scholarly journals Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kusagawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Aiko Imai ◽  
Sumiaki Maeo ◽  
Takashi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Toe Flexor Strength ◽  
Flexor Strength

Abstract Background: Older adults are known to have more pronated foot posture and decreased toe flexor strength (TFS), as well as decreased mobility in daily life compared to young adults. Although foot posture is reported to be an influential factor for walking biomechanics in young adults, there is less information on this subject in older adults. Age-related reduction in TFS is shown to be associated with impairments of functional performance, but it is poorly understood whether foot posture influences the relationships between TFS and functional performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate this concern by examining older women. Methods: Seventy community-dwelling older women (76.8 ± 4.4 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Foot posture was evaluated by the 6-item foot posture index (FPI). Based on the FPI score, participants were allocated to pronated, neutral, or supinated group (n = 33, 26, and 11, respectively). TFS was assessed using a toe grip dynamometer in a seated position. Scores of 30-second chair stand, timed up-and-go, 5-m comfortable-speed walking, and static balance tests were determined to evaluate functional performances. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between TFS and functional performances in each group. Results: TFS positively correlated with comfortable walking speed in the pronated (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and supinated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) groups, but not in the neutral group (r = 0.17, p = 0.42). For the two significant relationships, an analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the pronated and supinated groups in the slopes of the regression lines, suggesting a similar relative contribution of TFS to comfortable walking speed between the two groups. In addition, TFS tended to negatively correlate with timed up-and-go time in the pronated (r = -0.32, p = 0.07) and supinated (r = -0.56, p = 0.08) groups, and positively correlate with 30-second chair stand score in the pronated group (r = 0.31, p = 0.08). Conclusions: The present study indicates that TFS would be associated with mobility, walking performance in particular, in older women with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.

scholarly journals Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kusagawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Aiko Imai ◽  
Sumiaki Maeo ◽  
Takashi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Toe Flexor Strength ◽  
Flexor Strength

Abstract Background Older adults are known to have more pronated foot posture and decreased toe flexor strength (TFS), as well as decreased mobility in daily life compared to young adults. Although foot posture is reported to be an influential factor for walking biomechanics in young adults, there is less information on this subject in older adults. Age-related reduction in TFS is shown to be associated with impairments of functional performance, but it is poorly understood whether foot posture influences the relationships between TFS and functional performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate this concern by examining older women. Methods Seventy community-dwelling older women (76.8 ± 4.4 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Foot posture was evaluated by the 6-item foot posture index (FPI). Based on the FPI score, participants were allocated to pronated, neutral, or supinated group (n = 33, 26, and 11, respectively). TFS was assessed using a toe grip dynamometer in a seated position. Scores of 30-s chair stand, timed up-and-go, 5-m comfortable-speed walking, and static balance tests were determined to evaluate functional performances. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between TFS and functional performances in each group. Results TFS positively correlated with comfortable walking speed in the pronated (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and supinated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) groups, but not in the neutral group (r = 0.17, p = 0.42). For the two significant relationships, an analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the pronated and supinated groups in the slopes of the regression lines, suggesting a similar relative contribution of TFS to comfortable walking speed between the two groups. In addition, TFS tended to negatively correlate with timed up-and-go time in the pronated (r = − 0.32, p = 0.07) and supinated (r = − 0.56, p = 0.08) groups, and positively correlate with 30-s chair stand score in the pronated group (r = 0.31, p = 0.08). Conclusions The present study indicates that TFS would be associated with mobility, walking performance in particular, in older women with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.

scholarly journals Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kusagawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Aiko Imai ◽  
Sumiaki Maeo ◽  
Takashi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Toe Flexor Strength ◽  
Flexor Strength

