Long-term effects of temperature on gonad production, colour and flavour of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Zhao ◽  
Xiaofei Tian ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Lunchao Hu ◽  
Wenping Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glyptocidaris Crenularis ◽  
Temperature Group ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Gonad Production

The increasing market demand for Glyptocidaris crenularis shapes its great potential for aquaculture. Temperature is an important factor affecting gonad production and quality of sea urchins. Therefore, it is essential and valuable to carry out an evaluation of the temperature effects on gonad production and quality in G. crenularis before potential aquaculture. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of temperature on gonad production, colour and flavour in G. crenularis. There was no significant difference of test diameter, height and body weight between the sea urchins in high (16–23°C) and low (12–16°C) temperatures (P > 0.05). Glyptocidaris crenularis showed significantly higher gonad production and index in high temperature and in low temperature (P < 0.05). L*, a*, b* readings were slightly higher in the low temperature groups, although no significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Subjective colour and flavour ratings found that G. crenularis in the low temperature group showed significantly better colour (P = 0.003) and flavour (P < 0.001) than those in the high temperature group. The present study provides valuable and insightful information into the establishing G. crenularis aquaculture.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM RELATIVELY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURE USE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Yingying Qiao ◽  
Oleksandr Kyselov ◽  
Changzhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temperature Group

The experiment aims to study the effects of long-term relatively high and low temperatures on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out in Yunnan Academy of Animal Science, for determine the quality of meat used the laboratories of Henan Institute of Science and Technology. A total of experiment use 240 healthy 1-day-old Avian broiler chickens were randomly divided into three groups: relatively high temperature group, low temperature group and control group. The results of the experiment confirm that at low temperatures, when the energy consumption of the animal decreases, it leads to weight loss, which we can see in the low-temperature group, the average daily weight gain in this experiment was significantly lower than in the control group (P <0.05). It was found that low-temperature stress significantly increased the mortality of broilers, at the age of 42 days in the low-temperature group, the mortality of chickens was higher than in the control group, by 71.4%. Among all evaluated groups on the content of unsaturated fatty acids SFA, PUFA, MUFA and EFA in the muscles of the breasts of broilers, the lowest content was in the lower temperature group than in the control group, by 48.3%, 46.9%, 51.5% and 43.9%. Studies have shown that influence of high-temperature above 30°C causes disturbances in poultry behavior and physiology, leading to reduced production performance. Broilers aged 35-40 days experienced 31°C high-temperature stress and found that their performance and immunity decreased. Broilers feed intake and growth rate at 35°C high temperature were reduced by 13% and 32% than at 20°C. The results showed that: ① Relatively high temperature and low temperature for a long time reduced the growth performance and mortality of broilers, and long-term relatively low temperature decreased the slaughter performance of broilers.② Relatively high and low temperatures for a long period of time reduced the levels of serine, glycine, SFA, PUFA, USFA, EFA and MUFA in broiler breast muscles negative effect on meat quality. ③ The long-term relatively low temperature has a greater adverse effect on broilers than the long-term relatively high temperature. The results provided some theoretical basis for accurately setting the broiler breeding environment temperature, improving broiler quality, maximizing broiler production performance, and increasing the economic benefits of the farm.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Humidity on COVID-19 Transmission in California, US: A Time-Series Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Fang ◽  
Dingjian Wang ◽  
Guixia Pan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperature Group ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Series Study

Abstract Background: Previous researches inferred that high temperatures and high humidity might weaken COVID-19 transmission. However, with the warming weather coming, the COVID-19 pandemic is still intensifying. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the associations between daily temperature, relative humidity, and COVID-19 cases using the Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) from Jan 27th to July 15th, 2020, in California, US.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between COVID-19 and temperature from 6 °C to 9 °C, relative humidity from 80% to 98%. It increased the risk of 95.4% at 6 °C (RR:1.954; CI: 1.032-3.701). It increased the risk of 70.3% when the humidity was 98% (RR: 1.703, CI: 1.049-2.765). At low temperature group, it increased the risk of 46.3% (RR = 1.463, 95%CI: 1.054-2.030) on lag 0-4 days. At high humidity group, it increased the risk of 42.3% (RR = 1.423, 95%CI: 1.070-1.892) on lag 0-6 days.Conclusions: We found that low temperature and high humidity were the risky factors of COVID-19 transmission, and higher temperature and lower humidity had no effect on the transmission of COVID-19, which indicated that it might not slow down due to weather factors in summer in the Mediterranean climate.

