Cytokine changes in colonic mucosa associated withBlastocystisspp. subtypes 1 and 3 in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED YAKOOB ◽  
ZAIGHAM ABBAS ◽  
MUHAMMAD WAQAS USMAN ◽  
AISHA SULTANA ◽  
MUHAMMAD ISLAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYWe determined cytokines (e.g. interleukin-8, 10, 12 and TNF-α) expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in rectal mucosa in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) withBlastocystisspp. Eighty patients with D-IBS andBlastocystisspp. infection were classified as ‘cases’ and 80 with D-IBS withoutBlastocystisspp. infection were classified as ‘control’. Cases were subdivided into D-IBS andBlastocystissp. defined type 1 (subtype-specific primer SB83) and type 3 (SB227). Stool microscopy and culture were performed. Rectal biopsies were obtained for histology and cytokines by real-time PCR for mRNA expression of cytokines. PBMCs IL-8 was similar in different groups but in type 1, IL-8mRNA was increased compared with type 3 (P = 0·001) and control (P = 0·001). In type 1, IL-10 by PBMCs had a low mean value (14·5±1·6) compared with (16·7±1·5) type 3 and (16±2·3) in controls (P<0·001 andP<0·001, respectively). InBlastocystissp. type 1, low IL-10 was associated with lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration (P = 0·015 andP = 0·002, respectively). InBlastocystissp. type 1 and type 3, IL-12 was associated with goblet cell depletion 23 (85%) (P<0·001) and 8 (29%) (P = 0·037), respectively. InBlastocystissp. type 1, low IL-10 was associated with a proinflammatory response characterized by IL-8.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Gag-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Rectal Mucosa and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells during Chronic HIV Type 1 Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 5460-5471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. William Critchfield ◽  
Donna Lemongello ◽  
Digna H. Walker ◽  
Juan C. Garcia ◽  
David M. Asmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The intestinal tract is a lymphocyte-rich site that undergoes severe depletion of memory CD4+ T cells within days of simian immunodeficiency virus or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. An ensuing influx of virus-specific CD8+ T cells, which persist throughout the chronic phase of infection, has also been documented in the gastrointestinal tract. However, little is known of the functionality of these effector cells or their relationship to the disease course. In this study, we measured CD8+ T-cell responses to HIV-1 peptides in paired rectal and blood samples from chronically infected patients. In both blood and rectum, there was an immunodominant CD8+ T-cell response to HIV Gag compared to Pol and Env (P < 0.01). In contrast, cytomegalovirus pp65 peptides elicited gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion strongly in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but weakly in rectal CD8+ T cells (P = 0.015). Upon stimulation with HIV peptides, CD8+ T cells from both sites were capable of mounting complex responses including degranulation (CD107 expression) and IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production. In rectal tissue, CD107 release was frequently coupled with production of IFN-γ or TNF-α. In patients not on antiretroviral therapy, the magnitude of Gag-specific responses, as a percentage of CD8+ T cells, was greater in the rectal mucosa than in PBMC (P = 0.054); however, the breakdown of responding cells into specific functional categories was similar in both sites. These findings demonstrate that rectal CD8+ T cells are capable of robust and varied HIV-1-specific responses and therefore likely play an active role in eliminating infected cells during chronic infection.

Heterogeneity in the response of pigs and mice to specific CpG oligodeoxynucleotides

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Li Guang-Fu ◽  
Zhu Hong-Fei ◽  
Shao Guo-Qing ◽  
Zhu Jian-Zhong ◽  
Ma Yan-Qing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cpg Odn ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Mouse Splenocytes ◽  
Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotides ◽  
And Control ◽  
Γ Interferon

AbstractDifferences in immunostimulation activity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) between pigs and mice were studied. In accordance with current research data, three kinds of CpG ODN – 2006, D19 and 1826, which were identified as optimally active in humans, pigs and mice, respectively – and control ODN D48, a non CpG-containing ODN, were selected and synthesized. Results indicated that CpG ODN D19 strongly stimulated the proliferation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the amount of γ-interferon in the supernatant of activated cells increased, exceeding that of all other ODNs tested, while mouse splenocytes did not respond. CpG ODN 1826 strongly stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes, but porcine PBMCs remained unresponsive. CpG ODN 2006 effectively stimulated proliferation of both porcine PBMCs and mouse splenocytes. Therefore some specific CpG ODNs, D19 and 1826, selectively stimulated animal species, while CpG ODN 2006 possessed a common stimulation effect. In addition, CpG ODN D19 predominantly induced the response of type 1 T-helper cells in vivo.

scholarly journals Reovirus Serotypes Elicit Distinctive Patterns of Recall Immunity in Humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (15) ◽  
pp. 7515-7523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée N. Douville ◽  
Ruey-Chyi Su ◽  
Kevin M. Coombs ◽  
F. Estelle R. Simons ◽  
Kent T. HayGlass
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Common Serotypes ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT Mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) are ubiquitous viral agents that infect cells in respiratory and enteric tracts. The frequency and nature of human cellular immunoregulatory responses against reovirus are unknown. Here we establish systems to detect and quantify reovirus-induced cytokine and chemokine recall responses using primary cultures of virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and two widely used reovirus serotypes, type 1 Lang (T1L) and type 3 Dearing (T3D) reexposure in vitro. In cultures from 44 healthy adults, reovirus induced exceptionally strong CD4 and CD8 T-cell-dependent gamma interferon (IFN-γ) recall responses concomitant with intense interleukin 10 (IL-10) production. These responses were elicited independently of viral replication. Surprisingly, paired analyses of subject responses to these two common serotypes revealed that while both elicit intense Th1-dominated immunity, median T3D-driven responses were 2.2-fold weaker (P = 0.0004) than those elicited by T1L. Recall responses evoked by these viral serotypes differed markedly in their mechanism of regulation. T3D IL-10 and IFN-γ responses were CD4 and CD8 dependent and blocked by interfering with CD86 costimulation but were CD80 independent. T1L responses were consistently CD28 and CD80/86 independent. Thus, despite extensive genetic and morphological similarities between reovirus serotypes, the nature and intensity of the human recall responses as well as the control mechanisms regulating them are clearly distinct.

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