PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI IN CANADA, 1919 TO 1944

1946 ◽  
Vol 24c (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Change ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Prairie Provinces

During the period 1919 to 1944, 65 physiologic races were identified from a total of 4543 isolates derived from uredial collections of Puccinia graminis Pers. var. Tritici Erikss. & Henn. Forty-nine races were obtained in the Prairie Provinces from a study of 3475 isolates; 40 in Eastern Canada from 1013 isolates, and 12 in British Columbia from 55 isolates. During this period, the predominant races have shown notable fluctuations in their prevalence. Races 36, 17, and 21 were the most common races until shortly after 1930 and were largely responsible for the severe rust losses suffered by Marquis and other common wheats during the decade preceding that year. Races 34 and 49 were collected frequently from 1927 to about 1935. All of these races diminished greatly in their prevalence between 1930 and 1936, whereas race 56, which was first collected in Canada in 1931, has become the predominant race since 1934. It was this race that played a major part in the stem rust epiphytotic of 1935. Another recent change in the racial population was a recrudescence in 1940 of race17, which for several previous years had been of minor importance. In 1941 this race challenged the pre-eminent position of race 56 but receded again in succeeding years to minor significance.The distribution of races is somewhat similar but not identical in different parts of Canada. Races 36 and 21 have been relatively more common in the Prairie Provinces than in Eastern Canada, while the contrary is true of race 38. Only about a dozen of the 65 races collected in Canada have thus far assumed much economic importance, a few others may be considered of minor significance, but at least two-thirds of the races have been found only occasionally and have, for reasons not fully understood, failed to gain even a limited distribution.A comparison of the number of physiologic races collected in Eastern Canada and the Prairie Provinces, respectively, has indicated a somewhat greater variety of physiologic races in the former region, a condition that may perhaps be explained by the presence of the common barberry in many localities in Eastern Canada.

scholarly journals The Structure and Biology of Haemaphysalis punctata, Canestrini and Fanzago. I

Parasitology ◽  
1908 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geo. H. F. Nuttall ◽  
W. F. Cooper ◽  
L. E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
First Order ◽  
The World ◽  
Haemaphysalis Punctata ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nematode Worm ◽  
Different Parts

The importance of various species of ticks in relation to the propagation of protozoal diseases, is so generally recognised that it has appeared to us eminently desirable to make a detailed study of one of the common species. Such a study has seemed to us specially necessary for the reason that our knowledge of these parasites is very imperfect, in spite of the fact that they possess an economic interest of the first order. Some of the diseases which ticks transmit, notably those due to the haematozoal parasites belonging to the genus Piroplasma, are among the most devastating affections of domesticated animals in many parts of the world, the useful animals which suffer from piroplas-mosis being cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and dogs. The disease known as “Heart-water,” occurring in South Africa and affecting sheep, goats and cattle, is likewise tick-transmitted. A disease of the domesticated fowl, analogous to relapsing fever in man, likewise of economic importance and occurring in different parts of the world, has also been demonstrated to be transmitted from animal to animal through the agency of ticks. The fowl disease is due to a Spirochaeta which is conveyed by ticks; the same holds for human “tick fever” and a spirochaete infection in cattle occurring in parts of Africa. Recent investigation appears to have clearly established the fact that a tick conveys spotted or Rocky Mountain Fever to man. Moreover it has been claimed that a Nematode worm, the Filaria perstans, parasitic in man, undergoes its development in a tick which is capable of conveying the parasite from one human host to another. There can be no doubt but that ticks will be found, upon further investigation, to be associated in the transmission of an increasing number of diseases in animals.

EVALUATION OF THE COMMON HOP VARIETY SAMPLES ACCORDING TO THE PHENOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. А. Fadeev ◽  
Z. А. Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Vegetative Season

The results of study of the 12 year cycle of studies on the only in Russia collection of hops ordinary (Humulus lupulus L.), which contains 250 samples from different regions of Russia and 17 foreign countries. The number of process varieties, composition and origin, it is unique and corresponds to world level. A collection of accessions of hops is a population of female plants with a set of phenological, morphological and economic importance of signs. In the article, the estimation of the collectible varieties of hops at different ripeness groups according to phenological and morphological characteristics according to the method of test for distinctness, uniformity and stability. As the result of the research the Common Hop (Humuluslupulus) sorts were classified in accordance with their maturity time as early maturity (less than 100 days) – 10%, middle-early (101…110 days) – 14, middle duration (111…120 days) – 40, middle-late (121…130 days) – 10% and slow-maturing (more than 130 days) – 26%. Each group has a phenotypic and morphologies features. The early maturity, middle-early and middle duration varieties with vegetative season approximately 120 days are more adaptive to the conditions of the Chuvashia and central part of the Russia and provide obtaining high yield of the hop cones.

