswoldi sp. nov., Platyjassus harinhalai sp. nov., Platyjassus irwini sp. nov., Platyjassus pedistylus sp. nov., Platyjassus pennyi sp. nov., Platyjassus pictipennis sp. nov., Platyjassus symmetricus sp. nov. and Platyjassus vestigius sp. nov. Plerujassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Plerujassus brunnescens sp. nov., in addition to Plerujassus appendiculatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov., previously placed in Platyjassus. Plexijassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Plexijassus caliginosus sp. nov. Pseudocurtara gen. nov. includes three new species: Pseudocurtara minima sp. nov., Pseudocurtara nigripicta sp. nov. and Pseudocurtara quadrata sp. nov. Pseudocyrta gen. nov. includes one new species, Pseudocyrta hyalina sp. nov. Pseudomarganana gen. nov. includes two new species: Pseudomarganana olivacea sp. nov. and Pseudomarganana rosea sp. nov. Pulchrijassus gen. nov. includes eight new species: Pulchrijassus anjozorobensis sp. nov., Pulchrijassus eunsunae sp. nov., Pulchrijassus pallescens sp. nov., Pulchrijassus roseus sp. nov., Pulchrijassus rubrilineatus sp. nov., Pulchrijassus sindhuae sp. nov., Pulchrijassus talatakelyensis sp. nov. and Pulchrijassus toamasinensis sp. nov. Punctijassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Punctijassus circularis sp. nov., Punctijassus compressus sp. nov. and Punctijassus ivohibensis sp. nov. Illustrated keys to genera and species are provided.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Eulibitia Roewer, 1912 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cosmetidae), with the description of five new species

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Medrano ◽  
Adriano B. Kury
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Incertae Sedis

The genus Eulibitia was described by Roewer including three species from Colombia and Ecuador: Eulibitia maculata Roewer, 1912, E. annulipes Roewer, 1912 and E. sexpunctata Roewer, 1914. Herein, the genus is revisited and only the type species, Eulibitia maculata Roewer, 1912 is maintained from the previous configuration. Eulibitia sexpunctata is transferred to Ambatoiella Mello- Leitão, 1943 and E. annulipes is considered as Cosmetinae incertae sedis. Acromares lateralis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1943 and Paramessa castanea (Sørensen, 1932) are here considered junior subjective synonyms of Messatana scalaris (Sørensen, 1932) and Eulibitia maculata, respectively. Brachylibitia Mello-Leitão, 1941, currently a junior synonym of Platymessa, is regarded as a synonym of Eulibitia. Platymessa Mello-Leitão, 1941, with two species, and the monotypic genera Messatana Strand, 1942 and Paramessa Mello-Leitão, 1933, are synonymized with Eulibitia Roewer, 1912, yielding the following new combinations: Eulibitia ectroxantha (for Brachylibitia ectroxantha Mello-Leitão, 1941), E. h-inscriptum (for Platymessa h-inscripta Mello-Leitão, 1941) and E. scalaris (for Libitia (Messa) scalaris Sørensen, 1932). Eulibitia is re-diagnosed and five new species are described: E. castor sp. nov., E. pollux sp. nov., E. clytemnestra sp. nov., E. leda sp. nov. and E. helena sp. nov. A key to the nine Eulibitia species is presented; the morphology of Eulibitia is compared with that of Libitia, Libitiella and Ambatoiella.

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