The influence of heavy infestations of Polydora ciliata on the flesh content of Mytilus edulis

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. L. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mantle Tissue ◽  
Polydora Ciliata ◽  
Weight Condition ◽  
Body Components

The dry weight condition index and water content of two groups of mussels, one with heavy infestations and the other with mild infestations of Polydora ciliata, were determined over a period of 15 consecutive months. The results were seasonally variable, but for most months the heavily infested mussels had a condition index significantly lower, and a water content significantly higher, than the mildly infested mussels. This suggests that heavy infestations of P. ciliata are associated with reduced flesh content in mussels.Further analyses of the body components of the two groups of mussels, showed that the mantle tissue of heavily infested mussels was reduced much more than the nonmantle tissue. Since the mantle is the main repository of gametes, this suggests that heavy infestations of P. ciliata might lower the fecundity of mussels.

Biochemical Effects of Temperature and Nutritive Stress on Mytilus Edulis L.

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Gabbott ◽  
B. L. Bayne
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

In a previous paper Bayne & Thompson (1970) showed that temperature and nutritive stress resulted in a decline in body condition of mussels, Mytilus edulis, when kept in the laboratory. Both carbohydrate and protein were lost from the body tissues but the losses (as a percentage of the initial values) were greater from the germinal (mantle) than from the somatic (non-mantle) tissues. In spite of the loss of body reserves, M. edulis was able to continue maturation of the gonad during the autumn to spring period. In the early summer, however, when the gametes were fully ripe, stress resulted in a recession of the gonad and a rapid loss of protein from the mantle tissues. A similar decline in condition index and loss of glycogen and protein has been reported for adult oysters, Ostrea edulis, when maintained under hatchery conditions (Gabbott & Walker, 1971).

VARIATIONS IN THE VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION OF THE BLOOD OF THE SNAIL, HELIX POMATIA L., IN RELATION TO THE WATER CONTENT OF THE BODY

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albumen Gland ◽  
Snail Helix Pomatia ◽  
Total Body

A convenient measure of the "size" of a snail is its dry weight, exclusive of shell and albumen gland, and, where calculable, its blood solutes. The specimens of Helix pomatia studied contained between 3.8 and 10.2 g of Water per gram dry weight and between 51 and 456 mg of copper per kilogram dry weight. When "copper space" was defined as the weight of blood water that would contain the amount of copper present in the body, copper spaces varied between 1.1 and 4.4 g of water per gram dry weight. Variations in copper space (approximately equal to blood volume) accounted for the greater part of the variation in total body water, though the amount of water in the tissues was also variable. The concentration of sodium in the blood varied naturally over the range 46–129 mmole/kg of water, varying proportionately with chloride. Variations in sodium concentration are largely due to variations in the volume of blood in which the sodium is dissolved, but a given change in blood volume is, in general, associated with a proportionately smaller change in sodium concentration.

scholarly journals Both Water Intoxication and Osmotic BBB Disruption Increase Brain Water Content in Rats

2013 ◽  
pp. S75-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. KOZLER ◽  
V. RILJAK ◽  
J. POKORNÝ
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

Our previous experiments revealed that water intoxication and osmotic BBB disruption in the rat allow penetration of high-molecular substances into the brain and that resulting changes in the internal environment of the CNS lead to pathological development, such as the loss of integrity of myelin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the previously described phenomena are associated with increased water content in the brain. To answer the question following methods were used: a) water intoxication: intraperitoneal administration of distilled water, b) osmotic BBB disruption: application of mannitol (20 %) selectively into the internal carotid artery, c) brain wet weight was measured after decapitation, and subsequently (after six days in thermostat set at 86 °C) the dry weight were estimated d) in animals with 20 % and 30 % hyperhydration the degree of myelin deterioration was estimated e) animal locomotor activity was tested by continuous behavior tracking and analysis. Brain water content after water intoxication and following the administration of mannitol was higher than in the control group. Different degrees of hyperhydration led to different levels of brain water content and to different degrees of myelin impairment. Hyperhydration corresponding to 20 % of the body weight brought about lower locomotor activity. Increased water content in the brain after the BBB osmotic disruption is surprising because this method is frequently used in the clinical practice.