Marine tube-dwelling diatoms of eastern Canada: descriptions, checklist, and illustrated key

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Lobban
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Material ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
A New Species

From a study of living materials and specimens in several regional herbaria, a list has been drawn up of all the common and several of the rarer tube-dwelling diatoms of eastern Canada. Descriptions, illustrations of living material and acid-cleaned valves, and a key to the species are provided. Most specimens were from the Atlantic Provinces and the St. Lawrence estuary, but a few were from the Northwest Territories. By far the most common species is Berkeleya rutilans. Other species occurring commonly in the Quoddy Region of the Bay of Fundy, and sporadically in space and time elsewhere, arc Navicula delognei (two forms), Nav. pseudocomoides, Nav. smithii, Haslea crucigera, and a new species, Nav.rusticensis. Navicula ramosissima and Nav. mollis in eastern Canada are usually found as scattered cohabitants in tubes of other species. Nitzschia tubicola and Nz. fontifuga also occur sporadically as cohabitants.

The Distribution and economic Importance of Ixodes ricinus (L.) in Wales and the Welsh Border Counties with special Reference to N.W. Cardiganshire

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Owen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Ixodes ricinus is the common tick infesting farmstock in Wales. Dermacentor reticulatus is recorded on cattle and sheep on two farms in N. Cardiganshire.I. ricinus is widely distributed in the four major grassland zones of N.W. Cardiganshire. The most extensive areas of tick infestation are found on the marginal and hill farms. In lowland areas, except on extensive stretches of marshland, infested pastures are confined to isolated tracts of badly managed or poorly drained land. Infested grazings are invariably “rough” and contain one of the following plants as dominant: Festuca spp., Agrostis spp., Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteris aquilina or Juncus spp. The degree of infestation of cattle depends on the relative area of the available grazing land colonised by the tick. Continuous stocking of infested pastures results in heavy infestations and vice versa.Bovine piroplasmosis is the major tick-borne disease in N.W. Cardiganshire and predominates in the lowland districts. Outbreaks of the disease on marginal and hill farms are generally infrequent. Reasons are suggested for this phenomenon. Tick pyaemia is confined to lambs on hill grazings. The incidence of this disease is low.The distribution of the tick in Wales and the border counties of Hereford and Salop shows a general relationship to areas of rough grazing. The tick is widespread in the western counties and is almost absent in the border counties. Radnorshire and Breconshire are interesting in that they have few infested farms in relation to the extensive nature of the “rough” grazing. A survey has also been conducted of the incidence of bovine piroplasmosis in Wales.

Importance of diseases in herbage seed production

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
G.C.M. Latch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Suggested Keywords ◽  
Production Diseases

Yield and quality of herbage seed can be affected by many diseases. In New Zealand the most important diseases of grasses are rusts, especially stem rust on ryegrasses, cocksfoot and timothy; head smut of bromes; and ergot of paspalum. Blind-seed disease is of minor importance on ryegrass at present. Clover yield can be affected by rot, scorch and stem nematode. These diseases and others are discussed in relation to changing farming practices, and disease control measures are suggested. Keywords: Herbage seed production, diseases, Puccinia graminis, Ustilago bullata, Claviceps paspali, Gloeotinia temulenta

An Overview on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical, Traditional and Economical Aspects of Aegle marmelos

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Nikita Kumawat ◽  
Jidnyasa Pantwalawalkar ◽  
Yogini Vispute ◽  
Rahul Tade ◽  
Sopan Nangare
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Preceding Work ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bael Powder ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Wound Healing Activity ◽  
Different Parts

Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos Corr., Rutaceace) known as bael is found from pre-historic time. It belongs of Indian origin. It has abundant allegorical importance for Hindus. A. marmelos is available in diverse varieties viz. Pant Aparna, Pant Urvashi, Narendra bael-5, Narendra bael-6, Pant Sujata, Pant Shivani, CISHB-1, CISHB-2, etc. Wholly parts of the A. marmelos tree have medicinal values and have been used as medicine for a long time. A. marmelos has different classes of compounds including coumarins, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, etc. This plant has a strong potential to treat diseases including diarrhea, dysentery, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, diabetes, peptic ulcer, inflammation, etc. Besides, it provided anticancer, cardio-protective, antipyretic, analgesic, constipation, antioxidant, wound healing activity. The gum obtained from bael fruits has great potential in sustaining the delivery of the drug. The marketed products of A. marmelos are Chyawanprash, A. marmelos capsules, Capsule Bilv Giri, Entrostat Syrup, Ojamin, Vilwadigulika, etc. Other products made from fruit are jam, slab, dehydrated bael, fruit squash, fruit pulp Bael powder, toffee, and ready to serve (RTS) drink. Recently lots of work on different parts of bael has been establishing scientific proof for its traditional claims. Hence, it is essential to compile the current findings along with the preceding work, which will assist the researchers to find all the literature on A. marmelos. Overall, the present overview deals with general, traditional, phytopharmaceutical, pharmacological, chemical profile, and economic importance like pharmaceutical and other applications.

