scholarly journals Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of the VP4 gene of P[9] rotaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharnali Ahmed ◽  
Takaaki Yahiro ◽  
Nor Amalina Emran ◽  
Lia Natasha Amit ◽  
Hidekatsu Iha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Objectives: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is responsible for over 200,000 deaths annually. Rotavirus can evolve by reassortment, in which gene segments are exchanged between strains of different origins. Rotavirus strains with the P[9] genotype is an example of reassortment, in which the P[9] genotype is from feline species. A number of outbreaks associated with P[9] strains have been documented in several countries. However, details regarding the epidemiological relationships between the strains remains largely unknown. Therefore, in the present study, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were performed to gain insight into P[9] strains circulating in different parts of the world. Results: The VP4 gene of the P[9] strains could be divided into six lineages, and P[9] strains characterized in this study share a common ancestor that circulated in circa 1864. In each lineage, the strains were not only from different countries, but also from different continents. These findings suggest that none of the lineages has a specific region of distribution, and although humans have had interactions with cats for thousands of years, the common ancestor of the VP4 gene of the current P[9] strains is relatively recent.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic characterization and evolution of the VP4 gene of P[9] rotaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharnali Ahmed ◽  
Takaaki Yahiro ◽  
Nor Amalina Emran ◽  
Lia Natasha Amit ◽  
Hidekatsu Iha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Objectives: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is responsible for over 200,000 deaths annually. Rotavirus can evolve by reassortment, in which gene segments are exchanged between strains of different origins. Rotavirus strains with the P[9] genotype is an example of reassortment, in which the P[9] genotype is from feline species. A number of outbreaks by P[9] strains have been documented in several countries. However, details regarding the epidemiological relationships between the strains remains largly unknown. Therefore, in the present study, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were perforemd to gain insight into P[9] strains circulating in different parts of the world. Results: The P[9] strains could be divided into five lineages, and that the common ancestor of currently circulating P[9] strains is around 168 years old. In each lineage, the strains were not only from different countries, but also from different continents. These findings suggest that none of the lineages has a specific region of distribution, and although humans have had interactions with cats for thousands of years, the ancestor of the current P[9] strain is relatively recent.

scholarly journals Studying Attitudes to Work Worldwide, 1500–1650: Concepts, Sources, and Problems of Interpretation

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (S19) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
New Work ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts

SummaryThe period 1500–1650 was characterized by huge global transformations. These had a major impact on a wide range of societal forms and cultures. As a result, different work ethics clashed and formed hybrid combinations, and new work ethics came into being during many-sided confrontations. The question of how the labouring poor in different parts of the world experienced these changes in the context of their work is an extremely difficult one. The present essay attempts to define a number of key concepts (“work”, “attitude”); it evaluates critically the various sources which might give us an insight into attitudes to work; and it reflects on interpretative difficulties. The essay concludes by presenting a few substantive hypotheses.

scholarly journals Enhancing and Conservation of Ecosystem through Philatelic Education in Europe: Think Green Concept (I) - Stamp Research Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-78
Author(s):  
Bogdan Cioruța ◽  
Alexandru Leonard Pop ◽  
Mirela Coman
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Ecological Education ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Registered Trademark ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The Common ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
Insight Into

Each year the members of PostEurop issue EUROPA stamps on a common theme. One new twist is that all stamp issuers in the PostEurop area are using the same motif. The 2016 year's theme was the environment. PostNord works actively to take environmental and sustainability responsibilities seriously and have set clear, measurable goals. EUROPA stamps are special stamps issued by European postal administrations and bears the official EUROPA logo, a PostEurop registered trademark under the aegis of PostEurop in which Europe is the central theme. EUROPA stamps underlines cooperation in the posts domain, taking into account promotion of thematic philately. They also build awareness of the common roots, culture and history of Europe and its common goals. As such, EUROPA stamp issues are among the most collected and most popular stamps in the world. Since the first issue in 1956, EUROPA stamps have been a tangible symbol of Europe’s desire for closer integration and cooperation. In 1993, PostEurop became responsible for issuing EUROPA stamps, so each year, philately working group selects the EUROPA stamp theme. “Think green!” was the 2016 theme. EUROPA stamps “Think green!” theme aimed to create awareness and give a wakeup call - its time to protect our environment for the better future of the coming generations, and to contribute to sustainable development. In this paper we propose an insight into the history of Europe preoccupations for nature protection and conservation, to bring into limelight the significant concerns in promoting ecological education via thematic issues (in this case, “Think green!” issues). In this context, for this study only, the main objective is to identify, index and describe the main philatelic pieces issued as EUROPA stamps, from the beginning of issuing in this field, and for the first half of the countries involved in the 2016 PostEurop's contest.

scholarly journals Psychic Trauma of Youngsters in R.K. Narayan’s The World of Nagaraj

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Gabriel Karthick K
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Psychic Trauma ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insight Into

The article examines the psychic trauma of youngsters during the crucial stage of their life. It gives a deep insight into the practical issues faced by youngsters, as explained by R.K. Narayan in his novel. It describes the complex transition of an adolescent mind into adulthood. The themes of the novel The World of Nagaraj are closely attached to real-life experiences of youngsters and also engross the psychology of young minds. The main objective is to analyze the common psychic issues of youngsters in the Indian context.

scholarly journals The Hero of The Yellow Wagtail: roots of the image

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-545
Author(s):  
G. S Vrtanesyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Original Image ◽  
Initial Model ◽  
Yellow Wagtail ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Traditional Image