Abstract Background Older adults are known to have more pronated foot posture and decreased toe flexor strength (TFS), as well as decreased mobility compared to young adults. Although foot posture is reported to be an influential factor for walking biomechanics in young adults, there is less information on this subject in older adults. Age-related reduction in TFS is shown to be associated with impairments of functional performance, but it is poorly understood whether foot posture influences the relationships between TFS and functional performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate this concern by examining older women. Methods Seventy community-dwelling older women (76.8 ± 4.4 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Foot posture was evaluated by the 6-item foot posture index (FPI). On the basis of the FPI score, participants were allocated to pronated, neutral, or supinated group (n = 33, 26, and 11, respectively). TFS was assessed using a toe grip dynamometer in a seated position. Scores of 30-second chair stand, timed up-and-go, 5-m comfortable-speed walking, and static balance tests were determined to evaluate functional performances. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between TFS and functional performances in each group. Results TFS positively correlated with comfortable walking speed in the pronated (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and supinated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) groups, but not in the neutral group (r = 0.17, p = 0.42). For the two significant relationships, an analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the pronated and supinated groups in the slopes of the regression lines, suggesting a similar relative contribution of TFS to comfortable walking speed between the two groups. In addition, TFS tended to negatively correlate with timed up-and-go time in the pronated (r = -0.32, p = 0.07) and supinated (r = -0.56, p = 0.08) groups, and positively correlate with 30-second chair stand score in the pronated group (r = 0.31, p = 0.08). Conclusions The present study indicates that TFS would be associated with mobility, walking performance in particular, in older women with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian older women

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeen Zahra ◽  
Bernard Corfe ◽  
Elizabeth Williams
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand

AbstractA positive association has been reported between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in older Caucasian women. However, little is known about this relationship in UK South Asian older women. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian (Pakistani and Indian) older women.One hundred and twenty community-dwelling women were recruited via visiting community centres, mosques, Indian temples (Gurdwara) and by word of mouth (between January to May 2018). Inclusion criteria were: community-dwelling, South Asian women, age 60 years and above, able to communicate effectively and able to give written or verbal consent. A general interview (demographic, anthropometric, self-reported exhaustion, health history, supplementation use/duration/dose), handgrip strength (kg), short physical performance battery (single chair stand, repeated chair stands, balance, timed up-and-go test), and blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, nmol/l) concentration were performed. Dietary intake and self-reported physical activity was also assessed using multiple-pass 24-hour diet recall method and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form respectively.Overall, 47% of participants had insufficient blood 25(OH)D concentration (< 50nmol/L) and 53% had sufficient blood 25(OH)D (≥ 50nmol/L) using the IOM classification. As expected 86% of current vitamin D supplement users had adequate vitamin D status and only 14% of women who reported current vitamin D supplement use had insufficient vitamin D status. Amongst supplement non-users 68% had insufficient vitamin D status and only 32% had adequate levels. An inverse correlation (Spearman's analysis) was found between vitamin D status and single chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.25, p = 0.006); repeated chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.29, p = 0.002) and timed up-and-go test (sec) (r = -0.20, p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between vitamin D status and handgrip strength (r = 0.09, p = 0.30).The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in post-menopausal South Asian women not taking vitamin D supplements. Significant association was observed between vitamin D status and some aspects of muscle strength and physical function. We are now conducting a randomized control trial to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation may restore muscle strength and function in this population.

Association Between Toe Flexor Strength and Activity Levels in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-364
Author(s):  
Mieko Yokozuka ◽  
Chie Miki ◽  
Makoto Suzuki ◽  
Rieko Katsura
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Toe Flexor Strength ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Flexor Strength

This study aimed to explore the relationship between toe flexor strength and the daily activity levels in 56 Japanese older women aged between 70 and 88 years. The activity levels were measured as the average number of steps/day using a pedometer and the life space assessment (LSA) scores. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare toe flexor muscle strength and the LSA scores between those with fewer than and more than 6,000 steps/day. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between toe grip strength according to age and each variable. The LSA scores were significantly higher in the group with >6,000 steps/day (β = 0.188, p < .05). A correlation was found between the number of steps/day and toe flexor strength (r = .424, β = 0.419, p < .05) and the LSA scores (r = .417, β = 0.435, p < .05) in the participants in their 80s. Increasing the number of steps/day may benefit women in their 80s.

Gait Parameters of Older Adults according to Their Fall History and Functional Capacity While Walking at Different Speeds

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Letícia Pophal da Silva ◽  
Natália Boneti Moreira ◽  
Paulo Barbosa de Freitas ◽  
Gleber Pereira ◽  
André Luiz Felix Rodacki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds

Introduction: It is believed that functional capacity and fall history are factors capable of influencing the gait parameters of older adults. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify whether gait parameters of community-dwelling older adults differ according to their functional capacity and fall history when walking at self-selected walking speed (SSWS) and fast walking speed (FWS) using principal component analysis (PCA). Methods: Two hundred ninety-five participants (82.3% women and 17.7% men) were allocated in four groups according to their fall history and functional capacity: non-fallers with higher functional capacity (NFHFC, n = 94; 69.3 ± 5.5 years), non-fallers with lower functional capacity (NFLFC, n = 114; 72.0 ± 8.1 years), fallers with higher functional capacity (FHFC, n = 29; 70.0 ± 6.0 years), and fallers with lower functional capacity (FLFC, n = 58; 72.5 ± 8.2 years). Fall history, anthropometric data, functional capacity by short physical performance battery and mobility by Timed Up and Go (TUG), and spatiotemporal gait parameters were evaluated. Results: Data analysis indicated that FLFC presented the lowest scores, especially in the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test and TUG. The PCA showed that the first principal component (PC1) explained the most substantial amount of the data variability in both walking speeds (SSWS and FWS), predominantly including temporal parameters. PC2 composed by spatial outcomes (stride and step length and walking speed) showed the highest effect size. PC1 and PC2 were able to differentiate functional status, regardless of fall history. Conclusions: Functional capacity showed great importance when analyzing gait parameters at different walking speeds (SSWS and FWS), regardless of fall history. Older adults with high functional capacity demonstrate better performance during gait. Besides, spatiotemporal parameters are the main factors explaining gait variability, both in SSWS and FWS.

scholarly journals Sarc-F and muscle function in community dwelling adults with aged care service needs: baseline and post-training relationship

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin W.L. Keogh ◽  
Tim Henwood ◽  
Paul A. Gardiner ◽  
Anthony G. Tuckett ◽  
Sharon Hetherington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
And Training

Background This study sought to better understand the psychometric properties of the SARC-F, by examining the baseline and training-related relationships between the five SARC-F items and objective measures of muscle function. Each of the five items of the SARC-F are scored from 0 to 2, with total score of four or more indicative of likely sarcopenia. Methods This manuscript describes a sub-study of a larger step-wedge, randomised controlled 24-week progressive resistance and balance training (PRBT) program trial for Australian community dwelling older adults accessing government supported aged care. Muscle function was assessed using handgrip strength, isometric knee extension, 5-time repeated chair stand and walking speed over 4 m. Associations within and between SARC-F categories and muscle function were assessed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and multinomial regression, respectively. Results Significant associations were identified at baseline between SARC-F total score and measures of lower-body muscle function (r =  − 0.62 to 0.57; p ≤ 0.002) in 245 older adults. MCA analysis indicated the first three dimensions of the SARC-F data explained 48.5% of the cumulative variance. The initial dimension represented overall sarcopenia diagnosis, Dimension 2 the ability to displace the body vertically, and Dimension 3 walking ability and falls status. The majority of the 168 older adults who completed the PRBT program reported no change in their SARC-F diagnosis or individual item scores (56.5–79.2%). However, significant associations were obtained between training-related changes in SARC-F total and item scores and changes in walking speed and chair stand test performance (r =  − 0.30 to 0.33; p < 0.001 and relative risk ratio = 0.40–2.24; p < 0.05, respectively). MCA analysis of the change score data indicated that the first two dimensions explained 32.2% of the cumulative variance, with these dimensions representing whether a change occurred and the direction of change, respectively. Discussion The results advance our comprehension of the psychometric properties on the SARC-F, particularly its potential use in assessing changes in muscle function. Older adults’ perception of their baseline and training-related changes in their function, as self-reported by the SARC-F, closely matched objectively measured muscle function tests. This is important as there may be a lack of concordance between self-reported and clinician-measured assessments of older adults’ muscle function. However, the SARC-F has a relative lack of sensitivity to detecting training-related changes, even over a period of 24 weeks. Conclusions Results of this study may provide clinicians and researchers a greater understanding of how they may use the SARC-F and its potential limitations. Future studies may wish to further examine the SARC-F’s sensitivity of change, perhaps by adding a few additional items or an additional category of performance to each item.