Tetranychus sinhai Baker (Acarina: Tetranychidae) a New Pest of Cereals — Varietal Reaction of Barley

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Sinha ◽  
H. A. H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
North American ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Lake Shore ◽  
The World ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
New Pest ◽  
Prairie Provinces

AbstractTetranychus sinhai Baker (Acarina, Tetranychidae), a new pest was observed to infest barley, wheat, and rye crops in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. In barley, typical symptoms of the mite attack are manifested by a darkening of leaves, followed by yellowing and wilting from the bend of the leaf to its tip. The increase in number of mites per leaf was reflected by the showing of advanced symptoms on leaves. One hundred and sixty-five barley varieties from different parts of the world were examined for their reaction to T. sinhai infestation in the field. Of these 15 were found to be resistant, 47 moderately resistant, 88 moderately susceptible, and 15 susceptible. In general, the barley varieties grown in arid regions of the world appeared to be more resistant to T. sinhai infestation.The most commonly grown barley varieties in Canada, Parkland, and Montcalm, were moderately susceptible. Only two North American varieties, Canadian Lake Shore–C.I. 2750, and Gem C.I. 7243 showed high resistance to T. sinhai infestation.

scholarly journals Emergency Management of Acute on Chronic Liver Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
AJ Portal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
The Common ◽  
Complications Of Cirrhosis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Licensing Laws

Chronic liver disease is becoming more common in the UK. There has been much media coverage due to recent change in licensing laws and celebrity figures suffering from cirrhosis. This review highlights the common complications of cirrhosis that frequently present to the acute physician, focussing on initial presentation and subsequent management, based on the current best available evidence.

scholarly journals I. Mahonia aquifolia as a nurse of the wheat mildew ( Puccinia graminis )

1883 ◽  
Vol 36 (228-231) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Common ◽  
Germ Tubes

It has always been difficult to account for the widely-spread nature of outbreaks of wheat mildew in districts in which the common barberry is either entirely absent or very uncommon. In the year 1874 the Rev. James Stevenson found at Glamis, in Forfarshire, an Æcidium upon Mahonia aquifolia , which the Rev. M. J. Berkelev pronounced to be Æcidium berberidis . In the following year Dr. Paul Magnus found the same fungus at Lichterfelde, near Berlin, but since that time it does not seem to have been noticed by any one. On the 31st of May, 1883, Mr. William C. Little, of Stagsholt, March, gave me a freshly gathered specimen of Mahonia aquifolia , upon the berries of which the Æcidium was abundant. Knowing that upon the barberry no less than three different AEcidia occur, I determined to prove by direct experimental culture whether this one was the Æeidium berberidis of Persoon (the æcidiospore of Puccinia graminis ). At 10 p. m. on the evening of the 31st May I placed some of the spores upon the cuticle of some wheat-plants which had been cultivated under a bell-glass. In eleven days the uredo of Puccinia graminis made its appearance upon these plants. The details of this, as well as of two other experiments, are appended. On the 13th June I placed some of the secidiospores upon a piece of wheat cuticle; in twelve hours they had germinated, and a little later the germ-tubes were seen entering the stomata, in the same manner as those of Æcidium berberidis do (see figure). It is then clear that the Æcidium upon Mahonia aquifolia is identical with the Æcidium berberidis (Pers.), and is a part of the life-cycle of Puccinia graminis , and is unconnected with the Æcidium magellanicum (Berk.), and the Æcidium of Puccinia berberidis (Mont.). The Mahonia in question is widely cultivated in gardens throughout England and is a favourite evergreen in shrubberies. It is also extensively planted in woods as a covert for game.

Molecular phylogeny of Fordini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Pemphiginae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1 α and mitochondrial gene COI

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Zhang ◽  
G.X. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe tribe Fordini is a fascinating group because of its complicated life history, primary host specificity and gall-forming characteristic. Different species produce galls with different morphology on different parts of the host plants. The EF-1α-based, COI-based and combined sequences-based phylogenetic trees with three algorithms MP, ML and Bayes all strongly suggest that Fordini is a monophyletic group with two clades corresponding to two subtribes, Fordina and Melaphidina, each also monophyletic. Some important morphological characters and primary host plants of aphids were mapped onto the phylogenetic tree to analyse the division of subtribes and to uncover at which level the aphids correspond to their primary hosts, Pistacia and Rhus. Results suggest that the division of subtribes in Fordini is closely related to host selection of aphids. The evolution of gall morphology and the probable driving force behind it in this tribe were also discussed. The Fordini aphids seem to have evolved towards a better ability to manipulate their host plant, induce strong sinks and gain high reproductive success. Galls in this tribe evolved mainly along two directions to attain this goal: (i) by enlarging the gall from small bag to spherical, even big cauliflower-like, and changing the galls' location or forming two galls in their life cycle (Fordina); (ii) by moving the gall position from midrib, petiole of the leaflet, and eventually to the common petiole of the compound leaf (Melaphidina).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document