scholarly journals UK internet antenatal dietary advice: a content accuracy and readability analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sidnell ◽  
Penelope Nestel
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
The Uk ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractNutrition in pregnancy is important for the health of the mother and infant. Suboptimal maternal nutrition can result in poor pregnancy outcomes for the infant such as low birth weight, hypovitaminosis D, and neural tube defects. Theinternet is a popular source of dietary advice in pregnancy, but there are no regulations to control the quality of information provided,and poor accuracy and readability can hinder its usefulness.The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy and readability of online pregnancy-related diet and nutrition information regardless of geographical origin when searching from the UK. The accuracy was assessed against UK government advice and the readability using theFlesch Readability Ease (FRE) tool. Three commonly searched themes were examined;foods to avoid, foods to eat, and supplements.130 web pages were rated for accuracy and readability. Descriptive and non-parametric tests were used and Spearman's Correlation used to explore the relationship between accuracy and readability.Eighty-three (64%) web pages contained accurate and inaccurate advice, 23 (18%) were accurate, 21 (16%) were inaccurate, and three (2%) lacked relevant advice. The median percentage accuracy of all advice was 83 (LQ, UQ) (48,100). Eighty-seven pages (67%) scored below the recommended FRE for public web pages. The median FRE was 55 (46, 61) defined as ‘fairly difficult’. There was a weak positive correlation between accuracy and readability of web pages, rho = 0.241, p = 0.006. There was no significant difference in accuracy of web page by theme. Readability of web pages on supplements was more difficult than foods to avoid and foods to eat. Web pages from the UK (58%) were more accurate, difference of median 33 (16, 40) p < 0.001 and more readable, difference of median 9.1 (5.0, 13.1) p < 0.001 than those from outside the UK. Web pages from commercial sources (76%) were significantly less accurate than those from non-for-profit organisations, difference of median -8 (-29, 0.00) p = 0.019. 27% of web pages originated from the US. Dietary advice for pregnancy from the US differs from that in the UK.Despite the popularity of internet searching, much pregnancy-related dietary advice online is inaccurate and difficult to comprehend. Contradictory advice may interrupt the process of making improvements to diet in pregnancy, and result in negative health outcomes for mother and infant. Healthcare professionals can support women by guiding them to accurate advice, which should only be provided by those qualified in nutrition or dietetics.

Electronic communications and communities

Antiquity ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (274) ◽  
pp. 1049-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Barriers To Communication ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Web

The barriers to communication between scholars and between scholars and the public have been falling as the Internet has grown. Although most of the publicity goes to the web, surveys show that the email is used by more people. Since it is based on characters rather than graphics, bandwidth and modem speed are less problematic than they are for web pages. In addition, while the web is the best way to disseminate information on the internet, electronic conferences and newsgroups are still the best way to interact on the internet. Electronic conferences for archaeologists began in 1986 when Sebastian Rahtz and Kris Lockyear created the ‘Archaeological Information Exchange.’ Four years later AIE begat ARCH-L and the number of archaeologists participating has grown steadily. Today ARCH-L has about 1800 subscribers in 44 different countries; most subscribers are in the US and the UK. ARCH-L now averages about 16 messages a day; just under 3000 messages were posted in the first 6 months of 1997. In addition to ARCH-L, there now are at least 40 other electronic conferences and newsgroups covering different aspects of archaeology.

Maternal Nutrition in Pregnancy: the Special Role of Dietary Fats and Socio-Economic Interactions

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Doyle ◽  
M. A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Maternal food intakes were assessed for one week in each trimester of pregnancy in 100 mothers from two socio-economically contrasting areas of London. There were significant differences in energy, fat and protein intakes as well as in many of the micro nutrients. There was also a significant difference in the mean birthweights with 11.8 per cent of the birthweights below 2500g and 50 per cent at or below 3000g in the lower socioeconomic group.

Competence, competency and competencies: performance assessment in organisations

Work Study ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Moore ◽  
Mei‐I Cheng ◽  
Andrew R.J. Dainty
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Competence Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Uk

A number of confusions within the area of performance assessment with regard to the use of terminology, and differing interpretations, regarding competence assessment are discussed. A significant difference between the US and UK approaches to performance assessment is identified as being the issue of behaviours. A hierarchy of terms and their specific meanings is proposed as a first step in addressing the identified confusions. A particular aspect of this hierarchy is its relevance to assessment based on behaviours and attitudes rather than simply on the results of functional analysis concerning a particular job. This has implications for the future direction of performance assessment in the UK, particularly with regard to identifying the differences between average and superior performance.

scholarly journals Avoidance of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy in the United Kingdom: the case for a unified approach in National policy

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Hyppönen ◽  
Barbara J. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Pregnant Mothers ◽  
In Pregnancy

Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Western populations is high; pregnant women are identified as a high-risk group, especially if dark skinned. Consequences of severe clinical vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy can be life threatening to the newborn, while lesser degrees of hypovitaminosis D may have important long-term implications for offspring health. Past experiences with routine provision of 10 μg/d (400 IU/d) to all pregnant mothers suggest that this dose is sufficient to prevent overt neonatal complications of vitamin D deficiency. Recent data suggest that supplementation with dosages above 10 μg/d may be required for optimal health in the mother and child; however, further research is required for the assessment of the benefits and safety of supplementation with higher dosages. Lack of unified advice on vitamin D supplementation of pregnant mothers in the UK hinders the implementation of primary prevention strategies and is likely to leave some deficient mothers without supplementation.

scholarly journals Research Funding for Male Reproductive Health and Infertility in the UK and USA [2016 to 2019]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Gumerova ◽  
Christopher J. De Jonge ◽  
Christopher LR Barratt
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

There is a paucity of data on research funding for male reproductive health. We investigated the research funding for male reproductive health and infertility by examining publicly accessible databases from the UK and US government funding agencies. Information on the funding provided to male–based and 40 female–based research was collected using public accessed web databases from the UKRI–GTR, the NIHR's Open Data Summary, and the US' NIH RePORT. Funded projects that began research activity between January 2016 to December 2019 were recorded, along with their grant and project details. Strict inclusion–exclusion criteria were followed for both UK and US data with a primary research focus on male infertility, reproductive health and disorders, and contraception development. Funding support was divided into three research groups: male–based, female–based, and not–specified research. Between the 4–year period, the UK is divided into 5 funding periods, starting from 2015/16 to 2019/20, and the US is divided into 5 fiscal years, from 2016 to 2020. Between January 2016 to December 2019, UK agencies awarded a total of 11,767,190 GBP to 18 projects for male–based research and 29,850,945 GBP to 40 projects for female–based research. There was no statistically significant difference in funding average between the two research groups. The US NIH funded 76 projects totaling 59,257,746 US dollars for male–based research and 99 projects totaling 83,272,898 US dollars for female–based research. There was no statistically significant difference in funding average between the two groups. The findings of this study cannot be used to generalize and reflect global funding trends towards infertility and reproductive health as the data collected followed a narrow funding timeframe from government agencies and only two countries. Other funding sources such as charities, industry and major philanthropic organizations were not evaluated. This is the first study examining funding granted by main government research agencies from the UK and US for male reproductive health. This study should stimulate further discussion of the challenges of tackling male infertility and reproductive health disorders and formulate appropriate investment strategies.

‘To see oursels as ithers see us’: Reflections on Scottish Independence from the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Hague ◽  
Alan Mackie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scottish Diaspora

The United States media have given rather little attention to the question of the Scottish referendum despite important economic, political and military links between the US and the UK/Scotland. For some in the US a ‘no’ vote would be greeted with relief given these ties: for others, a ‘yes’ vote would be acclaimed as an underdog escaping England's imperium, a narrative clearly echoing America's own founding story. This article explores commentary in the US press and media as well as reporting evidence from on-going interviews with the Scottish diaspora in the US. It concludes that there is as complex a picture of the 2014 referendum in the United States as there is in Scotland.

Governance Disclosure on the Internet by Leading Indian Public Sector Companies

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Harmandeep Singh ◽  
Arwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Governance Disclosure ◽  
The Web

Nowadays, internet satisfying people with different services related to different fields. The profit, as well as non-profit organization, uses the internet for various business purposes. One of the major is communicated various financial as well as non-financial information on their respective websites. This study is conducted on the top 30 BSE listed public sector companies, to measure the extent of governance disclosure (non-financial information) on their web pages. The disclosure index approach to examine the extent of governance disclosure on the internet was used. The governance index was constructed and broadly categorized into three dimensions, i.e., organization and structure, strategy & Planning and accountability, compliance, philosophy & risk management. The empirical evidence of the study reveals that all the Indian public sector companies have a website, and on average, 67% of companies disclosed some kind of governance information directly on their websites. Further, we found extreme variations in the web disclosure between the three categories, i.e., The Maharatans, The Navratans, and Miniratans. However, the result of Kruskal-Wallis indicates that there is no such significant difference between the three categories. The study provides valuable insights into the Indian economy. It explored that Indian public sector companies use the internet for governance disclosure to some extent, but lacks symmetry in the disclosure. It is because there is no such regulation for web disclosure. Thus, the recommendation of the study highlighted that there must be such a regulated framework for the web disclosure so that stakeholders ensure the transparency and reliability of the information.

Identity Politics and Migration

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Vytis Čiubrinskas
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Current ◽  
Respective Host

The Centre of Social Anthropology (CSA) at Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) in Kaunas has coordinated projects on this, including a current project on 'Retention of Lithuanian Identity under Conditions of Europeanisation and Globalisation: Patterns of Lithuanian-ness in Response to Identity Politics in Ireland, Norway, Spain, the UK and the US'. This has been designed as a multidisciplinary project. The actual expressions of identity politics of migrant, 'diasporic' or displaced identity of Lithuanian immigrants in their respective host country are being examined alongside with the national identity politics of those countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document