scholarly journals Health benefits of physical activity with special reference to interaction with diet

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Vuori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractRegular physical activity causes numerous and substantial performance-improving And health-enhancing effects. Most of them are highly predictable, dose-dependent and generalizable to a wide range of population groups. Many of the biological effects of regular, moderate physical activity translate into substantially reduced risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, maturity onset diabetes, overweight and obesity, and osteoporosis. These effects also substantially reduce the risk of deterioration of functional capacity. In the genesis of these conditions, alack of physical activity and inadequate nutrition act synergistically and in part additively, and they operate largely through the same pathways. It is conceivable to suggest that the prevalence of, e.g, the above mentioned metabolic diseases is so high in Europe largely because of the high prevalence of sedentariness and inadequate nutrition. Thus, both physical activity and nutrition have to be given strong emphasis in policies, strategies and programmes that will be developed and implemented for improving the health of Europeans.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Biological Effects of Dietary Phenolic Compounds and their Metabolites on Energy Metabolism, Inflammation and Aging

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa ◽  
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
Sandra Pimentel-Moral ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence

Dietary phenolic compounds are considered as bioactive compounds that have effects in different chronic disorders related to oxidative stress, inflammation process, or aging. These compounds, coming from a wide range of natural sources, have shown a pleiotropic behavior on key proteins that act as regulators. In this sense, this review aims to compile information on the effect exerted by the phenolic compounds and their metabolites on the main metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory response, aging and their relationship with the biological properties reported in high prevalence chronic diseases. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated their pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action and these findings raise the possibility that phenolic compounds have a wide variety of roles in different targets.

Do lifestyle choices influence the development of overweight and obesity in the South African Air Force?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Haasbroek ◽  
Ronette Lategan-Potgieter ◽  
Cornel Van Rooyen ◽  
Marizeth Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South African ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
The South ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background: An increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported globally amongst the general public as well as military populations around the world. No information about the prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as the lifestyle choices that influence the development is available for the South African military population. The aim of this study was too determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity at Air Force Base Bloemspruit in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa, as well as the dietary and lifestyle factors and physical activity which may play a role in the development thereof. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on active military personnel, by taking anthropometric measurements and collecting data using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A high prevalence of overweight (38.6%) and obesity (36.1%) was identified in the study population. No significant associations were detected between lifestyle factors or physical activity and body mass index (BMI). The majority of participants (59.6%) consumed three meals per day. Meal frequency did not differ between different BMI categories, and no associations were found between meal frequency and being overweight or obese. Inadequate intakes of fruit and vegetables were observed. Conclusion: A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in this study, which calls for urgent intervention. No associations were, however found between dietary and lifestyle factors and the presence of overweight and/or obesity. Further investigation is required to identify the causes of overweight and obesity and effective ways to address this health challenge.

scholarly journals Lactate Fluxes and Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: A Redox Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Lagarde ◽  
Yannick Jeanson ◽  
Jean-Charles Portais ◽  
Anne Galinier ◽  
Isabelle Ader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Wide Range