Introduction: Mir Susne Khum (son of the Heaven Torum) occupies a special place in the pantheon of the Mansi people and is named Mir Shetivi-Kho, Каn-Iki, Оrt Iki (the Eastern Khanty), Ar Mig-Khui, Kale-Khui, Pairaxta (the Southern Khanty). This is one of the few images of the Ob-Ugric pantheon that has explicit Indo-Iranian roots (a horseman), which organically combines with characteristic ornithomorphic features. There are obvious (but unclear) different origins of the genesis of the image of the Son of Heaven, in different parts of the Ob-Ugric world. The analysis of the texts allows us to talk about the symbiosis of the trickster’s features and the hero in the image of Mir Susne Khum, and his belonging to the circle of «the last heroes». Objective: to identify and analyze the ornithomorphic aspects of the image of Mir Susne Khum, and the peculiarities of the images of the trickster and the «last hero» in the Ob-Ugric texts. Research materials: folklore and epic texts of the Ob Ugrians. Results and novelty of the research: although the traditional image of Mir Susne Khum as a heavenly horseman is quite early, but the original image is, apparently, ornithomorphic. The world of Mir Susne Khum is endowed with the features of both a trickster and the «last hero». The initial model of his image had two components: «dark» (winter / death) and «light» (summer / life), balancing each other. Later, under the influence of traditional ornithomorphic (migratory) images (wagtail, goose, crane), the solar aspect of the image began to dominat

scholarly journals II. Note on the species of fleas found upon rats, Mus rattus and Mus decumanus, in different parts of the world, and on some variations in the proportion of each species in different localities

1906 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hon. N. Charles Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common House ◽  
Different Parts

Ceratophyllus fasciatus1 is the flea usually found on Mus decumanus in Great Britain, and this is also the case, apparently, throughout Northern and Central Europe. The common house mouse, Mus musculus, occasionally harbours this parasite also, though its usual flea is Ctenopsylla musculi.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis and Karyotype Evolution in Two Species of Core Gruiformes: Aramides cajaneus and Psophia viridis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanete de Oliveira Furo ◽  
Rafael Kretschmer ◽  
Patrícia C. M. O’Brien ◽  
Jorge C. Pereira ◽  
Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fulica Atra ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Origins

Gruiformes is a group with phylogenetic issues. Recent studies based on mitochondrial and genomic DNA have proposed the existence of a core Gruiformes, consisting of five families: Heliornithidae, Aramidae, Gruidae, Psophiidae and Rallidae. Karyotype studies on these species are still scarce, either by conventional staining or molecular cytogenetics. Due to this, this study aimed to analyze the karyotype of two species (Aramides cajaneus and Psophia viridis) belonging to families Rallidae and Psopiidae, respectively, by comparative chromosome painting. The results show that some chromosome rearrangements in this group have different origins, such as the association of GGA5/GGA7 in A. cajaneus, as well as the fission of GGA4p and association GGA6/GGA7, which place P. viridis close to Fulica atra and Gallinula chloropus. In addition, we conclude that the common ancestor of the core Gruiformes maintained the original syntenic groups found in the putative avian ancestral karyotype.

scholarly journals Review: Making sense of Bad English

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Alexander Padilla
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The People ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Parts

To recognize what is or what is not the good use of English, language scientist have disposed the official term “Standard English”. If so, what does this term really means? and what were the conditions and bounds where this term was created? and in consequence, who are the people that really speak on this strict way? This book discusses through an anthropological and linguistic way the term “Good English”. Thus, in general words the author will discuss: How can somebody know whether his use of English is good or bad? What are the causes of such distinction (good/bad) in real practices using this language? Moreover, the specific objective beyond the common negative answer about the not standardized English, this book will offer an explanation from the social, cultural and historical facts about the meaning of being an English user in different parts of the world.

scholarly journals Dogon pronominal systems their nature and evolution

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-344
Author(s):  
Cristopher Culy ◽  
Kungarma Kodio
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
Insight Into

The Dogon language family has received little attention in the linguistics literature to date. In this paper we examine the binding properties of the pronominal systems of three Dogon languages, Donno S:>, T:>r:> S:>, and Togo Ka. We also posit the pronominal system of their common ancestor, and the changes from the common ancestor to the contemporary languages. In doing so, we find two ways in which languages can lose logophoricity: (1) the logophoric pronoun becomes a subject oriented reflexive, and (2) the logophoric pronoun is lost without any reflex. The Dogon languages thus give us insight into the nature of pronominal systems and how they evolve.

scholarly journals Gaining through Bereavement: A Comparative Study of the Literature of Bijan Najdi and Gabriel Garcia Marquez

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-486
Author(s):  
Zahra Sonia Barghani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Gabriel Garcia Marquez ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Human History ◽  
The World ◽  
Actual Change ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Throughout human history bereavement has always imposed its undeniable and inevitable impact on the life of those affected by it. Despite all discrepancies what can be considered the common ground in bereavement among all nations regardless of cultural, ideological, religious and ethical values is the fact that bereavement infuses an indispensable change into the lives of those encountering it. The comparative study of Burial and The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Iranian and Colombian authors, respectively, points out the unconventional reversed handling of bereavement which results in obtaining insight into the human capacity to mature. Both authors make their characters inseminate their barren lives with grief to produce a change which is drastic and flourishing in Gabriel Garcia Marquez and soothing and stabilizing in Bijan Najdi. Through the course of the stories the childless couple in Najdi and the villagers in Garcia Marquez are gradually exposed to the truth of their lives ironically by the corpses coming up their ways quite unexpectedly and learn to develop new identities, attaching themselves to and possessing the bodies. This comparative study sheds light on how the revelation they experience inculcates a joyful, fluid mobility in the villagers and stability in the couple’s life. The study of these texts reveals the absolute notion that the actual change originates from the world within and what lies in the world without is dead.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document