Love in a Colonial Climate: Marriage, Sex and Romance in Nineteenth-Century Bengal

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Raychaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
World Views ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Sexual Impulse ◽  
Different Cultures

Studies concerned with the intimate areas of human experience suggest that the institutions and social mores structured around the instinctive drives of mankind—such as sex, love and fear, are not meant to serve the same purpose in every culture. Belief systems, world views and culturally-determined expectations from life determine the texture, causation and expression of even our very basic emotions. Nature's purpose for the sexual impulse may be the propagation of the species, but in controlling and harnessing this drive for the ends of social cohesion, different cultures have had very different objectives in view and used very different means. The emotive affects associated with its expression have also varied accordingly.

scholarly journals Voices from different cultures: Foundation Phase students’ understanding across

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalie Botha
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Different Cultures

From “How was your day?” to “Remember the time we …”, we use stories as a way to share our experiences, understandings and concerns with others. Stories extend our knowledge and understanding of other people and situations, other culturesand languages by including the emotional expressions of factual information. When so much of family and community life in South Africa remains insular and disconnected from other cultures, other languages and other belief systems, storiescan extend boundaries beyond our single perspectives and experiences to the varying perspectives of others. This becomes particularly important for teachers of young children who may have very different life experiences from those of the children they teach. In this project, we examined storytelling as a way to cross-cultural boundaries and of harnessing the diverse worlds of South African citizens pedagogically. We asked fourth year students in a Foundation Phase teacher education programme to identify a person from a different cultural and linguistic group; and to have that person share a story with them to discover how the experience of listening to stories from different cultures, languages, and belief systems might influence their attitudes towards teaching children with those characteristic differences.

scholarly journals En torno al prólogo y las notas de la traducción al español del Codex, Pharmacopée française de 1837

Çédille ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 215-235
Author(s):  
Manuela Álvarez Jurado ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Different Cultures

Pharmacopeias or Codex arise from the necessity of establishing a text which contains some reference rules which may guarantee the safety and the usefulness of pharmaceutical products. The significant advancements which took place in the fields of Chemistry and Pharmacy during the nineteenth-century led to an update of these works, in order to include the preparations which had recently been formulated. Forty-eight years passed between the fourth edition of the Pharmacopoea Hispana and the next one, published in 1865. Thus, during all this period there was an absence of an official pharmacopeia. Consequently, Manuel Jiménez decided to translate the 1837 Pharmacopée française. This paper analyzes the paratextual instances of this translation, specifically the prologue and the translator's notes, where the translator becomes visible and acts as a mediator between two different cultures.

Antisemitism as an Ideology and Its General Function

1984 ◽  
pp. 602-652
Author(s):  
Stephen Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
General Function ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Degree Of Coherence ◽  
Private Opinion ◽  
Structural Coherence ◽  
Mode A

This chapter addresses antisemitism as an ideology. If it is compared not with modern political ideologies of which socialism is the model, but with belief-systems that are more “popular,” more common, and more diffuse, with popular religion and mythology, antisemitism can be seen to have a certain unity and structural coherence. It can be seen, too, to have its own “rationality,” its own power of explanation, different from but as compelling as “scientific rationality.” Two further factors lend force to this interpretation. First, antisemitism was not a private opinion, formulated by individuals for themselves; it was a social, cultural phenomenon, an already existing ideological system, to which they adhered with more or less conviction, or which they ignored or rejected. Second, in the last decades of the nineteenth century in France precisely, this system achieved a new degree of coherence; a set of old beliefs and ideas about Jews was articulated and systematized by writers and journalists to serve new functions. Antisemitism was by origin and mode a “popular” ideology, but, in its modern shape, it was formulated by intellectuals.

Avant-garde

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Gammel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Early American ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Different Cultures

The term "avant-garde" has a double meaning, denoting first, the historical movements that started in the late nineteenth century and ended in the 1920s and 1930s, and second, the ongoing practices of radical innovation in art, literature, and fashion in the later twentieth century (often inspired by the historical avant-garde and referred to as the neo-avant-garde). Within the context of modernism, historical avant-garde movements (such as Dada, Futurism, Vorticism, Anarchism, and Constructivism) radicalized innovations in aesthetic forms and content, while also engaging viewers and readers in deliberately shocking new ways. Locked in a dialectical relationship between the avant-garde and modernism, as Richard Murphy has written (1999: 3), the historical avant-garde accelerated the advent of modernism, which routinely appropriated and repackaged avant-garde experimentation in tamer forms. As the Latinate term "avant-garde" took root first France and Italy, and later in Germany and English-speaking countries, the trajectory of the avant-garde’s relationship with, or opposition to, modernism has been theorized in a myriad of different, even conflicting, ways across different cultures. Is the avant-garde an extension of, or a synonym for, modernism (as suggested in some early American criticism) or are the two concepts in opposition to each other (as proposed in Italian and Spanish criticism)?

