scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory dietary intervention improved metabolic profile and body composition of obese adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Kenđel Jovanović ◽  
Sandra Pavičić Žeželj ◽  
Sanja Klobučar Majanović ◽  
Ines Mrakovčić Šutić ◽  
Greta Krešić
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hs Crp

AbstractIt has become evident that chronic low-grade inflammation associated with excess adipose tissue plays an important role in the etiology of insulin resistance and other obesity related metabolic disturbances. Weight loss intervention focusing on anti-inflammatory dietary modification might help to attenuate and eventually reverse these disturbances. In this random case-control nutrition intervention study we hypothesized that obese patients will improve their inflammatory and metabolic status together with body composition following anti-inflammatory diet during 24 weeks. Body composition parameters of 42 obese patients, who completed the study, were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca®, mBCA 515 Medical Body Composition Analyzer). Their inflammatory status was assessed with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and insulin resistance with HOMA index. The inflammatory potential of their diet was assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), based on 37 food parameters which derived from 123-item food frequency questionnaire. A positive DII® designates a diet with pro-inflammatory potential, while negative DII® designates a diet with anti-inflammatory potential. Data and z-scores were analyzed with Statistica v13.3 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, USA) for baseline and study end parameters differences. Obtained results have shown that, at the end of study, the patients significantly reduced their body weight (-3.3 %, p < 0.001), BMI (-3.2 %, p < 0.001), waist circumference (-1.9 %, p < 0.001), total (-3.3 %, p < 0.001) and visceral body fat (-10.4 %, p < 0.001), total (-3.1 %, p < 0.001) and extracellular water (-2.9 %, p < 0.001). The patients also significantly reduced hs-CRP (-37.7 %, p = 0.0025). Although we observed noteworthy -10.7 % reduction of HOMA index, this finding did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.862). The inflammatory potential of patients’ diet changed significantly from -0.45 to -1.73 on average (p < 0.001). With presented dietary intervention study it could be concluded that the change of the diet toward more anti-inflammatory milieu had significant influence on body weight, total and visceral body fat reduction. Consequently, those changes could have been involved in observed significant improvement of their inflammatory status. However, mild reduction of insulin resistance and rather small study group pointed out the need for further studies with more comprehensive dietary intervention.

scholarly journals MON-607 Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet Modifies Visceral Adipose Tissue Distribution and Taxonomic Composition of Gut Microbiota in Obese Patients with Insulin Resistance Depending on Protein Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Basciani ◽  
Elisabetta Camajani ◽  
Savina Contini ◽  
Agnese Persichetti ◽  
Stefania Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background. Short-term interventions based on very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs) and meal replacements may be prescribed to selected overweight or obese patients. Few, inconsistent data are available on protein intake from various sources on body weight, composition of gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes in these patients. Aim. To compare efficacy, safety and effect on microbiota composition of short-term isocaloric very low-calorie ketogenic diets encompassing whey, vegetable or animal proteins, in obese patients with insulin resistance. Materials and Methods. 48 obese patients (19 males and 29 females) with HOMA-index ≥ 2.5, age mean: 55.2 years (range: 45-73), BMI mean 35.9 kg/m2 (range: 30.2 - 46.4) were randomly assigned to three isocaloric VLCKD regimens (≤800 kcal/day) containing either whey, plant or animal proteins for 45 days, with assessments of anthropometric indexes, blood and urine chemistry, body composition, muscle strength, taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome. Results. A significant reduction of body weight, BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference, HOMA index, insulin, total and LDL cholesterol was observed in all the patients, regardless the dietary protein source. Patients fed with whey proteins and vegetable proteins had a more pronounced decrease of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compared with the group fed with animal proteins. The markers of renal function slightly worsened in the group fed with animal proteins. A decrease in relative abundance of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes was observed after VLCKDs. This pattern was less pronounced in patients consuming animal proteins. Conclusions. VLCKDs lead to significant weight loss and a striking improvement of the metabolic parameters over a short period of time. VLCKDs based on whey or vegetable proteins induce a larger reduction of VAT, have a safer profile and determine a healthier microbiota composition compared to those containing animal proteins.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of an Energy-Restricted Anti-Inflammatory Diet for the Management of Obesity in Younger Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3583
Author(s):  
Gordana Kenđel Jovanović ◽  
Ines Mrakovcic-Sutic ◽  
Sandra Pavičić Žeželj ◽  
Branislav Šuša ◽  
Dario Rahelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Index ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

