Navajo Lichen Dyes

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Brough
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Lichen Substances ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Ph Level

AbstractThirty-five species of lichens were collected from nine locations on or adjacent to the Navajo Indian Reservation in the southwestern United States. Wool was dyed using the traditional boiling water and ammonia fermentation methods. An additional method was developed using a solvent to extract lichen substances and dye wool, cold; this dimethylsulphoxide extraction method is described and the resulting dye colours were sometimes different. Over 155 individual dye tests were made on sheep's wool; a correlation of dye colour with lichen substances reported for the species was attempted. Predominant dye colours were tan, but yellow, orange, pink, purple, and blue-grey were also produced. These colours were further altered by modifying: (1) fermentation time; (2) dyeing time, temperature, or pH level; (3) exposure to light; and (4) subsequent additional extractions using the same method or different methods. Dyed wool samples, tested for stability in sunlight, generally faded to some degree and some changed colour. Most dyes obtained through the dimethylsulphoxide extraction method were light stable.

PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL PADA EKSTRAK TAPE BIJI NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Nada Nabila Sari ◽  
S Suharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Community People ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Seed Extracts

Biji nangka kurang diminati oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan pangan. Biji nangka memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengobatan. Tujuan peneliti adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama fermentasi terhadap kadar flavonoid total pada ekstrak tape biji nangka (Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk.) yang dilakukan dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Manfaat dari penelitian untuk menambah wawasan di bidang farmasi khususnya tentang ilmu kimia amami mengenai pengaruh lama fermentasi terhadap kadar flavonoid total pada ekstrak tape biji nangka (Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk.). Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah metode maserasi dengan mengunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Identifikasi kualitatif mengunakan uji Shinoda, uji NaOH 10%, uji H2SO4 (pekat). Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukan sampel positif mengandung flavonoid. Kesimpulan pada hasil penelitian penetapan kadar flavonoid total yang terkandung dalam ekstrak tape biji nangka pada hari ke-0 sebesar 2,9146±0,0245 mgQE/gram ekstrak, pada hari ke-1 sebesar 3,3050±0,0240 mgQE/gram ekstrak, pada hari ke-2 sebesar 3,6829±0,0244 mgQE/gram ekstrak, dan pada hari ke-3 sebesar 4,0488±0,0244 mgQE/gram ekstrak.  Jackfruit seeds are less interest by the community (people) as food.  Jackfruit seeds containing flavonoid compounds where it can be used as a treatment.  The aim of the researchers was to determine the effect of fermentation time on total flavonoid concentration  in jackfruit fermented seed extracts with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The benefits of research to add insight in the field of pharmacy especially about chemistry of amami regarding effect of fermentation time on total flavonoid levels in jackfruit seed “tape” extract (Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk.). Extraction method used is the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Qualitative identification using the Shinoda test, 10% NaOH test, and H2SO4 (concentrated) test. Qualitative test results showed a positive sample containing flavonoids. Conclusions on the results of the experiment  are jackfruit seed "tape" extract on day-0 was 2.9146±0.0245  mgQE/gram extract, on day-1 was 3.3050±0.0240 mgQE/gram extract, on day-2 was 3.68293±0.0244 mgQE/gram and on day-3 was 4.0488±0.024 mgQE /gram extract. The longer fermentation, total flavonoid concentration interest.  

Abstract 177: Credentials of Staff Performing Echocardiography in the United States: Insights from the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W Parker ◽  
Diana Sobieraj ◽  
Mary Beth Farrell ◽  
Craig I Coleman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
National Board ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Medical Directors

Background: Little has been published on the practice of echocardiography (echo) in the United States. We used the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission-Echocardiography (IAC-Echo) applications database to describe the personnel in echo laboratories seeking accreditation. Methods: We used de-identified data provided on IAC-Echo applications to characterize facilities by hospital association, census region, annual volume, number of sites, previous accreditation, and numbers of physicians and sonographers as well as National Board of Echocardiography (NBE) testamur status of physicians and registered credential status of sonographers. We categorized Medical Directors by board certification in cardiovascular diseases, internal medicine, other specialty, or none. Medical Director echo training could be formal Level 2 or 3 or experiential by ≥3 years of practice. Frequencies, means, and medians were compared between groups using the chi-square test, t-test, or Mann Whitney test, respectively. Results: From 2011 to 2013, 1926 echo labs representing 10618 physicians and 6870 sonographers applied for IAC-Echo accreditation or re-accreditation. The majority of medical directors were board certified in cardiovascular diseases and 34.1% of medical directors and 27.2% of staff physicians held NBE testamur status; 79.5% of sonographers held registered credentials. Most echo labs were in the Northeast or South census regions, have an average of 1.75 sites, and are based outside of hospitals (Table). Compared to nonhospital echo labs, medical directors of hospital-based echo labs were more likely to be Level 3 trained (19.8% versus 30.8%, p<0.01) and be NBE testamurs (28.9% versus 45.6%, p<0.01). Markers of echo lab size, region, previous accreditation, and credentialed sonographers were associated with accreditation versus delay decisions; there was a trend toward accreditation among facilities with NBE medical directors. Conclusion: Among facilities seeking IAC-Echo accreditation, the minority of echo physicians hold NBE testamur status. Hospital and nonhospital facilities are different in the credentials of their personnel.

scholarly journals Postoperative Lyme Arthritis in the Orthopaedic Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Hess ◽  
Zachary Devilbiss ◽  
Garry Wai Keung Ho ◽  
Raymond Thal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Postoperative Complication ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Level 3