scholarly journals Impact of Malnutrition Status on Muscle Parameter Changes over a 5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the SarcoPhAge Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Laetitia Lengelé ◽  
Olivier Bruyère ◽  
Charlotte Beaudart ◽  
Jean-Yves Reginster ◽  
Médéa Locquet
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
P Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the 5-year evolution of physical performance, muscle mass and muscle strength in participants from the SarcoPhAge cohort, consisting of community-dwelling older adults. The malnutrition status was assessed at baseline (T0) according to the “Global Leadership Initiatives on Malnutrition” (GLIM) criteria, and the muscle parameters were evaluated both at T0 and after five years of follow-up (T5). Lean mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip dynamometry, the short physical performance battery test and the timed up and go test, respectively. Differences in muscle outcomes according to nutritional status were tested using Student’s t-test. The association between malnutrition and the relative 5-year change in the muscle parameters was tested using multiple linear regressions adjusted for several covariates. A total of 411 participants (mean age of 72.3 ± 6.1 years, 56% women) were included. Of them, 96 individuals (23%) were diagnosed with malnutrition at baseline. Their muscle parameters were significantly lower than those of the well-nourished patients both at baseline and after five years of follow-up (all p-values < 0.05), except for muscle strength in women at T5, which was not significantly lower in the presence of malnutrition. However, the 5-year changes in muscle parameters of malnourished individuals were not significantly different than those of well-nourished individuals (all p-values > 0.05).

scholarly journals Multisensory integration involved in the body perception of community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hide ◽  
Y. Ito ◽  
N. Kuroda ◽  
M. Kanda ◽  
W. Teramoto
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractThis study investigates how the multisensory integration in body perception changes with increasing age, and whether it is associated with older adults’ risk of falling. For this, the rubber hand illusion (RHI) and rubber foot illusion (RFI) were used. Twenty-eight community-dwelling older adults and 25 university students were recruited. They viewed a rubber hand or foot that was stimulated in synchrony or asynchrony with their own hidden hand or foot. The illusion was assessed by using a questionnaire, and measuring the proprioceptive drift and latency. The Timed Up and Go Test was used to classify the older adults into lower and higher fall-risk groups. No difference was observed in the RHI between the younger and older adults. However, several differences were observed in the RFI. Specifically, the older adults with a lower fall-risk hardly experienced the illusion, whereas those with a higher fall-risk experienced it with a shorter latency and no weaker than the younger adults. These results suggest that in older adults, the mechanism of multisensory integration for constructing body perception can change depending on the stimulated body parts, and that the risk of falling is associated with multisensory integration.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle index and its association with mobility among community‐dwelling older women

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
ZBIGNIEW M. OSSOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Chair Stand

Background: The loss of muscle function and reduced mobility levels are the main reasons for the limitations of independence and disability in older people. The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the skeletal muscle index and mobility in older women. Material and methods: ‪The study involved 166 older women. Skeletal muscle mass and other body components were determined by bioimpedance using an InBody 720 device. Functional mobility was evaluated with the timed up-and-go test. 30-second chair stand was also used to measure the level of functional strength in lower extremities. Results: ‪The skeletal muscle index was positively correlated with functional mobility (r=-0.22; p=0.00) and 30-second chair stand (r=-0.47; p=0.00). However, the strength of lower extremities was a significantly better parameter in predicting mobility in older women than the skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions: The functional strength of lower extremity muscles and the skeletal muscle index can have a positive effect on functional mobility in older people. The results may be helpful in clinical practice when diagnosing mobility limitations and in the process of programming physical activity of older women aimed at the prevention of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Multidimensional Risk Factors of Physical Frailty in Korean Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeeun Jung ◽  
Miji Kim ◽  
Yunhwan Lee ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Frailty is defined as a state of increased vulnerability to stressors, and it predicts the disability and mortality in the older population. This study aimed to investigate standardized prevalence and multidimensional risk factors associated with frailty among the Korean community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed the baseline data of 2,907 adults aged 70&ndash;84 years (mean age 75.8&plusmn;3.9 years, 57.8% women) in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The Fried frailty phenotype was used to define frailty. Analyzed data included sociodemographic, physical, physical function, biological, lifestyle, health condition, medical condition, psychological, and social domains. Data were standardized using the national standard population composition ratio based on the Korean Population and Housing Census. The standardized prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8&ndash;8.9%) and 57.2% (95% CI 45.1&ndash;48.8%), respectively. The following 14 risk factors had a significant association with frailty: at risk of malnutrition, sarcopenia, severe mobility limitation, poor social capital, rural dwellers, depressive, poor self-perceived health, polypharmacy, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, low 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, longer timed up and go, and low short physical performance battery score (p&lt;0.05). Physico-nutritional, psychological, sociodemographic, and medical factors are strongly associated with frailty.

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