TRPA1 expression provides new insights into thermal perception by the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 1825-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyun Ding ◽  
Yushi Yu ◽  
Mingfang Yang ◽  
Dongtao Shi ◽  
Zequn Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tube Feet

AbstractThermal perception is crucial for the fitness of marine invertebrates in intertidal and shallow waters. TRPA1 is a non-selective cation channel that belongs to the TRP family with pivotal roles in initiating signal transduction of thermal perception. We investigated expression patterns of SiTRPA1 in different tissues (tube feet, coelomocytes, gonads and gut) of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. SiTRPA1 expression patterns under acute and long-term temperature stimuli were investigated in tube feet of sea urchins. In the present study, the highest expression of SiTRPA1 was detected in tube feet of S. intermedius. The SiTRPA1 expression level in tube feet were significantly 235.7-fold, 450.0-fold and 3299.7-fold higher than those in the coelomocytes, gonads and gut (df = 3, F = 47.382, P < 0.001). Expression levels of SiTRPA1 in the other tissues (coelomocytes, gonads and gut) were not significantly different (df = 3, F = 47.382, P = 0.972). There was no significant difference of SiTRPA1 expression among all groups in the acute temperature increase experiment (df = 4, F = 0.25, P = 0.902). In the acute temperature decrease experiment, the expression of SiTRPA1 showed no significant difference among all groups (df = 4, F = 1.802, P = 0.205). With long-term exposure (6 weeks) to different temperatures, SiTRPA1 expression in the low temperature group (10°C) was significantly higher than those in the high temperature (20°C) and the control groups (15°C) (df = 2, F = 9.57, P = 0.014). There was no significant difference of SiTRPA1 expression between the high temperature (20°C) and the control temperature (15°C) groups (df = 2, F = 9.57, P = 0.808). These results indicate that SiTRPA1 expression significantly responds to long-term low temperature but not to acute temperature decrease. The present study provides new insights on the distribution and temporal expression of TRPA1 in marine invertebrates after acute and long-term temperature stimuli.

scholarly journals Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract in a Colony of Beagle Dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nikula ◽  
S. A. Benjamin ◽  
G. M. Angleton ◽  
A. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscopic Features

Gross and light microscopic features of transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the urinary tract were examined in Beagle dogs used for the study of the long-term effects of low-dose, whole-body, 60Co gamma radiation. Thirty-eight cases of TCC occurred among 990 dogs that were from 0 to 14 years of age. There was no conclusive evidence of a radiation effect. The 38 TCC were equally divided between male and female dogs, but there was a significant difference in the sex distribution of urethra-origin TCC. Eleven males had a primary urethral TCC compared to only two females. There was no significant difference between the urethra-origin and bladder-origin TCCs in the number of tumors that caused clinical signs, metastasized, or that contributed to the death of the dog. All cases of urethral TCC in male dogs occurred in the prostatic urethra. The majority of these cases were not recognized to be neoplasms at gross necropsy, but microscopic examination revealed the TCC. Our findings differ from previous reports stating that TCC occurs more frequently in female than male dogs, and they especially differ from reports claiming that urethra-origin TCC is predominately a disease of female dogs.

Early-life temperature modifies adult encapsulation response in an invasive ectoparasite

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 1290-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIRPA KAUNISTO ◽  
LAURA HÄRKÖNEN ◽  
MARKUS J. RANTALA ◽  
RAINE KORTET
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Temperature Peak ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Temperature Peak

SUMMARYImmunity of parasites has been studied amazingly little, in spite of the fact that parasitic organisms, especially the arthropod parasites, need immunity to survive their own infections to successfully complete life cycles. Long-term effects of challenging environmental temperatures on immunity have remained unstudied in insects and parasites. Our study species, the deer ked (Lipoptena cervi; Linnaeus 1758), is an invasive, blood-feeding parasitic fly of cervids. Here, it was studied whether thermal stress during the pupal diapause stage could modify adult immunity (encapsulation capacity) in L. cervi. The effect of either a low temperature or high temperature peak, experienced during winter dormancy, on encapsulation response of active adult was tested. It was found that low temperature exposure during diapause, as long as the temperature is not too harsh, had a favourable effect on adult immunity. An abnormal, high temperature peak during pupal winter diapause significantly deteriorated the encapsulation capacity of emerged adults. The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as high temperature fluctuations are likely to increase with climate change. Thus, the climate change might have previously unknown influence on host-ectoparasite interactions, by affecting ectoparasite's immune defence and survival.