Lactate, a metabolite produced when the glycolytic flux exceeds mitochondrial oxidative capacities, is now viewed as a critical regulator of metabolism by acting as both a carbon and electron carrier and a signaling molecule between cells and tissues. In recent years, increasing evidence report its key role in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue biology, and highlights new mechanisms by which lactate participates in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. Lactate displays a wide range of biological effects in adipose cells not only through its binding to the membrane receptor but also through its transport and the subsequent effect on intracellular metabolism notably on redox balance. This study explores how lactate regulates adipocyte metabolism and plasticity by balancing intracellular redox state and by regulating specific signaling pathways. We also emphasized the contribution of adipose tissues to the regulation of systemic lactate metabolism, their roles in redox homeostasis, and related putative physiopathological repercussions associated with their decline in metabolic diseases and aging.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Reproductive Age Women of Kaski District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Narayan Tripathi ◽  
Arun Kumar Koirala ◽  
Rojana Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are associated with numerous comorbidities so they are of great public health concern. In Nepal, the proportion of overweight and obese women of reproductive age has been gradually increasing which marks obesity as a serious public health challenge. The study aimed to assess the factors associated with overweight and obesity among reproductive aged women residing in Pokhara metropolitan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 278 married women of reproductive age at Pokhara metropolitan, Kaski district, Nepal using probability proportional to size sampling method. Face to face interview was conducted among respondents through pretested questionnaire. Similarly, height and weight were also measured. Based on anthropometric measurements, Body Mass Index was computed and defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. The association between overweight /obesity and the explanatory variables were assessed in bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and the association was further explored by using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 49.6%; with 33.7% of overweight and 15.9 % of obesity. Factors associated with overweight/obesity were age (AOR= 13.85, 95% CI: 5.77-40.80), business as occupation (AOR=7.39, 95%CI: 2.25-14.17), fast food consumption of three or more times a week (AOR=3.42, 95%CI: 1.01-11.63), energy intake above the RDA (AOR=5.45; 95%CI: 2.19-13.55), low or moderate physical activity level (AOR=2.84; 95%CI: 1.18-6.83) and multiparity (AOR=17.80; 95%CI: 4.04-89.06). Conclusions: The study provides evidence that the prevalence of overweight, obesity is remarkably high in married women of reproductive age in Pokhara metropolitan. The study concluded older age, business as occupation, consumption of fast foods for three or more times per week, low or moderate physical activity level, energy intake above the RDA and multiparty had higher odds of being overweight/obesity. On the other hand fruits and vegetables consumption were found to be protective against overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals The ambiguity of physical activity, exercise and atrial fibrillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Morseth ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Inger Ariansen ◽  
Marius Myrstad ◽  
Dag S Thelle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Intensive Exercise ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

Although commonly associated with cardiovascular disease or other medical conditions, atrial fibrillation may also occur in individuals without any known underlying conditions. This manifestation of atrial fibrillation has been linked to extensive and long-term exercise, as prolonged endurance exercise has shown to increase prevalence and risk of atrial fibrillation. In contrast, more modest physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of atrial fibrillation, and current research indicates a J-shaped association between atrial fibrillation and the broad range of physical activity and exercise. This has led to the hypothesis that the mechanisms underlying an increased risk of atrial fibrillation with intensive exercise are different from those underlying a reduced risk with moderate physical activity, possibly linked to distinctive characteristics of the population under study. High volumes of exercise over many years performed by lean, healthy endurance trained athletes may lead to cardiac (patho)physiological alterations involving the autonomic nervous system and remodelling of the heart. The mechanisms underlying a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation with light and moderate physical activity may involve a distinctive pathway, as physical activity can potentially reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation through favourable effects on cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Effects of walkability on physical activity and obesity: a prospective observational study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e034882
Author(s):  
Yalan Zhang ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Jiayang Shi ◽  
Zongtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Medical University ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, which could lead to a set of chronic and metabolic diseases. Physical activity is a modifiable factor for obesity, which was reported to be correlated with the built environment. However, the effects of the built environment on physical activity are not consistent. Walkability is a convenient way to assess the built environment. We aim to prospectively explore the relationship among walkability, physical activity and obesity in Chinese participants in Chongqing, a hilly city and provide evidence for future urban planning.Methods and analysisParticipants will be recruited from people who receive health examination in the Health Management Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University. Exposure variables are WalkScores calculated within the areas around workplace and residential addresses of participants. The primary outcomes are body mass index measured through health examination at baseline and follow-ups, and daily walking steps recorded by WeChat mini application for 30 days after every time of health examination. Other health-related data of the participants will also be collected. Multivariate regression analysis will be performed to examine the relationship between exposure variables and outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe Protocol is approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University (KY201839). The results will be actively disseminated through peer-review journals and conference publications.Registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800017680).