There is growing evidence of the dietary impact on obesity-induced low-grade chronic inflammation and the associated chronic non-communicable diseases modification. We determined changes in body composition and cardiometabolic and inflammatory status of participants with obesity after 24 weeks of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced anti-inflammatory diet and examined the relationship of these changes with changes in the inflammatory potential of the diet. The anthropometric and body composition parameters of 81 participants (average age of 43 years, 74 women) were assessed. Metabolic status was determined using the glycemic and lipid statuses, and the cardiometabolic index and inflammatory status were determined using the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®). Intervention with an anti-inflammatory diet resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and visceral adipose tissue and caused improvements in the participants’ cardiometabolic and inflammatory statuses. The anti-inflammatory diet was shown to be effective regarding obesity management. The study data could advance current scientific knowledge in the field of inflammation and diet, provide guidelines for obesity management, and find its application in routine clinical practice.

Early Renal Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Insulin Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Natalia Pertseva ◽  
Mariia Rokutova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Glomerular Hyperfiltration ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment

Abstract Background and aims. Obese individuals have insulin resistance status assessed in the present study by the HOMA index (“Homeostasis model assessment”). This prospective study assessed renal disorders in the insulin resistance in obese patients. Material and Methods. The study included 73 young obese patients. The assessment included the HOMA index before meal and parameters of renal function (glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, β2-microglobulinuria). Results. In young obese, insulin-resistance patients, glomerular hyperfiltration and β2-microglobulinuria are found in 77.0 and 93.4% of cases respectively. The albuminuria is noted in some cases, which reduces diagnostic value. Conclusions. In young obese patients with insulin resistance, glomerular hyperfiltration and β2-microglobulinuria are main diagnostic markers of renal dysfunction.

scholarly journals Predictive Markers of Early Cardiovascular Impairment and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pediatric Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Laura Mihaela Trandafir ◽  
Elena Cojocaru ◽  
Mihaela Moscalu ◽  
Maria Magdalena Leon Constantin ◽  
Ingrith Miron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Background: The increased prevalence of obesity among children determined the rising number of its comorbidities in children and adults, too. This study aimed to evaluate certain markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese pediatric patients, identifying those who are more likely to develop further complications. Methods: We included 115 obese pediatric patients: 85 overweight and obese patients in the study group and 30 normal-weight patients in the control group. We calculated the body mass index (BMI) and we evaluated markers (biological, inflammatory) and the hormones profile. Results: Low-threshold inflammation was assessed by measuring interleukin 6 IL-6 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecules (ICAM). The analysis showed that IL-6 is significantly correlated with glucose (p = 0.001) and BMI value (p = 0.031). ICAM correlates significantly with triglycerides (p = 0.001), glucose (p = 0.044) and BMI percentile (p = 0.037). For pediatric obese patients, endotoxemia has been significantly correlated only with BMI percentile (p = 0.001). Plasma cortisol did not show significant correlations with total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose or BMI percentile. The results indicated a significant predictive power of BMI percentile on inflammatory markers: IL-6 (AUC = 0.803, p < 0.001), ICAM (AUC = 0.806, p < 0.001) and endotoxemia (AUC = 0.762, p = 0.019). Additionally, BMI percentile has a significant predictive power for metabolic markers of insulin resistance (insulin value: AUC = 0.72, p < 0.001 and HOMA index: AUC = 0.68, p = 0.003). Conclusions: The study highlighted the importance of early markers of cardiovascular risk in obese pediatric patients represented by IL-6, ICAM, endotoxemia and their correlation with metabolic markers of insulin resistance represented by insulinemia, HOMA index and plasma cortisol. It can clearly be considered that the BMI percentile has significant predictive power for metabolic markers of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Regular Practice of Moderate Physical Activity by Older Adults Ameliorates Their Anti-Inflammatory Status

