Forage-diving behaviour of adult Japanese female loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) inferred from Argos location data

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Hatase ◽  
Wataru Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Satellite Pass ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Japanese Female

Adult female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting in Japan use different feeding habitats as a function of body size. The Argos location data of two females inhabiting either oceanic or neritic habitats were analysed to infer their foraging and diving behaviour. There were no significant differences in the number of transmissions received per satellite pass, the number of locations per day, and the frequency of location-accuracy classes between oceanic and neritic females, implying that there was little difference in the time these two turtles stayed at the sea surface. Two possible forage-diving behaviours are suggested for these turtles: (1) both dive duration and depth were not different between the two feeding habitats; or (2) although dive duration was not different between feeding habitats, dive depth was different.

Temporal, spatial, and body size effects on growth rates of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northwest Atlantic

2013 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 2711-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Bjorndal ◽  
Barbara A. Schroeder ◽  
Allen M. Foley ◽  
Blair E. Witherington ◽  
Michael Bresette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Northwest Atlantic

scholarly journals Heart rates and abdominal temperatures of free-ranging South Georgian shags, Phalacrocorax georgianus

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Bevan ◽  
I L Boyd ◽  
P J Butler ◽  
K Reid ◽  
A J Woakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
The South ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

The South Georgian shag (Phalacrocorax georgianus) shows a remarkable diving ability comparable to that of penguins, yet nothing is known of the physiology of these birds. In this study, heart rates and abdominal temperatures were recorded continuously in four free-ranging South Georgian shags using an implanted data-logger. A time­depth recorder was also attached to the back of the implanted birds to record their diving behaviour. The diving behaviour of the birds was essentially similar to that reported in other studies, with maximum dive durations for individual birds ranging between 140 and 287 s, and maximum depths between 35 and 101 m. The birds, while at the nest, had a heart rate of 104.0±13.1 beats min-1 (mean ± s.e.m.) and an abdominal temperature of 39.1±0.2 °C. During flights of 221±29 s, heart rate and abdominal temperature rose to 309.5±18.0 beats min-1 and 40.1±0.3 °C, respectively. The mean heart rate during diving, at 103.7±13.7 beats min-1, was not significantly different from the resting values, but the minimum heart rate during a dive was significantly lower at 64.8±5.8 beats min-1. The minimum heart rate during a dive was negatively correlated with both dive duration and dive depth. Abdominal temperature fell progressively during a diving bout, with a mean temperature at the end of a bout of 35.1±1.7 °C. The minimum heart rate during diving is at a sub-resting level, which suggests that the South Georgian shag responds to submersion with the 'classic' dive response of bradycardia and the associated peripheral vasoconstriction and utilisation of anaerobic metabolism. However, the reduction in abdominal temperature may reflect a reduction in the overall metabolic rate of the animal such that the bird can remain aerobic while submerged.

Diving behaviour of lactating southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens) in Patagonia

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1975-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Werner ◽  
Claudio Campagna
Keyword(s):  
Median Duration ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Diel Variation ◽  
Otaria Flavescens ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Aerobic Dive Limit

The diving behaviour of six lactating female southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens) was recorded during 52.4 animal-days at sea. Information was obtained from 18 057 dives. Females spent 52.7 ± 6.2% of the time at sea diving. Median and maximum dive depths ranged from 19 to 62 and from 97 to 175 m, respectively. Dives were short, with median and maximum durations ranging from 2.1 to 3.2 and from 4.4 to 7.7 min, respectively. Dives deeper than 10 m represented 56 – 89% of total dives and involved 93 – 97% of total diving time. Mean dive depth and duration of dives greater than 10 m were 61 m and 3 min, respectively. Most of these dives (69%) had a flat-bottomed U-shaped profile, bottom time constituting about half of the dive duration. Shallow dives, with a modal depth of 2 m, were short (median duration 0.1 –0.8 min), with virtually no time spent at the bottom of the dive. During trips to sea, which ranged from less than 1 day to more than 4 days, females dove continuously. Mean dive frequency was between 11 and 19 per hour. Surface intervals were short (median 0.9–1.2 min) and there was no apparent diel variation in dive depth or frequency. The estimated aerobic dive limit of the females was exceeded on only a few dives (0.7 – 6.2%). Transit to potential foraging areas took 0.2–8.3 h.

