Long distance dispersal, overland migration and extinction in the shaping of tropical African floras

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. White
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships

The distribution, ecology, probable modes of dispersal and taxonomic relationships of five species of Chrysobalanaceae and one of Meliaceae and Hernandiaceae are summarized. Most of these show trans-oceanic disjunctions and, in Africa, behave as ecological and chorological transgressors; morphologically they are variable. The potential importance of transgressors in the origin of new species and of evolutionary innovations, and in the interpretation of disjunctions is discussed.

First freshwater gastropod preserved in amber suggests long-distance dispersal during the Cretaceous Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Thomas A. Neubauer ◽  
Adrienne Jochum
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cretaceous Period ◽  
Globally Distributed

Abstract Burmese amber continues to provide unique insights into the terrestrial biota inhabiting tropical equatorial forests during mid-Cretaceous time. In contrast to the large amount and great diversity of terrestrial species retrieved so far, aquatic biota constitute rare inclusions. Here we describe the first freshwater snail ever preserved in amber. The new species Galba prima sp. nov. belongs in the family Lymnaeidae, today a diverse and near globally distributed family. Its inclusion in terrestrial amber is probably a result of the amphibious lifestyle typical of modern representatives of the genus. The finding of a freshwater snail on the Burma Terrane, back then an island situated at some 1500 km from mainland Asia, has implications for the dispersal mechanisms of Mesozoic lymnaeids. The Cenomanian species precedes the evolution of waterfowl, which are today considered a main vector for long-distance dispersal. In their absence, we discuss several hypotheses to explain the disjunct occurrence of the new species.

Graphis and Allographa (lichenized Ascomycota: Graphidaceae) in Sri Lanka, with six new species and a biogeographical comparison investigating a potential signature of the ‘biotic ferry’ species interchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-559
Author(s):  
Gothamie WEERAKOON ◽  
André APTROOT ◽  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Omal ARACHCHIGE ◽  
Siril WIJESUNDARA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

AbstractWe provide an updated survey for Sri Lanka of species of Graphis sensu Staiger, recently divided into Graphis s. str. and Allographa, including brief descriptions and a key to all 124 species currently known. Six new species are described: Allographa bambusicola Weerakoon, Lücking & Aptroot, a bambusicolous Allographa with entire labia, a laterally carbonized excipulum, 80–100 × 15–17 µm large, muriform ascospores and a rather thick, irregularly verrucose lateral thalline margin of the lirellae; A. weerasooriyana Weerakoon, Arachchige & Lücking, a corticolous Allographa resembling A. rustica Kremp. in overall anatomy and chemistry, but with a verrucose thalline margin of the lirellae and labia not distinctly raised above the thalline margin; Graphis flosculifera Weerakoon, Lücking & Aptroot, a corticolous Graphis resembling G. insulana but differing in the unique disposition of the lirellae and the slightly more elongate ascospores; G. rajapakshana Weerakoon, Lücking & Aptroot, a corticolous Graphis resembling G. desquamescens, including in ascospore size, but with lirellae with a distinct lateral thalline margin; G. rimosothallina Weerakoon, Lücking & Aptroot, a corticolous Graphis with a thick, uneven, rimose thallus and Fissurina-like lirellae, a completely carbonized excipulum and transversely 7-septate ascospores, 32–37 × 8–10 µm; and G. thunsinhalayensis Weerakoon, Arachchige & Lücking, a corticolous Graphis resembling G. subalbostriata but with smaller ascospores and lacking white lines between the striae of the labia. We also validate the name G. verrucoserpens Lücking. A total of 106 species are reported here for the first time from Sri Lanka. A biogeographical comparison with two other well-sampled countries (Costa Rica and Thailand) revealed a significantly higher similarity in species composition with Costa Rica than between Thailand and Costa Rica, suggesting a potential signature of the ‘biotic ferry’ hypothesis, that is the migration of lineages from Gondwana (partly corresponding to the modern Neotropics) via the north-eastwards drifting Indian subcontinent and subsequent interchange with Laurasia (partly corresponding to the modern eastern Paleotropics). However, the evolutionary timeline of the clades involved does not support this hypothesis and suggests an alternative explanation of geologically more recent mid- to long-distance dispersal.