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ferrer ◽  
Xavier Capó ◽  
Miquel Martorell ◽  
Carla Busquets-Cortés ◽  
Cristina Bouzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Regular Practice

A chronic inflammatory state is a major characteristic of the aging process, and physical activity is proposed as a key component for healthy aging. Our aim was to evaluate the body composition, hypertension, lipid profile, and inflammatory status of older adults, and these factors’ association with physical activity. A total of 116 elderly volunteers were categorized into terciles of quantitative metabolic equivalents of task (MET). Subjects in the first and third terciles were defined as sedentary and active subjects, respectively. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, hemograms, and inflammatory markers were measured in plasma or peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs). The active groups exercised more than their sedentary counterparts. The practice of physical activity was accompanied by lower weight, fat mass, body mass index, and diastolic blood pressure when compared to a more sedentary life-style. Physical activity also lowered the haematocrit and total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts. The practice of exercise induced a decrease in the IL-6 circulating levels and the TLR2 protein levels in PBMCs, while the expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 was activated in active subjects. The regular practice of physical activity exerts beneficial effects on body composition and the anti-inflammatory status of old people.

scholarly journals Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Lipocalin-2 in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: When Children Are Not Just “Small Adults”

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein ◽  
Alexandra Margeli ◽  
Panagiota Pervanidou ◽  
Sophia Sakka ◽  
George Mastorakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein 4 ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background: Although there is much evidence regarding the physiologic and pathogenic roles of the newly described adipokines retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and lipocalin-2 as potential promoters of insulin resistance in obese adults, relatively little information exists regarding their roles in obese children. Methods: We investigated the circulating concentrations of RBP4 and lipocalin-2 in 80 obese girls (ages 9– 15 years) and their relationships with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the adipokines leptin and adiponectin. We divided participants by their body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDSs) into 4 groups of 20 girls each: overweight [mean BMI SDS (SD), 1.8 (0.4)], obese [2.2 (0.4)], morbidly obese [3.6 (0.4)], and lean controls [−0.11 (0.4)]. We measured plasma-soluble RBP4, the RBP4-binding protein transthyretin, lipocalin-2, hs-CRP, leptin, and adiponectin and calculated the homeostatic assessment model (HOMA) index from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Results: Unexpectedly, plasma RBP4 and lipocalin-2 concentrations were correlated negatively with BMI SDS values (P = 0.005, and P &lt; 0.03, respectively). These results were different from those of adults and were not correlated with the HOMA index. In contrast, hs-CRP and leptin concentrations were positively correlated with BMI SDS values (P &lt; 0.0001, and P &lt; 0.00001, respectively), as expected, whereas the adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated (P = 0.008). Conclusions: Although the correlations of leptin, adiponectin, and hs-CRP concentrations with BMI in children are similar to those of adults, the correlations of RBP4 and lipocalin-2 with BMI in children are the inverse of those observed in adults. Thus, although systemic inflammation and mild insulin resistance are present in childhood obesity, RBP4 and lipocalin-2 concentrations are not increased in children as they are in obese adults with long-standing severe insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Abstract P051: Inflammation is Significantly Associated With High Blood Pressure in Females Only

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Eckner ◽  
Charlotte A Larsson ◽  
Lennart Rastam ◽  
Ulf Lindblad
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Relative Body Weight ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hs Crp

