scholarly journals The prevalence and economic burden of obesity in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rurik. Imre ◽  
Ungvári. Tímea ◽  
Semánová Csilla ◽  
Iski Gabriella
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract IntroductionThe prevalence of obesity is growing continuously worldwide, even in Hungary. Since 1988, when the first professional wide-range evaluation was performed, only limited data were available. There were no reports of health care expenses related to obesity.MethodsAnthropometric parameters were measured, presence of metabolic diseases were questioned in primary&community care settings. Data were compared with previous data from 1988.Yearly data of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA) were collected, regarding finances of secondary care, hospital services and health insurance reimbursement for medications, based on selected morbidities linked to obesity.ResultsData of 0.55 percent of the population above 18 year were registered in all geographical regions of Hungary (43,287 persons; 17,901 males and 25,386 females), close to the proper national representativeness.The overall prevalence rate of overweight among men was 40%, while obesity 32%, by women both was close to 32%. In the different age groups of men, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was: 18–34 y = 32.7% and 18.2%, between 35–59 y = 40.1% and 34.4%, over 60 y = 43.5% and 38.8%. Among women, in the same age categories were: 19.6% and 5.7%, 36.8% and 38.7%, 36.5% and 39.7%. Data of BMIs and waist-circumference were presented according to age, by decades and by type of residency as well. The highest ratio of overweight was registered among men with the highest educational level, while highest ratio of obesity among women having the lowest education. Obesity according to BMI and abdominal obesity was the highest in the villages, especially among females. Registered metabolic morbidities were strongly correlated with BMIs and both were inversely related to the level of urbanization.The estimated total public health expenditures were 58,986 Million HUF (190.3 Million EUR) and the financial contribution of patients was calculated as 25,316 Million HUF (82 Million EUR). These data represent 9,3 % of the whole national health services budget (908,011 Million HUF - 2929 Million EUR)) and 30 % of the whole drug-reimbursement budget (296,024 Million HUF - -955 Million EUR).ConclusionsOver the previous decades, the ratio of the overweight and even the obese persons increased significantly, it was most prominent among males, mainly in younger generation.Expenditures for all obesity related pathologies could be estimated between 0.5–1 % of the national GDP.Obesity means a serious medical, public health and economic problem, requires higher public and political awareness.

Expenditures Of Metabolic Diseases – An Estimation on National Health Care Expenditures of Diabetes and Obesity, Hungary 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Gabriella Iski ◽  
Sarolta Rurik ◽  
Imre Rurik
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Abstract Background Obesity could be considered as the main consequence of unhealthy nutrition, responsible for many pathological alterations in human. Obese patients usually need more health care services. The aim of the study was to estimate the financial expenditures of health care provisions in Hungary, related to obesity and diabetes, as its main pathological consequence. Methods Data of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) were collected for 2013, regarding finances of secondary care, hospital services, reimbursement for medications and healing aids of diabetic patients together with selected morbidities linked to obesity, based on the codes of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and calculated their population prevalence on the population-attributable fraction (PAF). Results Financial data regarding diabetes care resulted in a 40,311 Million HUF (129 Million EUR) national fund expenses, beside a 7,173 Million HUF (23 Million EUR) contribution from patients. Estimated total health care expenditures related to obesity were 58,986 Million HUF (188 Million EUR) and the financial contribution of patients was calculated as 25,316 Million HUF (81 Million EUR). These data represent a 5.2% and 9.3% of the whole national health services, 16% and 30% of the whole drug-reimbursement budgets, respectively. Conclusions Although expenditures for some obesity related pathologies analyzed in this paper represent 0.28% of the national GDP, considering other morbidities and other patient’s expenses, the real ratio could be between 0.5–1%. The increasing number of overweight and obese persons requires more focus in public health, higher awareness in the society and more governmental support.

Lipid-lowering therapy and patient adherence in the MULTI GAP 2013 trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (17) ◽  
pp. 669-675
Author(s):  
Gábor Simonyi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Health Insurance Fund ◽  
National Health Insurance Fund

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor. To achieve lipid targets patient adherence is a particularly important issue. Aim: To assess adherence and persistence to statin therapy in patients with atherosclerotic disease who participated in the MULTI Goal Attainment Problem 2013 (MULTI GAP 2013) study. Patient adherence was assessed using estimation by the physicians in charge and analysis of pick up rate of prescribed statins in 319 patients based on data of National Health Insurance Fund Administration of Hungary. Method: In the MULTI GAP 2013 study, data from standard and structured questionnaires of 1519 patients were processed. Serum lipid values of patients treated by different healthcare professionals (general practitioners, cardiologists, diabetologists, neurologists, and internists), treatment adherence of patients assessed by doctors and treatment adherence based on data of National Health Insurance Fund Administration of Hungary were analysed. Satisfaction of doctors with results of statin therapy and the relationship between the level of adherence and serum lipid values were also evaluated. Results: Considering the last seven years of survey data, the use of more effective statins became more prevalent with an about 70% increase of prescriptions of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin from 49% to 83%. Patients with LDL-cholesterol level below 2.5 mmol/l had 8 prescriptions per year. In contrast, patients who had LDL-cholesterol levels above 2.5 mmol/l had only 5.3–6.3 prescriptions per year. Patients who picked up their statins 10–12 or 7–9 times per year had significantly lower LDL-cholesterol level than those who had no or 1–3 pick up. The 100% persistence assessed by doctors was significantly lower (74%) based on data from the National Health Insurance Fund Administration of Hungary. About half of the patients were considered to display 100% adherence to lipid-lowering therapy by their doctors, while data from the National Health Insurance Fund Administration of Hungary showed only 36%. In patients with better adherence (90–100%) LDL-cholesterol levels below 2.5 mmol/l were more frequent (59.5%) compared to those with worse adherence. Satisfaction of doctors with lipid targets achieved was 69–80% in patients with total cholesterol between 4.5 and 6 mmol/l, and satisfaction with higher cholesterol values was also high (53–54%). Conclusions: The results show that doctors may overestimate patient adherence to lipid-lowering treatment. Based on data from the National Health Insurance Fund Administration of Hungary, satisfaction of doctors with high lipid level appears to be high. There is a need to optimize not only patient adherence, but adherence of doctors to lipid guidelines too.