The genus Dirina (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) revisited

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders TEHLER ◽  
Damien ERTZ ◽  
Martin IRESTEDT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Asexual Morphs ◽  
Β Tubulin

AbstractDirina (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) is a monophyletic genus of crustose, saxicolous or corticolous lichenized fungi. Twenty-four species are accepted in the genus, including nine new species: Dirina angolana, D. arabica, D. astridae, D. canariensis, D. indica, D. madagascariensis, D. pacifica, D. pallescens and D. sorocarpa. A phylogenetic hypothesis is presented based on data from four molecular markers, β-tubulin, ITS 1 and 2, nuLSU and RPB2, including all recognized Dirina species worldwide. New combinations proposed include Dirina badia for Roccellina badia, Dirina jamesii for Roccellina jamesii, Dirina candida for Chiodecton candidum and Dirina teichiodes for Lecidea teichiodes. Two species are reinstated: Dirina approximata and D. monothalamia (as a new name of Chiodecton africanum). Asexual morphs described earlier at the rank forma are no longer recognized as taxonomic units viz., Dirina catalinariae f. sorediata, D. insulana f. sorediata, D. massiliensis f. sorediata, D. paradoxa ssp. paradoxa f. sorediata and D. massiliensis f. aponina. One species, Dirina calcicola, is transferred to Fulvophyton and two other species, Dirina insulae-howensis and Dirina neozelandica, are transferred to Schismatomma. Dirina follmannii is not accepted in Dirina and placed as incertae sedis. A key to the species of Dirina is provided. Vicariance through plate tectonics and continental drift versus long distance dispersal to explain biogeographical patterns is discussed.

New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Crotoniidae) from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands: further evidence of long-distance dispersal events in the biogeography of a genus of Gondwanan relict oribatid mites

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2650 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. COLLOFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Norfolk Island

Three new species of oribatid mite belonging to the genus Crotonia are described: one from Lord Howe Island (C. gorgonia sp. nov.) and two (C. norfolkensis sp. nov. and C. utricularia sp. nov.) from Norfolk Island, South-west Pacific. Crotonia gorgonia sp. nov. belongs to the Capistrata species group which reaches its highest diversity in Australia but is absent from New Zealand. Crotonia norfolkensis sp. nov. is a member of the Cophinaria group, recorded from Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, but with closest morphological similarity to C. brachyrostrum (Hammer, 1966) from New Zealand. Crotonia utricularia sp. nov. belongs to the Unguifera group, which reaches its highest diversity in New Zealand, is absent from Australia, and is present on Vanuatu and the Marquesas. The distribution of members of the species-groups of Crotonia in the south-western Pacific indicates that the species from Lord Howe Island has affinities with species from Australia, while the species from Norfolk Island are both most similar to species from New Zealand, and represents further evidence of the capacity of Crotonia spp. for long-distance dispersal to oceanic islands.

New species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) indicate long-distance dispersal between western South Atlantic deep-sea basins

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3254 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SCHÜLLER ◽  
P. A. HUTCHINGS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Distance Distribution ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Anterior Segments

During the expedition DIVA 3 in summer 2009, six new species of the genus Terebellides (Trichobranchidae) were discoveredfrom the deep Argentine and Brazil basins. Five of these (Terebellides gingko sp. n., Terebellides banalis sp. n., Terebellidesbulbosa sp. n., Terebellides concertina sp. n., Terebellides diva sp. n.) are formally described herein; the sixth species is onlybriefly described as it was represented by only a single specimen. While most species were represented by a few specimensfrom a single basin, T. gingko sp. n., was found in relative high abundances in both basins. Molecular analyses of 16S rDNAsequences confirmed the long-distance distribution of this species. Although branchiae are lost in the majority of specimensfound, all new species can clearly be separated from each other and Terebellides species formerly reported for shallow westernSouth Atlantic waters by the relationships between head structures and anterior segments, and the shape of thoracic and anterior uncini, presenting evidence for a diverse and previously undescribed diversity of Trichobranchidae in the world’s deep seas.

scholarly journals Feaella (Tetrafeaella) obscura sp. nov. – a new pseudoscorpion species from the Maldives (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones), and an updated identification key to the subgenus Feaella (Tetrafeaella)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-779
Author(s):  
János Novák ◽  
Michelle Lorenz ◽  
Danilo Harms
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
A New Species

The Feaellidae Ellingsen, 1906 is a small but ancient family of pseudoscorpions with 20 extant species across the Southern Hemisphere, and fossils from the Lower Cretaceous of Myanmar and the Eocoene of Europe. Here, we describe and illustrate Feaella (Tetrafeaella) obscurasp. nov. as a new species from the Maldives archipelago in the Indian Ocean. This is the first record of Feaella from a young oceanic island and may indicate a potential for long-distance dispersal in this lineage. We also elevate Feaella (T.) capensis nana Beier, 1966 to full species rank as F. (T.) nana Beier, 1966 and provide an identification key to the members of the subgenus Feaella (Tetrafeaella), thereby facilitating the identification of species.

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