scholarly journals Vitamin D and risk of CVD: a review of the evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Fry ◽  
Thomas A. B. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Oily Fish

This review summarises evidence for an association between vitamin D status and CVD and the mechanisms involved. Vitamin D3 is predominantly provided by the action of UVB from sunlight on skin. Average UK diets supply 2–3 μg/d vitamin D but diets containing at least one portion of oily fish per week supply about 7 μg/d. Pharmacological doses of vitamin D2 (bolus injection of 7500 μg or intakes >50 μg/d) result in a smaller increase in plasma 25(OH)D than those of D3 but physiological doses 5–25 μg/d seem equivalent. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations are also influenced by clothing, obesity and skin pigmentation. Up to 40 % of the population have plasma 25(OH)D concentrations <25 nmol/l in the winter compared with <10 % in the summer. The relative risk of CVD death is 1·41 (95 % CI 1·18, 1·68) greater in the lowest quintile of plasma 25(OH)D according to meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Acute deficiency may inhibit insulin secretion and promote inflammation thus increasing the risk of plaque rupture and arterial thrombosis. Chronic insufficiency may increase arterial stiffness. There is no evidence to support claims of reduced CVD from existing trials with bone-related health outcomes where vitamin D was usually co-administered with calcium. Although several trials with cardiovascular endpoints are in progress, these are using pharmacological doses. In view of the potential toxicity of pharmacological doses, there remains a need for long-term trials of physiological doses of D2 and D3 with CVD incidence as the primary outcome.

scholarly journals Role of Preoperative Calcium and Vitamin D Therapy to prevent Post-thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghwan suh ◽  
Ju Won Seok ◽  
Keunyoung Kim ◽  
Mi Kyoung Park ◽  
Kyoungjune Pak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
English Language ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptomatic Hypocalcemia

Abstract Purpose: Postsurgical hypocalcemia is the most common and troublesome consequence of thyroidectomy. We investigated the potential role of routine calcium or vitamin D supplementation in preventing postsurgical hypocalcemia. Materials and Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for English-language publications using the keywords “calcium”, “vitamin D”, and “thyroid cancer”. The primary outcome was any postoperative hypocalcemia, and the secondary outcome was symptomatic hypocalcemia. Results: Four studies that included 381 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. The random-effects model showed no significant difference in the occurrence of hypocalcemia between calcium/vitamin D treatment and placebo/no treatment. The occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was lower in patients with calcium/vitamin D treatment. In combined results, preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation was associated with a reduced incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia.Conclusion: We support the use of preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with routine postsurgical supplementation for patients after total thyroidectomy.

scholarly journals Pigment genes not skin pigmentation affect UVB-induced vitamin D

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pameli Datta ◽  
Peter Alshede Philipsen ◽  
Peter Olsen ◽  
Bibi Petersen ◽  
Jeppe Dyrberg Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Pigment Genes

The long-term UVB induced serum 25(OH)D increase was influenced by pigment gene polymorphisms rather than measured facultative skin pigmentation.

The Role of Vitamin D on the Prognosis and Incidence of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxia Qian ◽  
Dina Guo ◽  
Rongrong Fu ◽  
Shuping Qi ◽  
Xiaojun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Vitamin D Intake

Abstract Background: The correlation between vitamin D intake and lung cancer development is controversial. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and the prognosis and incidence of lung cancer. Methods: A comprehensive database search on Pubmed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library was carried out from the beginning to November 2020. Long-term survival and the incidence rate of patients with lung cancer were the primary outcomes of the study. Results: Ten eligible studies were selected for the meta-analysis following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four included studies, covering 5007 patients, compared the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of lung cancer patients among total vitamin D users with non-users. Significantly, the estimated pooled hazard ratio (HR) revealed that vitamin D could improve OS and RFS of lung cancer patients [HR=0.83, 95% CI (0.72-0.95); HR=0.79, 95% CI (0.61-0.97), respectively]. Vitamin D intake was inversely associated with lung cancer incidence in six studies [OR=0.90, 95% CI (0.83-0.97)]. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis shows vitamin D not only improves the long-term survival of lung cancer patients but has a beneficial effect on the incidence of lung cancer. Notwithstanding, more studies are needed to confirm the study results.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. R173-R182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Donghua Xu ◽  
Zhaohai Jing ◽  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Shengli Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on type 2 diabetes risk, a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed.MethodsLiterature search was conducted with Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science for prospective cohort studies investigating the association of type 2 diabetes risk with increments in particulate matter (PM, diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <10 μm (PM10)) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We used a random-effects model to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.ResultsOf 808 identified articles, ten cohort studies were finally included, which involved a total of 2 371 907 participants and 21 095 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. Elevated risk of type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with long-term exposures to high levels of PM2.5 (RR=1.28, 95% CI 1.06–1.55,P=0.009,I2=83.5%), PM10 (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30,P=0.022,I2=0%), and NO2(RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23,P=0.015,I2=63.5%). When using standardized risk estimates, the RRs of type 2 diabetes were significant for increments in concentrations of PM2.5 (1.39 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.14–1.68,P=0.001), PM10 (1.34 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.22–1.47,P<0.001), and NO2(1.11 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.07–1.16,P<0.001). No obvious evidence of publication bias was observed.ConclusionLong-term exposure to high levels of main air pollutants is significantly associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and small for gestational age: evidence from a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Beibei Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Si Li ◽  
Fangbiao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectiveTo determine whether maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with small for gestational age (SGA).MethodsA comprehensive literature search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Elsevier ScienceDirect library was conducted to identify relevant articles reporting prospective cohort studies in English, with the last report included published in February 2017. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the correlation in a random effects model.ResultsA total of 13 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis with a sample of 28 285 individuals from seven countries. The pooled overall OR for babies born SGA was 1.588 (95%CI 1.138 to 2.216; p<0.01) for women with vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy varied from 13.2% to 77.3%. Subgroup analyses identified no significant differences in the association between vitamin D deficiency and SGA based on study quality, gestational week during which blood sampling was performed, cut-off vitamin D levels, sample size, adjustment for critical confounders and method for measuring vitamin D.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of SGA.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency and mortality risk in the general population: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Zittermann ◽  
Simona Iodice ◽  
Stefan Pilz ◽  
William B Grant ◽  
Vincenzo Bagnardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies
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