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SLEEP QUALITY AND LIFESTYLE HABITS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Monique Araujo ◽  
Bruna Turi-Lynch ◽  
Rômulo Fernandes ◽  
Jamile Codogno ◽  
Everton Zanuto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Private University ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Bodymass Index

The aim of this study was to verify sleep quality, as well as its determinants, among college students of a private university in Brazil. The sample consisted of 303 college students. Sleep quality was assessed by the Mini-sleep Questionnaire,and other variables included current physical activity, previous physical activity, sedentary behavior, bodymass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, and employment. We found a significant association between bad sleep quality and body mass index (p=0.001), alcohol consumption (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.005) and employment (p=0.030). However, having a job was considered a protective factor for bad sleep quality (OR=0.66 [0.40;0.98]), regardless of other factors. College students present a high prevalence of altered sleep, having as determinants alcohol consumption, smoking, overweight, and obesity. On the other hand, being employed was shown to be a protective factor for bad sleep quality.

scholarly journals Diet-Related Factors, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in Polish Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz ◽  
Jerzy Gębski ◽  
Marta Plichta ◽  
Dominika Guzek ◽  
Małgorzata Kosicka-Gębska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Food Consumed

Obesity is a serious problem for both the individual and society due to its health and economic consequences. Therefore, there is a need to focus on factors which explain this phenomenon and may be useful in preventing future occurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle factors coexisting with increased body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in Polish adults, including factors related to diet (dietary patterns—DPs; dietary restrictions; number of meals; frequency of snacking, eating out, and ordering home delivery meals), physical activity, and sociodemographic characteristics. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was carried out in 2016 amongst 972 Polish adults under the Life Style Study (LSS). To determine the factorscoexisting with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, the logistic regression model was developed. Women were less likely to be overweight or obese compared to men. The likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 increased with age by 4% in each subsequent year of life. Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, adhering to restrictions in quantity of food consumed and at least moderate physical activity during leisure time decreased the likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. More frequent consumption of meat and eating five or more meals a day increased the likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Diet-related factors explained the developed model better than factors related to physical activity, however, age and gender were the factors most strongly correlated with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Therefore, development of strategies to prevent and reduce overweight and obesity should focus on the demographic characteristics of the population, and then on teaching behaviors conducive for reducing the amount of food consumed, especially meat. However, physical activity in leisure time should also be included in the prevention of obesity.

scholarly journals The prevalence and economic burden of obesity in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rurik. Imre ◽  
Ungvári. Tímea ◽  
Semánová Csilla ◽  
Iski Gabriella
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract IntroductionThe prevalence of obesity is growing continuously worldwide, even in Hungary. Since 1988, when the first professional wide-range evaluation was performed, only limited data were available. There were no reports of health care expenses related to obesity.MethodsAnthropometric parameters were measured, presence of metabolic diseases were questioned in primary&community care settings. Data were compared with previous data from 1988.Yearly data of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA) were collected, regarding finances of secondary care, hospital services and health insurance reimbursement for medications, based on selected morbidities linked to obesity.ResultsData of 0.55 percent of the population above 18 year were registered in all geographical regions of Hungary (43,287 persons; 17,901 males and 25,386 females), close to the proper national representativeness.The overall prevalence rate of overweight among men was 40%, while obesity 32%, by women both was close to 32%. In the different age groups of men, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was: 18–34 y = 32.7% and 18.2%, between 35–59 y = 40.1% and 34.4%, over 60 y = 43.5% and 38.8%. Among women, in the same age categories were: 19.6% and 5.7%, 36.8% and 38.7%, 36.5% and 39.7%. Data of BMIs and waist-circumference were presented according to age, by decades and by type of residency as well. The highest ratio of overweight was registered among men with the highest educational level, while highest ratio of obesity among women having the lowest education. Obesity according to BMI and abdominal obesity was the highest in the villages, especially among females. Registered metabolic morbidities were strongly correlated with BMIs and both were inversely related to the level of urbanization.The estimated total public health expenditures were 58,986 Million HUF (190.3 Million EUR) and the financial contribution of patients was calculated as 25,316 Million HUF (82 Million EUR). These data represent 9,3 % of the whole national health services budget (908,011 Million HUF - 2929 Million EUR)) and 30 % of the whole drug-reimbursement budget (296,024 Million HUF - -955 Million EUR).ConclusionsOver the previous decades, the ratio of the overweight and even the obese persons increased significantly, it was most prominent among males, mainly in younger generation.Expenditures for all obesity related pathologies could be estimated between 0.5–1 % of the national GDP.Obesity means a serious medical, public health and economic problem, requires higher public and political awareness.

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