Maintenance of neutral buoyancy by depth selection in the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (19) ◽  
pp. 2967-2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Minamikawa ◽  
Y. Naito ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
Y. Matsuzawa ◽  
T. Bando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Loggerhead Turtle ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Neutral Buoyancy ◽  
Egg Maturation ◽  
Loggerhead Turtles

Time-series data of swimming speed and dive depth were recorded in six female loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta during the internesting period. The dive profiles of all animals indicated that they stayed at particular depths without swimming and that these depths were correlated with dive duration. These results support the hypothesis that lung air is used to achieve neutral buoyancy in the loggerhead turtle. To test this hypothesis, female turtles were equipped with lead weights and time/depth recorders. The residence depth of the turtles increased when their specific gravity was artificially decreased. This indicates that they control depth rather than lung volume, suggesting that the residence depth of loggerhead turtles during the internesting period is not determined actively. They presumably remain at a particular depth exclusively to save energy for egg maturation during the internesting period. Lung volume was estimated from the change in depth of weighted animals to be 50–150 ml kg(−1). The resulting residence depth of all turtles was within the range at which they maintained the neutral buoyancy.

In the shallow end: diving behaviour of recolonising female New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) around the Otago Peninsula

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie A. Augé ◽  
B. Louise Chilvers ◽  
Lloyd S. Davis ◽  
Antoni B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Historical Range ◽  
Phocarctos Hookeri

Female New Zealand sea lions ( Phocarctos hookeri (Gray, 1844)) at the Auckland Islands (remnant populations) are the deepest and longest diving otariids. These remnant populations are found at the margin of the historical range of the species. We hypothesized that diving behaviours of animals in the core of their historical range is less extreme owing to a better marine habitat. All female New Zealand sea lions (n = 13, aged 2–14 years) born on the Otago Peninsula (initial recolonising population) were equipped with time–depth recorders during April and May 2008, 2009, and 2010. The mean dive depth was 20.2 ± 24.5 m and mean dive duration was 1.8 ± 1.1 min, some of the lowest values reported for otariids. Otago female New Zealand sea lions did not exhibit two distinct diving specialisations as reported at the Auckland Islands. Otago adult females exceeded calculated aerobic dive limits in 7.1% of dives compared with 68.7% at the Auckland Islands. The contrasting differences in diving behaviour between Otago and the Auckland Islands suggest that Otago represents a better marine habitat for New Zealand sea lions, with food easily accessible to animals of all ages.

Ranging and diving behaviour of two ‘offshore’ bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops sp., off eastern Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter. J. Corkeron ◽  
Anthony R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Principal Curves ◽  
Eastern Australia

This paper describes a study of the ranging and diving behaviour of two ‘offshore’ bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops sp., in the waters off south-east Queensland, determined using satellite-linked time-depth recorders attached to two animals. Animal 1's tag transmitted for 30 days, Animal 2's for 143 days. Immediately after tagging, Animal 1 swam south, reaching a point 146 km south of the point of tagging, then swam generally northwards until the tag ceased working. Animal 2's observed range covered 778 km2, with a core area of 86 km2. The greatest north–south distance between all locations for Animal 2 was 43 km. The manner in which maximum dive depth was related to dive duration was analysed using constrained principal curves. These analyses indicated that for both animals, short dives were to less than 5 m, and there was no clear relationship between dives of greater duration and depth. These dolphins appear to behave differently from ‘offshore’ bottlenose dolphins studied elsewhere.

scholarly journals Diving behaviour of green turtles: dive depth, dive duration and activity levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 297-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Hays ◽  
S Hochscheid ◽  
AC Broderick ◽  
BJ Godley ◽  
JD Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Green Turtles

The ontogeny of diving behaviour in New Zealand fur seal pups (Arctocephalus forsteri)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M.M Baylis ◽  
B Page ◽  
K Peters ◽  
R McIntosh ◽  
J Mckenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
South American ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Prey Remains ◽  
New Zealand Fur Seal ◽  
Prey Items