Influence of Temperature on the Hydration Heat of Polymer Modified Mortars

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Si Feng Liu ◽  
Si Jun Guo ◽  
Pei Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Hydration Heat ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Calorimeter

The hydration heat of polymer modified mortar were measured at 5°C、10°C、20°C and 40°C using Multi-channel Isothermal calorimeter. The effects of temperature on hydration heat of polymer modified mortars with 0.1% methyl hydroxylpropyl cellulose (MHPC), 3% ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and 0.1%MHPC+3%EVA were investigated. The curves of hydration heat show that the polymer reduces the hydration heat of mortars and it is related to the temperature. The effects will be more and more remarkable with the increasing of temperature; Temperature also affects the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortars. The exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar at low temperature is almost equal to that of the ordinary cement mortar. However, it is obviously lower than that of ordinary cement mortar at high temperature ; The time to the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar is also related to the temperature.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Reduction of Door-to-Needle Time in Thrombolysis for Acute Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yu Chen ◽  
Aimen Moussaddy ◽  
Mark R. Keezer ◽  
Yan Deschaintre ◽  
Alexandre Y. Poppe
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractBackground: More timely administration of tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase) for patients with acute ischemic stroke yields greater clinical benefits. We implemented door-to-needle (DTN) time reduction strategies at our center and evaluated their short- and long-term effects on in-hospital treatment delays and clinical outcomes. Methods: Strategies, including stroke team prenotification, direct computed tomography transfer, not routinely waiting for laboratory results and alteplase delivery on the computed tomography table, were implemented in June 2013. We included all thrombolysed patients admitted directly to our hospital between January 2012 and March 2015. In-hospital delays and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage rates were compared between patients pre- and postmodification, and the latter period was divided into early (first 6 months) and late (beyond 6 months) phases to assess the durability of our modifications. Results: Forty-eight individuals were treated premodification compared with 58 postmodification. The median DTN time was reduced from 75 to 46 minutes (p<0.0001). The median DTN time in the early and late postmodification phases was not significantly different (41 vs 46 minutes, p=0.4085). There was no significant difference in rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (4.2 vs 1.7%, p=0.361) or stroke mimics (2.1 ves 5.2%, p=0.625) Conclusions: We were able to decrease our DTN time for acute stroke thrombolysis by implementing relatively simple modifications and these improvements persisted over time.

EFFECTS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY DISPERSED OIL ON TROPICAL MARINE COMMUNITIES: A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Ballou ◽  
Stephen C. Hess ◽  
Richard E. Dodge ◽  
Anthony H. Knap ◽  
Thomas D. Sleeter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Chemically Dispersed Oil ◽  
Term Field

ABSTRACT A multidisciplinary long-term field experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of chemical dispersants to reduce the adverse environmental effects of oil spills in nearshore, tropical waters. Three study sites, whose intertidal and subtidal components consisted of mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, were studied in detail before, during, and after exposure to untreated crude oil or chemically dispersed oil. This study simulated an unusually high (“worst case”) exposure level of dispersed oil and a moderate exposure level of untreated oil. The third site served as an untreated reference site. Assessments were made of the distribution and extent of contamination by hydrocarbons over time, and the short- and long-term effects on survival, abundance, and growth of the dominant flora and fauna of each habitat. The whole, untreated oil had severe, long-term effects on survival of mangroves and associated fauna, and relatively minor effects on seagrasses, corals, and associated organisms. Chemically dispersed oil caused declines in the abundance of corals, sea urchins, and other reef organisms, reduced coral growth rate in one species, and had minor or no effects on seagrasses and mangroves. Conclusions were drawn from these results on decision making for actual spills based on trade-offs between dispersing or not dispersing the oil. This report deals only with the major results of the study. A large number of parameters were monitored, but in the interest of brevity only the most important aspects of the study are reported here. A detailed description of the methods used and a complete presentation and discussion of results is given in Ballou et al.2

Synchroshear Versus Conventional Shear Mechanisms in Transitionmetal Disilicides with the C40 Structure

1999 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Inui ◽  
M. Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Basal Slip ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Onset Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temperature Group

AbstractThe deformation behavior of (0001) <1210> basal slip in single crystals of five different transitionmetal disilicides with the C40 structure has been investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 1500°C in compression. These disilicides are found to be classified into two groups depending on the onset temperature for plastic flow. The low-temperature group, which consists of VSi2, NbSi2 and TaSi2, exhibits the onset temperature for plastic flow around 0.3 T/Tm (melting temperature) and deforms by a conventional shear mechanism. In contrast, the high temperature group, which consists of CrSi2 and Mo(Si,Al)2, exhibits the onset temperature around 0.6T/Tm and deforms by a synchroshear mechanism. Factors affecting the deformation mechanism in these C40 disilicides are discussed in terms of directionality of atomic bonding and the relative stability of the C40 phase with respect to the C11b phase.

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