A molecular phylogenetic evaluation of the Ramalina siliquosa complex, with notes on species circumscription and relationships within Ramalina

AbstractLichens of the Ramalina siliquosa complex dominate seashore cliffs in Europe and South-East Asia, but their taxonomy has been vigorously debated for over a century. On many cliffs, they exhibit a bewildering zonation of chemotypes that resembles the classic zonation of organisms that occupy the littoral zone below. Do the chemotypes represent separate species, or infraspecific variation? To better understand the systematics of this group, sequences from four genetic loci (ITS, IGS, RPB1 and RPB2) were obtained for 59 samples from Denmark, France, Iceland, Norway, UK, Japan and Korea, including all major chemotypes. Maximum likelihood analysis of these sequences, together with sequences from 36 other Ramalina species, reveals that the complex comprises two distinct phylogenetic lineages, each including multiple chemotypes. These two putative species-level lineages correspond to the currently accepted taxa R. cuspidata and R. siliquosa. There is no evidence that these two taxa are phylogenetic sister species. Consequently, the explanation of this chemotype complex as an example of ‘sibling speciation’ is rejected. Specimens traditionally called ‘R. siliquosa’ from South-East Asia form a third clade, identified here as R. semicuspidata, with an additional, divaricatic acid chemotype. Other results include a robustly supported clade of Ramalina species that produce medullary depsides and depsidones; this clade includes another well-supported clade of south-eastern United States coastal plain and tropical Ramalina species. By contrast, large, strap-shaped Ramalina species that lack medullary depsides and depsidones occur in separate lineages. In addition, close relationships between the following groups of species are indicated: R. farinacea with R. subfarinacea; R. fraxinea with R. leptocarpha, R. menziesii and R. subleptocarpha; R. sinensis with R. unifolia. Furthermore, a new, variolaric acid-only chemotype is reported for R. farinacea, and a new, acid-deficient chemotype is reported for a more broadly circumscribed R. culbersoniorum.

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A new Indo-Malayan family of Grassatores (Arachnida : Opiliones : Laniatores)

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is19035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 892

Author(s):

Adriano B. Kury ◽

Abel Pérez-González ◽

Daniel N. Proud

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

East Asia ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Broad Context ◽

External Morphology ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

South East Asia ◽

New Family ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

The laniatorean family Phalangodidae has been largely reduced to a core of Holarctic species; however, many taxa were never formally transferred to other families. We examined a group of harvestmen related to Beloniscus Thorell, 1891, from South-east Asia and determined the nature of the relationships of the ‘Beloniscus-like harvestmen’, herein described as the new family Beloniscidae, fam. nov., in the broad context of Laniatores. Based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of a broad representative laniatorean Sanger-sequences dataset we found support for our taxonomic hypotheses that (1) inclusion of Beloniscidae, fam. nov. in Phalangodidae would render the family non-monophyletic, and (2) Beloniscidae, fam. nov. represents a lineage that is morphologically and genetically distinct from all other known laniatorean families. The new family Beloniscidae is endemic to South-east Asia and comprises 37 species in two new subfamilies: Beloniscinae, subfam. nov. and Buparinae, subfam. nov. Beloniscinae includes the genera Beloniscellus Roewer, 1931, Beloniscops Roewer, 1949, Belonisculus Roewer, 1923, Beloniscus (type genus) and Kendengus Roewer, 1949. Buparinae includes the genera Buparellus Roewer, 1949, Bupares Thorell, 1889 (type genus) and Buparomma Roewer, 1949. Members of Beloniscidae are relatively homogeneous in their external morphology, but are recognised by well marked genitalic features. Male genitalia are described for exemplar species, and the morphology is compared with that of Epedanidae. Names are given to two new genitalic structures: sella curulis and pseudocalyx. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:540BCE49-6F2E-4372-BFD4-D3C6068F045D http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FE8B011B-AA6D-4E6C-A321-123542A0563F http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4A559CD-170A-40F2-924A-541C22974344

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Anthelepis, a new genus for four mainly tropical species of Cyperaceae from Australia, New Caledonia and South-East Asia

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb18047 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Russell L. Barrett ◽

Karen L. Wilson ◽

Jeremy J. Bruhl

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

New Genus ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Tropical Species ◽

South East Asia ◽

Key To Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

One New Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Data

A new genus, Anthelepis R.L.Barrett, K.L.Wilson & J.J.Bruhl, is described for four Cyperaceae species from mainly tropical areas of South-East Asia, New Caledonia and Australia. The relationships of the three previously described species have been much-debated. In recent decades, they have most commonly been placed in either Schoenus L. or Tricostularia Nees ex Lehm., but molecular phylogenetic data have demonstrated that they are not closely related to either genus and a new generic name is required. The following three new combinations are made: Anthelepis guillauminii (Kük.) R.L.Barrett, K.L.Wilson & J.J.Bruhl (based on Schoenus guillauminii Kük.), A. paludosa (R.Br.) R.L.Barrett, K.L.Wilson & J.J.Bruhl (based on Chaetospora paludosa R.Br.) and A. undulata (Thwaites) R.L.Barrett, K.L.Wilson & J.J.Bruhl (based on Cladium undulatum Thwaites). One new species, Anthelepis clarksonii R.L.Barrett, K.L.Wilson & J.J.Bruhl, is described from northern Queensland, Australia, as distinct from A. undulata. Full descriptions, illustrations and a key to species are provided. All species are confirmed as having C3 anatomy.