This study investigated the development of diving in 21 New Zealand fur seal pups, Arctocephalus forsteri (Lesson, 1828), prior to weaning at Cape Gantheaume, Kangaroo Island. Diving behaviour was examined using time–depth recorders, which were deployed during two time periods, 5 months prior to weaning (n = 6) and 2 months prior to weaning (n = 15). Scats were also examined to assess whether fur seal pups foraged prior to weaning. The maximum dive depth attained was 44 m, while the maximum dive duration was 3.3 min. Immediately prior to weaning, fur seal pups spent a greater proportion of their time diving at night, and concomitantly several measures of diving performance also increased. In general, pups dived successively deeper (6–44 m between June and September), and the average number of dives per day, dive frequency, and vertical distance travelled increased. Prey remains were present in approximately 30% of scats and indicated that some pups were foraging as early as June (5–6 months of age, approximately 4–5 months prior to weaning). Of the scats that contained prey remains, fish (South American pilchard, Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842); Australian anchovy, Engraulis australis (White, 1790); and redbait, Emmelichthys nitidus Richardson, 1845) accounted for 43% of the prey items found, crustaceans accounted for 36%, and cephalopods (Gould's squid, Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy, 1888)) accounted for 20%.

Seasonal changes in buoyancy and diving behaviour of adult grey seals

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (15) ◽  
pp. 2323-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Beck ◽  
W.D. Bowen ◽  
S.J. Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Phocid Seals ◽  
Negative Buoyancy ◽  
Negatively Buoyant

Phocid seals go through dramatic seasonal changes in body mass and composition as a result of the spatial and temporal separation of foraging, reproduction and moulting. These changes in body fat content and body mass result in seasonal changes in buoyancy, which in turn may influence diving behaviour. We examined the longitudinal changes in buoyancy and diving behaviour of 14 adult grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) during two periods that represent maximal contrast in body mass and composition. During both the post-moulting (PM) and pre-breeding (PB) periods, grey seals were negatively buoyant. However, buoyancy increased by 47.9 % between the PM and PB periods. Descent rate was significantly faster during the PM period (1.0+/−0.07 m s(−1)) than during the PB period (0.7+/−0.06 m s(−1)), suggesting that seals were aided by negative buoyancy during the downward portion of dives. Ascent rate was also significantly faster during the PM period (0.8+/−0.06 m s(−1)) than during the PB period (0.6+/−0.05 m s(−1)), contradicting the prediction that more buoyant animals should ascend faster. The effects of drag could not account for this discrepancy. Dive depth and surface interval between dives did not differ significantly between the two periods. Similarly, the distribution of dive shapes used by individuals did not differ between the two periods. However, dive duration was significantly longer during the PB period than during the PM period (5.5+/−0.25 min compared with 4.4+/−0.24 min, respectively) as was time spent at the bottom of the dive (3.1+/−0.22 min compared with 2.5+/−0.15 min, respectively).

scholarly journals An empirical relationship between sea surface temperature and massive stranding of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in the Gulf of Ulloa, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
César A. Salinas-Zavala ◽  
María V. Morales-Zárate ◽  
Raúl O. Martínez-Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Loggerhead Turtle ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Cold Events ◽  
Mass Stranding

Two mass stranding events of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the vicinity of the Gulf of Ulloa, Baja California Sur, Mexico, were analyzed during 2003-2006 and 2012-2014. Stranding events were related to the accumulation of consecutive days with lower sea surface temperature (SST) series for the corresponding periods using Pearson correlations. Our results showed that in both periods, a significant cross-correlation was observed between mass stranding and accumulation of consecutive days with temperatures below 18, 17, and 16°C, with a time lag of three to five months. Numerical evidence supports the hypothesis that although the loggerhead turtle mortality is caused by multiple factors under extreme cold events, the environment turns markedly unfavorable for these organisms. Side-effects on health and swimming behavior of the species C. caretta, compromise their ability to avoid obstacles or flee from predators, thus increasing their vulnerability to sickness or lethargy, and possibly leading to the massive stranding of weakened individuals or dead bodies to the beaches of the Gulf of Ulloa. Hence, while SST may not be the direct cause of turtle mortality, it can be a determining factor for the survival of this species.

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