scholarly journals The effect of agriculture management and fire on epiphytic lichens on holm oak trees in the eastern Iberian Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac GARRIDO-BENAVENT ◽  
Esteve LLOP ◽  
Antonio GÓMEZ-BOLEA
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Agriculture Management

AbstractFor a long time, agriculture and recurrent fires have been the main factors promoting diversity changes in Mediterranean areas. We examined the effect of irrigated and non-irrigated crops and fires on the epiphytic lichen diversity of holm oak trees in the Vall d'Albaida region (Valencia, Spain). Lichen diversity was studied by calculating the LDV (Lichen Diversity Value) and the proportion of functional groups. No significant differences were observed between areas located near irrigated or non-irrigated crops. Fire-affected areas tended to harbour lower LDV and species richness than those influenced by agriculture. By using lichen functional groups, it has been shown that eutrophication tolerance, substratum pH affinity and, to some extent, thallus growth form are the main factors driving epiphytic lichen diversity in this rural area.

Ecological Highway Slope Stability Analysis by Inversion Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2161-2166
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao Gao ◽  
Guo Feng Xiao ◽  
Hai Qiang Miao
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Time Inversion ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Reinforcement Design ◽  
Rock And Soil

Side slop losing stability is one of the main factors which greatly influences freeway expedite construction, especially after side slop losing stability the determination of rock and soil mechanics parameter may take a long time. Inversion method to analyze slope stability can preferably solve the problem. During the treatment of the ecological freeway landslide, we can not obtain important Parameters due to great disparity of sample Parameters of landslide. However, using inversion method to get cohesion and internal friction Angle, and anglicizing its sensitivity during calculation of stability can identify reliable Parameters. According to slope stability calculus, the ecological reinforcement design scheme come into effect.

scholarly journals Propagation of mature Quercus ilex L. (holm oak) trees by somatic embryogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Martínez ◽  
M. C. San José ◽  
A. M. Vieitez ◽  
M. J. Cernadas ◽  
A. Ballester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Oak Trees

Response of Evernia prunastri to urban environmental conditions in Central Europe after the decrease of air pollution

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna LACKOVIČOVÁ ◽  
Anna GUTTOVÁ ◽  
Martin BAČKOR ◽  
Peter PIŠÚT ◽  
Ivan PIŠÚT
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractThe epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri is sensitive to air pollution and reacted by total retreat to the worsening of air quality during the peak of SO2 pollution in Central Europe (1950s–1990). Since 1990, after a significant decrease in air pollution, epiphytic lichens recolonized previously polluted areas, including E. prunastri. We investigated the physiological status of E. prunastri, transplanted for six months in 34 sites in the urban area of Bratislava (Slovakia) under current conditions. The content of chlorophylls, cortical and medullar secondary metabolites and soluble proteins were explored. We then examined the relationship of these parameters with the environmental quality status, reflected by the diversity of epiphytic lichens. The results showed that the physiological status of E. prunastri did not change significantly after exposure. Positive correlations were found between lichen diversity in the sampling sites and physiological parameters (photosynthetic pigments and phaeophytinization quotient) in the transplants. Transplants from sampling sites with a greater proportion of nitrophilous lichens displayed a decrease in photosynthetic pigments. Sites where E. prunastri naturally occurred had a lower proportion of nitrophilous species in comparison to sites where E. prunastri was not present. This suggests that the indicator species E. prunastri may also recolonize sites with low eutrophication in urban environments under decreased air pollution, and the information on its presence can help to assess the pressure caused by nitrogen excess.

scholarly journals Topographic and forest-stand variables determining epiphytic lichen diversity in the primeval beech forest in the Ukrainian Carpathians

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Dymytrova ◽  
Olga Nadyeina ◽  
Martina L. Hobi ◽  
Christoph Scheidegger
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Lichen Diversity

New Technology with Porous Materials; Progress in the Development of the Diesel Vehicle Business

2011 ◽  
Vol 484 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Kazushige Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Common Rail System ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Diesel Vehicle

The long time of twenty years has passed since Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) was proposed before the practical use. The main factors that DPF has been put to practical use in this time, are the same time proposal of the evaluation method of SiC porous materials linked to the performance on the vehicle, and that the nature of thermal shock required for the soot regeneration (combustion of soot) in the DPF is different from the conventional requirement for the rather rapid thermal shock. For the requirements, these include demonstrating utmost the characteristic of SiC’s high thermal conductivity, and overcoming the difficulty of thermal expansion of SiC-DPF by dividing the filter into segments binding with the cement of lower Young’s modulus, and the innovation of technology around the diesel exhaust system such as Common-Rail system. As the results of these, the cumulative shipments of SiC-DPF have reached about 13 million, and it goes at no claim in the market.

scholarly journals Critical loads of nitrogen deposition and critical levels of atmospheric ammonia for mediterranean evergreen woodlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11139-11163
Author(s):  
P. Pinho ◽  
M. R. Theobald ◽  
T. Dias ◽  
Y. S. Tang ◽  
C. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) has emerged in recent years as a key factor associated with global changes, with impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems functioning and human health. In order to ameliorate the effects of excessive N, safety thresholds have been established, such as critical loads (deposition fluxes) and levels (concentrations). For Mediterranean ecosystems, few studies have been carried out to assess these parameters. Our objective was therefore to determine the critical loads of N deposition and long-term critical levels of atmospheric ammonia for Mediterranean evergreen woodlands. For that we have considered changes in epiphytic lichen communities, which have been shown to be one of the most sensitive to excessive N. Based on a classification of lichen species according to their tolerance to N we grouped species into response functional groups, which we used as a tool to determine the critical loads and levels. This was done under Mediterranean climate, in evergreen cork-oak woodlands, by sampling lichen functional diversity and annual atmospheric ammonia concentrations and modelling N deposition downwind from a reduced N source (a cattle barn). By modelling the highly significant relationship between lichen functional groups and N deposition, the critical load was estimated to be below 26 kg (N) ha−1 yr−1, which is within the upper range established for other semi-natural ecosystems. By modelling the highly significant relationship of lichen functional groups with annual atmospheric ammonia concentration, the critical level was estimated to be below 1.9 μg m−3, in agreement with recent studies for other ecosystems. Taking into account the high sensitivity of lichen communities to excessive N, these values should be taken into account in policies that aim at protecting Mediterranean woodlands from the initial effects of excessive N.

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