scholarly journals The Structure and Biology of Haemaphysalis punctata, Canestrini and Fanzago. I

Parasitology ◽  
1908 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geo. H. F. Nuttall ◽  
W. F. Cooper ◽  
L. E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
First Order ◽  
The World ◽  
Haemaphysalis Punctata ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nematode Worm ◽  
Different Parts

The importance of various species of ticks in relation to the propagation of protozoal diseases, is so generally recognised that it has appeared to us eminently desirable to make a detailed study of one of the common species. Such a study has seemed to us specially necessary for the reason that our knowledge of these parasites is very imperfect, in spite of the fact that they possess an economic interest of the first order. Some of the diseases which ticks transmit, notably those due to the haematozoal parasites belonging to the genus Piroplasma, are among the most devastating affections of domesticated animals in many parts of the world, the useful animals which suffer from piroplas-mosis being cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and dogs. The disease known as “Heart-water,” occurring in South Africa and affecting sheep, goats and cattle, is likewise tick-transmitted. A disease of the domesticated fowl, analogous to relapsing fever in man, likewise of economic importance and occurring in different parts of the world, has also been demonstrated to be transmitted from animal to animal through the agency of ticks. The fowl disease is due to a Spirochaeta which is conveyed by ticks; the same holds for human “tick fever” and a spirochaete infection in cattle occurring in parts of Africa. Recent investigation appears to have clearly established the fact that a tick conveys spotted or Rocky Mountain Fever to man. Moreover it has been claimed that a Nematode worm, the Filaria perstans, parasitic in man, undergoes its development in a tick which is capable of conveying the parasite from one human host to another. There can be no doubt but that ticks will be found, upon further investigation, to be associated in the transmission of an increasing number of diseases in animals.

An Introduced Species of Ptilinus from New York (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-430
Author(s):  
John B. Simeone
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
European Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

In a survey of wood-feeding Anobiidae occurring in the Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, a species of Ptilinus was found which the author believed to be new and for which the trivial name friendi was proposed (Simeone, 1960). However, having had the opportunity during the summer of 1960 to examine and collect European species at the Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, England and at der Forstliche Bundes-versuchsanstalt Mariabrunn in Schönbrunn, Vienna, Austria, the author now believes his specimens to have been introductions of the common species, Ptilinus pectinicornis L. In view of rhe economic importance of this species in other parts of the world, it seems advisable to describe in some detail the adult male and female as well as to compare some of the characteristics whereby the insect can be distinguished from closely allied species.

CXIII. An account of several rare species of barnacles. In a letter to Mr. Isaac Romilly, F. R. S. from John Ellis, Esq; F. R. S.

1757 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 845-855 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Parts

Dear Sir, Those rare and very extraordinary new species of Barnacles, which you have lately received from abroad, are so different from any of the common species, that I have seen, that I was resolved to inquire into the nature of an animal, which, like a Proteus, appears in so many different shapes or coverings in different parts of the world.

PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI IN CANADA, 1919 TO 1944

1946 ◽  
Vol 24c (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Change ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Prairie Provinces

During the period 1919 to 1944, 65 physiologic races were identified from a total of 4543 isolates derived from uredial collections of Puccinia graminis Pers. var. Tritici Erikss. & Henn. Forty-nine races were obtained in the Prairie Provinces from a study of 3475 isolates; 40 in Eastern Canada from 1013 isolates, and 12 in British Columbia from 55 isolates. During this period, the predominant races have shown notable fluctuations in their prevalence. Races 36, 17, and 21 were the most common races until shortly after 1930 and were largely responsible for the severe rust losses suffered by Marquis and other common wheats during the decade preceding that year. Races 34 and 49 were collected frequently from 1927 to about 1935. All of these races diminished greatly in their prevalence between 1930 and 1936, whereas race 56, which was first collected in Canada in 1931, has become the predominant race since 1934. It was this race that played a major part in the stem rust epiphytotic of 1935. Another recent change in the racial population was a recrudescence in 1940 of race17, which for several previous years had been of minor importance. In 1941 this race challenged the pre-eminent position of race 56 but receded again in succeeding years to minor significance.The distribution of races is somewhat similar but not identical in different parts of Canada. Races 36 and 21 have been relatively more common in the Prairie Provinces than in Eastern Canada, while the contrary is true of race 38. Only about a dozen of the 65 races collected in Canada have thus far assumed much economic importance, a few others may be considered of minor significance, but at least two-thirds of the races have been found only occasionally and have, for reasons not fully understood, failed to gain even a limited distribution.A comparison of the number of physiologic races collected in Eastern Canada and the Prairie Provinces, respectively, has indicated a somewhat greater variety of physiologic races in the former region, a condition that may perhaps be explained by the presence of the common barberry in many localities in Eastern Canada.

NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES, WITH DIRECTIONS FOR BREEDING THEM FROM THE EGG

1884 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
W. H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Old Age ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

I am asked to write for the Can. Ent. a paper on breeding butterflies, and on taking observations of the larval stages, and I comply with pleasure, hoping that what I shall say may be the means of inducing some collectors to cultivate this field. There are many local collections of butterflies in Canada and the United States, and a few general North American collections, more or less complete. But their owners are mostly satisfied with mere collecting and accumulating specimens of the imago. Very few know anything of the larval and other stages of the butterflies, unless of some of the common species. And where anything is known, very little is given to the world. Some collectors, however, have also been breeders of butterflies, sphinges and moths on a large scale. As for example, our friends, John Akhurst and Professor Julius E. Meyer, of Brooklyn, each of whom could fill a good-sized volume, if they would relate one half of what they know on these subjects. Such an one was the late William Newman, of Philadelphia, who lived to a good old age, and had spent his spare hours for many years in collecting and breeding lepidoptera. But none of these gentlemen have published a line that I am aware of, and the entomological world is not much the wiser for their private experience. So that practically here is a great field almost unworked.

scholarly journals II. Note on the species of fleas found upon rats, Mus rattus and Mus decumanus, in different parts of the world, and on some variations in the proportion of each species in different localities

1906 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hon. N. Charles Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common House ◽  
Different Parts

Ceratophyllus fasciatus1 is the flea usually found on Mus decumanus in Great Britain, and this is also the case, apparently, throughout Northern and Central Europe. The common house mouse, Mus musculus, occasionally harbours this parasite also, though its usual flea is Ctenopsylla musculi.

Observations on the Parasites of the Pine-shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana, Schiff.

1930 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
New Records ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Pupal Parasite ◽  
The Common ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Larval Parasites

A preliminary study of the parasites of the Pine-shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana, in England was undertaken at the request of the Dominion Entomologist of Canada.In all twenty-eight species of primary and secondary parasites were obtained. Thirteen of these species were represented in our material by not more than two specimens and are probably of little economic importance. Of the remaining fifteen, two (Habrocytus and Eutelus) are definitely hyperparasites, and at least two of the Pimplines (P. ruficollis and P. brevicornis) are liable to live as hyperparasites under certain conditions.The dominant or “key” parasites in this complex appear to be the Braconid, Orgilus obscurator, and two Ophionines, Cremastus interruptor and Omorgus mutabilis. These were shipped to Canada and the first two have become established there.A brief account is given of the salient facts in the biology of each species and the more important diagnostic characters of the adults are described to facilitate accurate identification, often a very difficult matter.The mature larvae of the commoner species are described in detail, with the particular object of finding satisfactory specific characters.Of the common species the majority attack the larva. Pimpla examinator is the only true pupal parasite which is at all common, but Omorgus mutabilis and Orgilus obscurator, although they are essentially larval parasites, frequently remain in their host and complete their development after it has pupated. Four other species, though normally living as larval parasites, may occasionally emerge from the pupa. One egg-parasite, Trichogramma evanescens, was recorded.None of the common species is confined to R. buoliana, and there is no reason to suppose that the other species, about which less is known, are any more specific. Five of the species reared are new to Great Britain and eighteen constitute new records for this host.

scholarly journals Review: Making sense of Bad English

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Alexander Padilla
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The People ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Parts