INTRODUCTION The causes of high blood pressure are complex and based on an interaction between multiple biological factors and behaviours. Insulin resistance and inflammation are commonly acknowledged mechanisms in the development of CVD, while insulin resistance and relative body weight correspondingly predict the development of high blood pressure. HYPOTHESIS We aimed to compare insulin resistance, relative body weight, and inflammation in the association with SBP. METHODS In 2001-2005 a random sample of residents aged 30-74 years in the municipalities of Vara and Skövde, South-western Sweden, were invited to a survey of cardiovascular risk factors. In all 1811 participants in Vara (participation rate 81%) and 1005 participants in Skövde (70%) were enrolled. Subjects with a known history of hypertension were excluded for the current study. Specially trained nurses saw all subjects in the morning after a 10 hours over night fast, and venous blood samples were taken. A physical examination included body height and body weight (light cloths and no shoes), blood pressure was measured twice in a supine position after a 5 minutes rest (arm in heart level). The mean of the 2 measurements was used for statistical analyses. Hs-CRP and plasma insulin were analysed, and BMI and HOMA-index were calculated using standard algorithms. The log form of HOMA-ir was used in statistical analyses. Associations were explored in males and females separately using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS In all 2538 subjects, 1266 men (50%) and 1272 women (50%) without known hypertension were included. BMI and HOMA-ir were both significantly associated with SBP in both males and females, while hs-CRP was associated with SBP in women only. These factors were accordingly entered into a multivariate linear regression model also including age. In men HOMA-ir [regression coefficient, (95% confidence interval), and p-value] [5.4 (2.5-8.4), p<0.001], was significantly associated with SBP, while BMI [0.2 (-0.3-0.5), p=0.087], and CRP was not [0.02 (-0.1-0.1), p=0.138]. In women all three mechanisms came out significantly; HOMA-ir [5.4 (2.2-8.6), p<0.001], BMI [0.4 (0.2-0.5), p<0.001], and CRP [0.2 (0.02-0.4), p=0.031]. There were statistically significant interaction terms between gender and CRP (p=0.037), and gender and HOMA-ir (P=0.045), respectively, while no corresponding interaction was found for BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms a strong impact of insulin resistance and relative body weight on blood pressure levels in both men and women. However, a significant association between hs-CRP and systolic blood pressure in women was not seen in men. Gender differences in insulin resistance and inflammation were statistically confirmed by interaction terms. These findings have implications for future research and for development of clinical practice.

scholarly journals A randomized longitudinal dietary intervention study during pregnancy: effects on fish intake, phospholipids, and body composition

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Bosaeus ◽  
Aysha Hussain ◽  
Therese Karlsson ◽  
Louise Andersson ◽  
Lena Hulthén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention Study

scholarly journals Melatonin Treatment Improves Insulin Resistance and Pigmentation in Obese Patients with Acanthosis Nigricans

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Sun ◽  
Xingchun Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Chen ◽  
Aaron M. Gusdon ◽  
Kexiu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Matsuda Index

Objective. This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on insulin resistance in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans (AN). Methods. A total of 17 obese patients with acanthosis nigricans were recruited in a 12-week pilot open trial. Insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, inflammatory factors, and other biochemical parameters before and after the administration of melatonin were measured. Results. After 12 weeks of treatment with melatonin (3 mg/day), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (8.99 ± 5.10 versus 7.77 ± 5.21, p<0.05) and fasting insulin (37.09 5 ± 20.26 μU/ml versus 32.10 ± 20.29 μU/ml, p<0.05) were significantly decreased. Matsuda index (2.82 ± 1.54 versus 3.74 ± 2.02, p<0.05) was significantly increased. There were also statistically significant declines in the AN scores of the neck and axilla, body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral index, neck circumference, waist circumference, and inflammatory markers. Conclusions. It was concluded that melatonin could improve cutaneous symptoms in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans by improving insulin sensitivity and inflammatory status. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02604095.

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