Effectivity of National Health Insurance on Maternal Health in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Nur Octavia ◽  
◽  
Pandu Riono ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Population Studies

Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia

scholarly journals Prices of medicines for the management of pain, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in private pharmacies and the national health insurance in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Bakari Kirua ◽  
Mary Justin Temu ◽  
Amani Thomas Mori
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
High Price ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Reference Prices ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background High price is a major challenge limiting access to essential medicines especially among the poorest families in developing countries. The study aims to compare the prices of medicines used in the management of pain, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in private pharmacies and the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) in Tanzania. Pharmacy prices were also compared with the prices of medicines surveyed nationally by WHO/HAI in 2012. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Dodoma, and Kilimanjaro regions from February to April 2015. Data were collected from 33 private pharmacies, NHIF and, the HAI database. The study used the WHO/HAI methodology. The analysis was done using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc pair-wise comparison Dunn test, while a possible change in prices between our survey and 2012 WHO/HAI national survey data was tested using a Sign test in Stata version 16.1. Results Twenty-eight essential medicines, of which 9 are used for management of pain, 7 for diabetes, and 12 for cardiovascular diseases were analyzed. There was a significant difference in the mean pharmacy prices of some medicines between the regions and between the pharmacies and NHIF reference prices. NHIF reference prices were higher than the pharmacy prices for 16 of the 28 medicines. There was a significant increase in the prices of 5 out of the 8 medicines that were also nationally surveyed by the WHO/HAI in 2012. Conclusion The study found that medicine prices in private pharmacies vary a lot between the study regions, which raises equity concerns. Also, there was a significant difference between the pharmacy and the NHIF reimbursement prices, which may expose patients to fraudulent co-payments or hinder timely access to prescribed medicines. Therefore, effective price control policies and regulations for medicines are warranted in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Szociális ellátások a társadalombiztosítási családtámogatás rendszerében

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ivett Szombati
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Health Insurance Fund ◽  
The Social

Introduction and aim: In my study, analysing the data available from the change of the regime to the present day, from among the social services, I examine the changes of the financial support relating to children and its parts which are currently financed from the budget of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary, with special emphasis on the Child Care Benefit and the Child Care Allowance and their modifications. Data and methods: Within the framework of our research, we analyze – through data from the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary, the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Hungarian State Treasury as well as on the basis of literature review – the social financial support and its changes, within the family policy system. Results: Hungarian family policy is still driven by the attitude of staying at home for three years with the child. The long period spent at home with the children fundamentally affects the adjustment of mothers to the labour market which has a direct effect on the economic productivity. Even though according to the current regulations, mothers are allowed to work full-time besides receiving child care allowance after their child fills 6 months, part-time employment and telework is still in its infancy compared to the Western-European countries. Based on our research, high percentage of families go for the child care benefit directly after the birth of the child thus not participating in the labour market processes. Besides if they do participate, the percentage of employment on minimal wage is still very high which means that in 2016–2017 36% of families with two breadwinners and two children were forced to survive on subsistence income. Conclusion: In the examined period, we found that social and family policy changes unfortunately were not able to react sufficiently to the demographic challenges despite Hungary spending significantly more on family policy than other European and OECD countries. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(Suppl 1): 43–48.

scholarly journals Health benefits of physical activity with special reference to interaction with diet

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Vuori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractRegular physical activity causes numerous and substantial performance-improving And health-enhancing effects. Most of them are highly predictable, dose-dependent and generalizable to a wide range of population groups. Many of the biological effects of regular, moderate physical activity translate into substantially reduced risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, maturity onset diabetes, overweight and obesity, and osteoporosis. These effects also substantially reduce the risk of deterioration of functional capacity. In the genesis of these conditions, alack of physical activity and inadequate nutrition act synergistically and in part additively, and they operate largely through the same pathways. It is conceivable to suggest that the prevalence of, e.g, the above mentioned metabolic diseases is so high in Europe largely because of the high prevalence of sedentariness and inadequate nutrition. Thus, both physical activity and nutrition have to be given strong emphasis in policies, strategies and programmes that will be developed and implemented for improving the health of Europeans.

scholarly journals A cukorbeteg-ellátás mutatóinak alakulása Magyarországon 2001–2014 között. Az Országos Egészségbiztosítási Pénztár adatbázis-elemzésének célja és módszertana

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (32) ◽  
pp. 1259-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Jermendy ◽  
Péter Kempler ◽  
Zsolt Abonyi-Tóth ◽  
György Rokszin ◽  
István Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Health Insurance Fund ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
National Health Insurance Fund ◽  
Antidiabetic Treatment ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Central Database

In the last couple of years, database analyses have become increasingly popular among clinical-epidemiological investigations. In Hungary, the National Health Insurance Fund serves as central database of all medical attendances in state departments and purchases of drug prescriptions in pharmacies. Data from in- and outpatient departments as well as those from pharmacies are regularly collected in this database which is public and accessible on request. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the database of the National Health Insurance Fund in order to analyze the diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality in the period of years 2001–2014. Moreover, data of therapeutic costs, features of hospitalizations and practice of antidiabetic treatment were examined. The authors report now on the method of the database analysis. It is to be hoped that the upcoming results of this investigation will add some new data to recent knowledge about diabetes care in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(32), 1259–1265.

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