To recognize what is or what is not the good use of English, language scientist have disposed the official term “Standard English”. If so, what does this term really means? and what were the conditions and bounds where this term was created? and in consequence, who are the people that really speak on this strict way? This book discusses through an anthropological and linguistic way the term “Good English”. Thus, in general words the author will discuss: How can somebody know whether his use of English is good or bad? What are the causes of such distinction (good/bad) in real practices using this language? Moreover, the specific objective beyond the common negative answer about the not standardized English, this book will offer an explanation from the social, cultural and historical facts about the meaning of being an English user in different parts of the world.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic characterization and evolution of the VP4 gene of P[9] rotaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharnali Ahmed ◽  
Takaaki Yahiro ◽  
Nor Amalina Emran ◽  
Lia Natasha Amit ◽  
Hidekatsu Iha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Objectives: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is responsible for over 200,000 deaths annually. Rotavirus can evolve by reassortment, in which gene segments are exchanged between strains of different origins. Rotavirus strains with the P[9] genotype is an example of reassortment, in which the P[9] genotype is from feline species. A number of outbreaks by P[9] strains have been documented in several countries. However, details regarding the epidemiological relationships between the strains remains largly unknown. Therefore, in the present study, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were perforemd to gain insight into P[9] strains circulating in different parts of the world. Results: The P[9] strains could be divided into five lineages, and that the common ancestor of currently circulating P[9] strains is around 168 years old. In each lineage, the strains were not only from different countries, but also from different continents. These findings suggest that none of the lineages has a specific region of distribution, and although humans have had interactions with cats for thousands of years, the ancestor of the current P[9] strain is relatively recent.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of the VP4 gene of P[9] rotaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharnali Ahmed ◽  
Takaaki Yahiro ◽  
Nor Amalina Emran ◽  
Lia Natasha Amit ◽  
Hidekatsu Iha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Objectives: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is responsible for over 200,000 deaths annually. Rotavirus can evolve by reassortment, in which gene segments are exchanged between strains of different origins. Rotavirus strains with the P[9] genotype is an example of reassortment, in which the P[9] genotype is from feline species. A number of outbreaks associated with P[9] strains have been documented in several countries. However, details regarding the epidemiological relationships between the strains remains largely unknown. Therefore, in the present study, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were performed to gain insight into P[9] strains circulating in different parts of the world. Results: The VP4 gene of the P[9] strains could be divided into six lineages, and P[9] strains characterized in this study share a common ancestor that circulated in circa 1864. In each lineage, the strains were not only from different countries, but also from different continents. These findings suggest that none of the lineages has a specific region of distribution, and although humans have had interactions with cats for thousands of years, the common ancestor of the VP4 gene of the current P[9] strains is relatively recent.

Notes on the Calliphorinae. Part I. The Oriental Species

1922 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Indian Journal ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Tissues

For many years I have collected and bred the Indian Calliphorinae, and recently contributed a number of papers describing the common species. In the first of these, which appeared in a recent number of the Indian Journal of Medical Research (viii, no. 1, July 1920), I described in some detail the egg, larva, puparium and adults of Chrysomyia bezziana, Villeneuve, the Old World screw-worm fly, and pointed out that this species is a specific myiasis-producing Calliphorine, only breeding in living tissues, and that its larvae may be found in all forms of cutaneous, subcutaneous, nasal, oral, aural and vaginal myiasis in man and animals. In the succeeding papers I described the larvae, puparia and adults of the other common species, two of which, Chrysomyia megacephala and Lucilia argyricephala, occasionally cause myiasis in animals in India. It was not possible at the time to determine the non-myiasis-producing species, and new names were given them. But recently, when studying the species of Musca in the National Collection at the British Museum, I was able to examine Walker's types and am now in a position to give these Indian species their correct names. At the same time I have examined all the Calliphorine material in the National Collection from other parts of the world, as well as many specimens in my own collection, and I propose in this and in succeeding notes to collect together all the results of my studies with a view to revising later the species of blow-flies. Here again I am deeply indebted to Major E. E. Austen, D.S.O., for the valuable help he has given me in this work.

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