Shoot and root dry weight and soil water in wheat, triticale and rye

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Sheng ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Dry matter distribution between the shoots and root was evaluated for three cereal cultivars, one each of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Evaluations were made both indoors and outdoors (the Elora Research Station, 43°39′N 80°25′W) at four growth stages. Volumetric soil water content beneath the three species was also measured in the field. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) among the three species in total plant dry weight indoors and outdoors. Although rye consistently had the greatest total plant dry mass, total root dry weight was not greater than for the other species in many comparisons, especially before anthesis. However, rye root growth surpassed all the others after anthesis, and root dry weight was greater at final harvest. Triticale and rye had greater shoot: root ratios than wheat at the later growth stages. Although there were no consistent differences among species in root dry weight distribution at different soil depths, rye had a relatively larger proportion of root dry weight in the upper soil layer than the other species. Species effects on soil water content were significant (P < 0.05) at depths of 15–45 cm and 45–90 cm during a drought period. Water content in the 45–90 cm layer was lower for the triticale cultivar than for the wheat and rye. Key words: Wheat, triticale, rye, shoot:root ratio, volumetric soil water content

Characterization of frozen hydrated biological specimens by low-loss EELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1572-1573
Author(s):  
Songquan Sun ◽  
Richard D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Differential Shrinkage ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Analyses of ultrathin cryosections are generally performed after freeze-drying because the presence of water renders the specimens highly susceptible to radiation damage. The water content of a subcellular compartment is an important quantity that must be known, for example, to convert the dry weight concentrations of ions to the physiologically more relevant molar concentrations. Water content can be determined indirectly from dark-field mass measurements provided that there is no differential shrinkage between compartments and that there exists a suitable internal standard. The potential advantage of a more direct method for measuring water has led us to explore the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for characterizing biological specimens in their frozen hydrated state.We have obtained preliminary EELS measurements from pure amorphous ice and from cryosectioned frozen protein solutions. The specimens were cryotransfered into a VG-HB501 field-emission STEM equipped with a 666 Gatan parallel-detection spectrometer and analyzed at approximately −160 C.

STEM measurement of subcellular water distributions

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
S.Q. Sun ◽  
S-L. Shi ◽  
R.A. Buchanan ◽  
S.B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Annular Dark Field

Recent advances in rapid-freezing and cryosectioning techniques coupled with use of the quantitative signals available in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can provide us with new methods for determining the water distributions of subcellular compartments. The water content is an important physiological quantity that reflects how fluid and electrolytes are regulated in the cell; it is also required to convert dry weight concentrations of ions obtained from x-ray microanalysis into the more relevant molar ionic concentrations. Here we compare the information about water concentrations from both elastic (annular dark-field) and inelastic (electron energy loss) scattering measurements.In order to utilize the elastic signal it is first necessary to increase contrast by removing the water from the cryosection. After dehydration the tissue can be digitally imaged under low-dose conditions, in the same way that STEM mass mapping of macromolecules is performed. The resulting pixel intensities are then converted into dry mass fractions by using an internal standard, e.g., the mean intensity of the whole image may be taken as representative of the bulk water content of the tissue.

High Heels sebagai Agensi bagi Tubuh Wanita

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sunandar Macpal ◽  
Fathianabilla Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Heels ◽  
Experience Pain ◽  
Woman's Body

The aims of this paper is to explain the use of high heels as an agency for a woman's body. Agency context refers to pain in the body but pain is perceived as something positive. In this paper, the method used is a literature review by reviewing writings related to the use of high heels. The findings in this paper that women experience body image disturbance or anxiety because they feel themselves are not beautiful or not attractive. The use of high heels, makes women more attractive and more confident, on the other hand the use of high heels actually makes women feel pain and discomfort. However, for the achievement of beauty standards, women voluntarily allow their bodies to experience pain. However, the agency's willingness to beauty standards here is meaningless without filtering and directly accepted. Instead women keep negotiating with themselves so as to make a decision why use high heels.

Function of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in cattle pastures inferred from pitfall trapping data

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Tomáš Tonka
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nested Anova ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Dung Decomposition

Function of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in cattle pastures inferred from pitfall trapping dataAn analysis of data on the dry weight biomass of coprophagous beetles in standardized dung (4.5 l) was conducted in order to characterize the spatial and the seasonal distribution of the beetles' biomass in cattle pastures and to elucidate their function in dung decomposition. Nested Anova with factors of farm, site (nested in farm), seasonal period and year was used to evaluate the effect of these factors on the biomass of four functional species groups: the dung dwellers ofScarabaeidae(subfamilyAphodiinae), the dung dwellers ofHydrophilidae, the small tunnellers ofScarabaeidae(subfamilyCoprinae) and the large tunnellers ofGeotrupidae. The spatial variation of biomass (between the sites and the farms) was insignificant (P>0.05) in the two dung-dweller groups and in the large-tunnellers group. On the other hand, a significant (P<0.05) seasonal variation of biomass was found in all but the large tunneller group. In dung dwellers, the spring biomass was formed mainly by two species,Aphodius prodromusandA. sphacelatus. In summer, most of the biomass was accounted for bySphaeridium lunatum, S. scarabaeoidesandA. rufipes. In the two tunneller groups,Onthophagus fracticornis, Geotrupes stercorariusandG. spinigerformed a majority of the biomass in dung.

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