Context:Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in North America and Europe, and Lyme arthritis is a frequent late-stage manifestation in the United States. However, Lyme arthritis has rarely been reported as a postoperative complication.Evidence Acquisition:The PubMed database was queried through June 2018, and restricted to the English language, in search of relevant articles.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Results:A total of 5 cases of Lyme arthritis as a postoperative complication have been reported in the literature.Conclusion:These cases highlight the importance for providers practicing in Lyme-endemic regions to keep such an infection in mind when evaluating postoperative joint pain and swelling. We propose herein an algorithm for the workup of potential postoperative Lyme arthritis.Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT):C

scholarly journals New Gerbera Daisy Varieties for Large Containers and Flower Gardens

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanao Deng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Yellow Orange

Gerbera daisy is one of the most popular flowers in the United States. Recently, interest has increased in growing gerberas in large containers for indoor or outdoor use. ‘Funtastic™ Tangerine Eye’ and ‘Funtastic™ Golden Eye’ have been selected and tested specifically for use in large containers. These cultivars produce large, powdery mildew-resistant plants and large, attractive flowers in orange-red or yellow-orange that complement the existing Funtastic™ series of gerbera cultivars. This 8-page fact sheet was written by Zhanao Deng, and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep482

Biosafety considerations for in vivo work with risk group 3 pathogens in large animals and wildlife in North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Biosafety Level

AbstractRegulations in the United States require animal biosafety level 3 (ABSL-3) or biosafety level 3 agriculture (BSL-3-Ag) containment for many endemic zoonotic pathogens and etiologic agents of foreign animal diseases. In an effort to protect public health, billions of dollars were invested in regulatory programs over many years to reduce the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella and Mycobacterium bovis in domestic livestock. In addition to research needs in domestic livestock hosts, the establishment of brucellosis and tuberculosis in wildlife in the United States has created a need for research studies addressing these zoonotic diseases. As guidelines in the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL, 2009) for BSL-3 and BSL-3-Ag facilities are primarily directed toward laboratory or vivarium facilities, additional issues should be considered in designing large animal containment facilities for domestic livestock and/or wildlife. Flight distance, herd orientation, social needs, aggressiveness, and predictability are all factors we considered on a species by species basis for designing our containment facilities and for work practices with large ruminants. Although safety risk cannot be completely eliminated when working with large animals, studies in natural hosts are critical for advancing vaccine and diagnostic development, and providing basic knowledge of disease pathogenesis in natural hosts. Data gathered in these types of studies are vital for state and national regulatory personnel in their efforts to design strategies to control or eradicate diseases such as brucellosis and tuberculosis in their natural hosts, whether it is domestic livestock or wildlife. It is likely that failure to address the prevalence of disease in wildlife reservoirs will lead to re-emergence in domestic livestock. The overall benefit of these studies is to protect public health, provide economic benefits to producers, and protect the economic investment made in regulatory programs.

An Outbreak of Blastomycosis on a United States Indian Reservation

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Jay Baumgardner ◽  
Gina Egan ◽  
Steven Giles ◽  
Bryan Laundre
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indian Reservation

Wild Apaches in the Effete East: A Theatrical Adventure of John P. Clum

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Pat M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Indian Agent ◽  
Arizona Territory ◽  
San Carlos

No one at the Indian Bureau, in Washington, seemed interested when, early in the summer of 1876, Indian Agent John P. Clum suggested taking a carload of his San Carlos Apaches back East –“to see the greatness of our United States and become impressed by the progress of their white brothers.” So Clum relates in the semi-autobiographical book Apache Agent.Two years before, in Feburary, 1874, he had been commissioned :by President Grant as Agent for the Apaches at the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona Territory.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION SALT AND TRYPSIN ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FISH SAUCE MADE FROM SEA CATFISH (Arius sp.) VISCERA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laras Rianingsih ◽  
Ratna Ibrahim ◽  
Apri Dwi Anggo
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Fish Sauce ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Ph Level

Fish sauce is a fermented product for seasoning that is popular in Asian country. One of the problems to produce this product is a long fermentation time up to 1 yr to 2 yr. Addition of trypsin as proteolytic enzyme and decreasing salt concentration is done to accelerate the fermentation time. This research examined the effect of trypsin addition and different salt concentrations (15 %) and the physicochemical properties of fish sauce made from sea cat fish (Arius sp.) after 45 d of fermentation. The result showed that  the higher salt and enzyme concentrations gave higher yield (48.54 %), color intensity (33.6 %) and salt content                  (24.78 %) but also gave lower TVBN (26.1 mgN per 100 g), TMA (11.14 mgN per 100 g), Ammonia (12.87 mgN per 100 g) and pH level (5.4). This result could meet the standard of fish sauce from codex on pH and salt content.

scholarly journals A Standardized Inoculation Protocol to Test Wheat Cultivars for Reaction to Head Blast Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (Triticum pathotype)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Cruz ◽  
W. W. Bockus ◽  
J. P. Stack ◽  
B. Valent ◽  
J. N. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Biosafety Level

Wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a significant threat to wheat production worldwide. Because this pathotype does not occur in the United States, it is important to prepare for its possible introduction. As part of this preparation, over 500 U.S. wheat cultivars were tested for susceptibility or resistance to head blast. Inoculations were conducted under biosafety level 3 conditions. However, the protocols to phenotype wheat cultivars vary among researchers, and head blast inoculation protocols need to be standardized so that results can be easily interpreted and shared internationally. The protocol presented, based on several years' experience, is recommended for common use to facilitate direct comparison of disease phenotyping results among researchers. Accepted for publication 12 August 2016.

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