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Understanding conflict resolution strategies in South East Asia

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e627722013-065 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Mrignaini Goel ◽

Mylliem Adrian Lambert ◽

Syafiqah Binti Yahya

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

East Asia ◽

South East Asia ◽

Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽

Resolution Strategies

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CIScoSI Study [Children Immunization Status and cases of Systemic Illness]

Medical & Clinical Research ◽

10.33140/mcr.03.03.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

East Asia ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

South East Asia ◽

Immunization Status ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽

Total Coverage

To determine the immunization status of pediatric patients under age of 5 years visiting pediatric department of tertiary care hospitals in South East Asia. The aim of this study was to appreciate the awareness and implementation of vaccination in pediatric patients who came into pediatric outpatient Department with presenting complain other than routine vaccination. we can also know the count of patients who do not complete their vaccination after birth. we can differentiate between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients and incidence of severe disease in both groups. Immunization is a protective process which makes a person resistant to the harmful diseases prevailing in the community, typically by vaccine administration either orally or intravenously. It is proven for controlling and eliminating many threatening diseases from the community. WHO report that licensed vaccines are available for the prevention of many infectious diseases. After the implementation of effective immunization the rate of many infectious diseases have declined in many countries of the world. South-East Asia is far behind in the immunization coverage. An estimated total coverage is 56%-88% for a fully immunized child, which is variable between countries. Also the coverage is highest for BCG and lowest for Polio.

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Maidstone's woodpecker – an unexpected bird specimen in the herbarium of Sir Hans Sloane

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2014.0244 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 230-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charles E. Jarvis ◽

Joanne H. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

East Asia ◽

East India Company ◽

South East Asia

It had long been believed that none of the bird, egg or nest specimens that had been in the collection of Sir Hans Sloane at his death in 1753 had survived. However, a specimen of a rhinoceros hornbill, originally in Sloane's hands, was discovered in the Natural History Museum's collections in London in 2003, and three more Sloane hornbill specimens have subsequently come to light. In addition, we report here a most unexpected discovery, that of the head of a woodpecker among the pages of one of Sloane's bound volumes of pressed plants. The context suggests that the head, like its associated plant specimens, was probably collected in south-east Asia about 1698–1699 by Nathanael Maidstone, an East India Company trader, the material reaching Sloane via William Courten after the latter's death in 1702. A detailed description of the head is provided, along with observations on its identity and possible provenance.

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The Colonial Documentary Film in South and South-East Asia

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474407205.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Subject Matter ◽

Documentary Film ◽

East Asian ◽

South East Asia ◽

Post Colonial ◽

Historical Perspectives ◽

The Third ◽

Wide Range ◽

Global Understanding

Writing from a wide range of historical perspectives, contributors to the anthology shed new light on historical, theoretical and empirical issues pertaining to the documentary film, in order to better comprehend the significant transformations of the form in colonial, late colonial and immediate post-colonial and postcolonial times in South and South-East Asia. In doing so, this anthology addresses an important gap in the global understanding of documentary discourses, practices, uses and styles. Based upon in-depth essays written by international authorities in the field and cutting-edge doctoral projects, this anthology is the first to encompass different periods, national contexts, subject matter and style in order to address important and also relatively little-known issues in colonial documentary film in the South and South-East Asian regions. This anthology is divided into three main thematic sections, each of which crosses national or geographical boundaries. The first section addresses issues of colonialism, late colonialism and independence. The second section looks at the use of the documentary film by missionaries and Christian evangelists, whilst the third explores the relation between documentary film, nationalism and representation.

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‘Staring into All Their Yellow Eyes’: Where the Wild Things Are, the 1960s, and the Vietnam War

International Research in Children s Literature ◽

10.3366/ircl.2017.0218 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 59-73

Author(s):

Michelle Ann Abate ◽

Sarah Bradford Fletcher

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Vietnam War ◽

Political Engagement ◽

Critical Assessment ◽

South East Asia ◽

Psychological Perspective ◽

Literary Representation ◽

Military Involvement ◽

The 1960S ◽

Alternative Reading

Since its release in 1963, Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are has been viewed from a psychological perspective as a literary representation of children's inner emotional struggles. This essay challenges that common critical assessment. We make a case that Sendak's classic picturebook was also influenced by the turbulent era of the 1960s in general and the nation's rapidly escalating military involvement in Vietnam in particular. Our alternative reading of Sendak's text reveals a variety of both visual and verbal elements that recall the conflict in South East Asia and considers the significance of the book's geo-political engagement.

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