Class, Community or Nation? Gandhi's Quest for a Popular Consensus in India

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Community Or ◽  
New States ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Class Community

The historian who compares the disintegration of political societies like the Dual Monarchy of Austria and Hungary with the emergence of political societies like India is immediately struck by the different meanings which nationalism can assume in different contexts. The historian who carries out such a comparison would be justified in drawing the conclusion that nationalism in Europe in the nineteenth century was quite different from nationalism in India in the twentieth century. In the former instance, nationalism led to the breakdown of societies which embraced diverse ethnic, cultural and linguistic groups into relatively homogeneous communities; in the latter instance, it ostensibly led to the fusion of peoples who spoke different languages, who belonged to different cultures, and who subscribed to different traditions, into a single nation. The nationalists of Europe pointed with pride to the close ties of language, culture and race which held together the new States of Europe; the nationalists of India, however, pointed with equal pride to their achievement in forging peoples who were racially distinct from each other, and who subscribed to distinct historical traditions, into a single political community.

The End of Love

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Public Life ◽  
July Monarchy ◽  
Nineteenth Century France

When the duc de Choiseul-Praslin, a politician and prominent member of the French aristocracy, killed his wife and then poisoned himself in August 1847, the case shook the foundations of the July Monarchy. In the wake of the affair, conservatives used the murder/suicide to argue that love was a respect for hierarchy, while those on the left saw violence and anomie as stemming from inequality. However, both sides saw women’s affections as crucial to public life and social cohesion. This article thus situates the Choiseul-Praslin affair within the politics of affection and family life in mid-nineteenth-century France.

Antonio Bresciani and the sects: conspiracy myths in an intransigent Catholic response to the Risorgimento

Modern Italy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
John Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Culture War ◽  
World Views ◽  
Secret Societies ◽  
Christian Conversion ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
Female Fighters ◽  
Paranoid Style ◽  
Cultural Historiography

Antonio Bresciani’s notorious trilogy of novels about the revolutions of 1848, starting withL’Ebreo di Verona, first appeared in the earliest issues of the Jesuit periodicalLa Civiltà Cattolicafrom 1850. They constitute an intransigentist attack on the Risorgimento, and portray the events of 1848–1849 as the result of a satanically inspired conspiracy by secret societies. This article re-analyses those novels by placing Bresciani in the context of the ‘culture war’ between lay and religious world views across Europe from the middle of the nineteenth century. The article argues that Bresciani represents a significant case study in the intransigent Catholic response to the kind of patriotic motifs identified by the recent cultural historiography on the Risorgimento. The ‘paranoid style’ of Bresciani’s conspiracy myth is analysed, as is Bresciani’s portrayal of Garibaldi, female fighters, and Jews – in particular the tale of Christian conversion presented inL’Ebreo di Verona. The article argues that, despite its polarising, reactionary intentions, Bresciani’s fiction betrayed many influences from the Romantic culture of the Risorgimento that he claimed to despise.

Honour between Different Cultures and Legal Systems: Social Status, Reputation, Struggles for Recognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Christian Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Different Cultures

This article pursues a comparative approach to honour, a choice determined not only by the fact that anthropology, with regard to other disciplines, has striven to build its specificity on comparative analysis ever since its beginnings in the nineteenth century. A further reason is to steer clear of methodological nationalism,1 i.e. to sidestep forms of Orientalism.2 The point, therefore, is to avoid the pitfall by which issues of honour and its more violent forms, such as honour killings or blood feuds, are downscaled to a ‘Turkish’ or ‘Albanian problem’ or to a phenomenon specific solely to Middle Eastern societies.

scholarly journals New Urbanism and Contextual Relativity: Insights from Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-416
Author(s):  
Crystal Filep ◽  
Michelle Thompson-Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The Common ◽  
The City

Contextual relativities in the diversifying expression of New Urbanism are increasingly important. In this article, we explore the significance of context using a Scandinavian setting as example. We examine two embodiments of the Swedish realisation of New Urban neighbourhoods. Important in our exploration are the relationalities with contemporary contexts and belief systems, since every effort to create space becomes “an elaboration of the beliefs and values of some collection of people, expressed and fostered in their promotion of a preferred reality” (Stokowski, 2002, p. 374). The findings from the study demonstrate that the Swedish New Urban neighbourhood—no matter how meaningful as a communicative form mediating between agents and structures—cannot effect social cohesion or isolation. Rather, form communicates or evokes meaning in a variety of complex ways, suggesting the importance of “look[ing] to multiply…our readings of the city” (Leach, 1997, p. 158), particularly high<em>-</em>level readings that echo notions of the common good. Those concerned with New Urbanism’s embodiments should deliberate on relational fluidities and thereby strike a balance between conceptualising such urban design as either deterministically exceeding its power (Lawhon, 2009) or as side-lined to the whimsical relativity of particular consumers (Latham, 2003; Smith, 2002).

Scientific Realism and the Romantic Reaction Against Reason

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Steven L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Truth Claims

A so-called Romantic counterpoint to the proclamation of the hegemony of reason by Enlightenment thinkers blossomed in the nineteenth century in the form of philosophies that explicitly challenged the rationalist domination of Western philosophy and the truth claims of modern science. Thinkers such as Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Bergson formulated philosophies in which reason played only a limited role either in understanding human affairs or in apprehending reality. For Kierkegaard, reality transcended reason, while for Schopenhauer, human will was the ultimate reality. For Nietzsche, will was the dominant feature of humanity, which guaranteed that reason could not achieve a synoptic understanding of experience, let alone apprehend reality: reasoning could at best achieve partial perspectives on human experience. Bergson offered the most developed alternative to reason, especially modern science-based reasoning, to penetrate experience to reality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document