scholarly journals Fluid intake in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Tláskal ◽  
Marieta Baliková
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
School Children ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Urine Osmolarity ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Total Calorie ◽  
Full Day

AbstractIntroductionWe monitored fluid intake in children. The hydration of children during morning school classes and on consumption of high-calorie drinks. Subclinical dehydration, expressed as urine osmolarity above 800 mmol / kg, may result in lack of concentration and less effective listening.Population and methodologyThe population included 3,360 children aged as follows: a) 6–35 months, b) 4–6 years, c) 7–10 years d) 11–14 years. 103 children aged 10.3 ± 1 years were included in the study regarding body hydration. The evaluation looked at the intake of food and fluids consumed by children in full-day diet over a period of 3 to 5 days and recorded by the Nutridan program. Child hydration was assessed using three urine osmolarity samples taken at bedtime, in the morning and just before lunch break. The data was evaluated statistically against the reference values for nutrient intake of DACH.Results and discussionThe median water intake in children was 101–103% of the Dietary Reference Values (DRV). In the b, c, d groups, the median was 81% - 82%, i.e 75% of DRV. 10% of 4 to 6-year-old children had water intake below 49% of DRV, 10% of 7 to 10 year-olds less than 54% of DRV and 10% of 11 to 14-year-olds less than 50% of DRV. A study regarding school children has showed that only 70% of the children drink at breakfast. 27% of the children do not consume any fluids in the morning. The mean urine osmolarity was 724 in the morning and 738 mmol / kg just before lunch. Children who had drunk less than 250 ml of water during breakfast or less than 400 ml of water during breakfast and second breakfast had a urine osmolarity of 910 and 850 mmol / kg respectively just before lunch. In school children, the proportion of sugars received from sweetened beverages accounted for 19.1% of their total calorie intake. 10% of the children in groups c) and d) had this value higher than 28.2 and 30.4% respectively. The results based on full-day diet show that sweetened drinks account for 79% of fluids consumed by children at school, whereas only for 72% at home.The results of our studies have identified the areas where it is necessary to provide education regarding nutrition of children, to raise awareness of the importance of fluid intake, particularly focusing on the systematic approach and the choice of appropriate beverages ensuring adequate fluid intake.

scholarly journals Twenty-Four-Hour Urine Osmolality as a Physiological Index of Adequate Water Intake

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica T. Perrier ◽  
Inmaculada Buendia-Jimenez ◽  
Mariacristina Vecchio ◽  
Lawrence E. Armstrong ◽  
Ivan Tack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Total Fluid Intake ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Dose Response Effect

While associations exist between water, hydration, and disease risk, research quantifying the dose-response effect of water on health is limited. Thus, the water intake necessary to maintain optimal hydration from a physiological and health standpoint remains unclear. The aim of this analysis was to derive a 24 h urine osmolality (UOsm) threshold that would provide an index of “optimal hydration,” sufficient to compensate water losses and also be biologically significant relative to the risk of disease. Ninety-five adults (31.5 ± 4.3 years, 23.2 ± 2.7 kg·m−2) collected 24 h urine, provided morning blood samples, and completed food and fluid intake diaries over 3 consecutive weekdays. A UOsmthreshold was derived using 3 approaches, taking into account European dietary reference values for water; total fluid intake, and urine volumes associated with reduced risk for lithiasis and chronic kidney disease and plasma vasopressin concentration. The aggregate of these approaches suggest that a 24 h urine osmolality ≤500 mOsm·kg−1may be a simple indicator of optimal hydration, representing a total daily fluid intake adequate to compensate for daily losses, ensure urinary output sufficient to reduce the risk of urolithiasis and renal function decline, and avoid elevated plasma vasopressin concentrations mediating the increased antidiuretic effort.

scholarly journals Assessing Intake of Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Adolescents: its Relationship with Weight Status

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
Laura Mihalache ◽  
Otilia Niță ◽  
Andreea Gherasim ◽  
Irina Ringhilescu ◽  
Alina Delia Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background and aims. The aim of the study is to evaluate fluid intake during adolescence and correlate it with weight status. Material and methods. We assessed fluid intake using a validated questionnaire in a group of 106 adolescent students (22 boys - 20.8%), aged 15-19 years. Weight status was evaluated with the BMI-for-age values,using growth normograms. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of water intake between sexes (p>0.05). Water intake at least 3 times a day was declared by 72.16% of normal weight students and in 66% of overweight and obese, the difference being statistically significant (p=0.003). Boys consumed larger amounts of water (p=0.042) than girls. Intake of 100% natural fruit juice was significantly higher in boys compared to girls (p=0.002). A significantly higher percentage of normal weight adolescents consumed≤500 mL/day non-carbonated (p=0.004) and carbonated (p<0.001) sugar-sweetened beverages compared to the overweight or obese, who consumed ≥500 mL/day. Conclusions. The quantitative and qualitative assessment of fluid intake among adolescents is a mandatory step in the assessment of calorie and nutritional intake. Promoting low-calorie fluid intake in this age group, along with the principles of healthy eating, could contribute to achieving an optimal weight status.

EURRECA’s Approach for Estimating Micronutrient Requirements

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Matthys ◽  
Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽  
Lisette de Groot ◽  
Lee Hooper ◽  
Adriënne E.J.M. Cavelaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Factorial Approach ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
Quantitative Integration

In Europe, micronutrient dietary reference values have been established by (inter)national committees of experts and are used by public health policy decision-makers to monitor and assess the adequacy of diets within population groups. The approaches used to derive dietary reference values (including average requirements) vary considerably across countries, and so far no evidence-based reason has been identified for this variation. Nutrient requirements are traditionally based on the minimum amount of a nutrient needed by an individual to avoid deficiency, and is defined by the body’s physiological needs. Alternatively the requirement can be defined as the intake at which health is optimal, including the prevention of chronic diet-related diseases. Both approaches are confronted with many challenges (e. g., bioavailability, inter and intra-individual variability). EURRECA has derived a transparent approach for the quantitative integration of evidence on Intake-Status-Health associations and/or Factorial approach (including bioavailability) estimates. To facilitate the derivation of dietary reference values, EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) is developing a process flow chart to guide nutrient requirement-setting bodies through the process of setting dietary reference values, which aims to facilitate the scientific alignment of deriving these values.

Nutritional Intervention May Improve Body Mass Index of Malnourished Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients – A Preliminary Observation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Hou Y.C. ◽  
Hsieh Y.L. ◽  
Tzeng I.S. ◽  
Kuo C.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Calorie ◽  
Total Calorie Intake

Malnutrition is an important issue in hospitalized patients. Poor nutrition may lead to increased risk of morbidity and death, impaired mental and physical conditions, apathy, depression, self-neglect, increased risk of medical complications, increased risk of pressure ulcers, reduced immune response, delayed wound healing, longer hospital stays, and reduced quality of life. However, few studies have investigated malnutrition in psychiatric patients. Psychiatric patients are known to have an increased risk of malnutrition, but psychiatric hospitals rarely conduct physical examinations and nutritional assessments. In this preliminary study, patients from a psychiatric ward of the Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital were chosen using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. We used the before-and-after analysis to test the effect of a nutrition intervention on the selected parameters. We found that patients who had an impaired nutritional status showed significant increases in body weight (mean: 43.6 ± 7.5 vs. 46.5 ± 8.2 kg; P < 0.001), BMI (mean: 16.8 ± 2.0 vs. 17.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2; P < 0.001), and total calorie intake (mean: 1128 ± 230 vs. 1378 ± 320 Kcal; P < 0.001). Nutritional intervention significantly improved body weight, BMI, and total calorie intake. Nutritional intervention may help prevent malnutrition and improve the management of psychiatric patients.

scholarly journals Dietary reference values for sodium

EFSA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dominique Turck ◽  
Jacqueline Castenmiller ◽  
Stefaan de Henauw ◽  
Karen‐Ildico Hirsch‐Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Dietary Reference Values

Cardiac-Autonomic and Hemodynamic Responses to a Hypertonic, Sugar-Sweetened Sports Beverage in Physically Active Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Christiani ◽  
Gregory J Grosicki ◽  
Andrew A Flatt
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Sports Beverage

Hydration practices may confound heart rate variability (HRV) measurements when collected in the pre-training period. We aimed to determine the effects of ingesting a hypertonic, sugar-sweetened sports beverage on HRV and hemodynamic parameters in physically active young men. Fifteen subjects consumed 591 ml of Gatorade (6% carbohydrate, ~330 mOsmol/kg), 591 ml water, or 10 ml water (control) in random order on separate days following overnight fasting. HRV and hemodynamics were evaluated in 5-min windows immediately before (T1) and 5-10 min (T2), 25-30 min (T3), 40-45 min (T4), and 55-60 min (T5) post-drinking. Root-mean square of successive differences and the standard deviation of normal RR intervals increased post-water intake at all time-points relative to T1 (P <0.05). No increases were observed post-Gatorade intake, though small effect sizes (ES) were noted at T2 and T3 (P >0.05, ES = 0.27 - 0.32). Systemic vascular resistance increased at T2 post-Gatorade intake and at T2 and T3 post-water intake (P <0.05). No interactions were observed for blood pressure measures, stroke volume, or cardiac output. Gatorade does not evoke cardiovascular adjustments to the same magnitude as water. Practitioners should wait at least 45 min to record HRV post-Gatorade intake and >60 min post-water intake. Key Findings: ● Equal volumes of cold water and Gatorade produce inequivalent cardiac-autonomic and hemodynamic responses. ● HRV responses of greater amplitude and duration were observed following intake of water versus Gatorade. ● Failure to account for recent fluid intake may result in misinterpretation of autonomic status.

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