scholarly journals Genome evolution in trypanosomatid parasites

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (S1) ◽  
pp. S40-S56 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW P. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Parasitic Lifestyle ◽  
Trypanosomatid Parasites ◽  
The Many ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Fresh Impetus

SUMMARYA decade of genome sequencing has transformed our understanding of how trypanosomatid parasites have evolved and provided fresh impetus to explaining the origins of parasitism in the Kinetoplastida. In this review, I will consider the many ways in which genome sequences have influenced our view of genomic reduction in trypanosomatids; how species-specific genes, and the genomic domains they occupy, have illuminated the innovations in trypanosomatid genomes; and how comparative genomics has exposed the molecular mechanisms responsible for innovation and adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Bacillus species and its Relevance in Industrial Microbiology

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. GEI.S12732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Sharma ◽  
T. Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Analytical Tools

With the advent of high throughput sequencing platforms and relevant analytical tools, the rate of microbial genome sequencing has accelerated which has in turn led to better understanding of microbial molecular biology and genetics. The complete genome sequences of important industrial organisms provide opportunities for human health, industry, and the environment. Bacillus species are the dominant workhorses in industrial fermentations. Today, genome sequences of several Bacillus species are available, and comparative genomics of this genus helps in understanding their physiology, biochemistry, and genetics. The genomes of these bacterial species are the sources of many industrially important enzymes and antibiotics and, therefore, provide an opportunity to tailor enzymes with desired properties to suit a wide range of applications. A comparative account of strengths and weaknesses of the different sequencing platforms are also highlighted in the review.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Six Vibrio Strains Isolated from the Atlantic Intertidal Marine Sponge Ophlitaspongia papilla

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Alex ◽  
Vijayakumari Pratheepa ◽  
Joana Martins ◽  
Agostinho Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Microbial Symbioses

ABSTRACT We report here the genome sequences of six Vibrio strains isolated from an Atlantic intertidal marine sponge, Ophlitaspongia papilla. Genome mining and comparative genomics will assist in deciphering the bioactive potential of the symbiotic microbes and molecular mechanisms of sponge-microbial symbioses.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 28 Actinobacteria of the Family Microbacteriaceae Associated with Nematode-Infected Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Tarlachkov ◽  
Irina P. Starodumova ◽  
Lubov V. Dorofeeva ◽  
Natalia V. Prisyazhnaya ◽  
Tatiana V. Roubtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Plant Parasitic

ABSTRACT Draft genome sequences of 28 strains of Microbacteriaceae from plants infested by plant-parasitic nematodes were obtained using Illumina technology. The sequence data will provide useful baseline information for the development of comparative genomics and systematics of Microbacteriaceae and facilitate understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in interactions between plants and nematode-associated bacterial complexes.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics and genome evolution in yeasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1467) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Model System ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Protein Sequence Identity ◽  
Low Levels

Yeasts provide a powerful model system for comparative genomics research. The availability of multiple complete genome sequences from different fungal groups—currently 18 hemiascomycetes, 8 euascomycetes and 4 basidiomycetes—enables us to gain a broad perspective on genome evolution. The sequenced genomes span a continuum of divergence levels ranging from multiple individuals within a species to species pairs with low levels of protein sequence identity and no conservation of gene order. One of the most interesting emerging areas is the growing number of events such as gene losses, gene displacements and gene relocations that can be attributed to the action of natural selection.

scholarly journals Expansion of LINEs and species-specific DNA repeats drives genome expansion in Asian Gypsy Moths

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Olivier Hebert ◽  
Luca Freschi ◽  
Gwylim Blackburn ◽  
Catherine Béliveau ◽  
Ken Dewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Genomic Signatures ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Asian Gypsy Moth ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Two subspecies of Asian gypsy moth (AGM), Lymantria dispar asiatica and L. dispar japonica, pose a serious alien invasive threat to North American forests. Despite decades of research on the ecology and biology of this pest, limited AGM-specific genomic resources are currently available. Here, we report on the genome sequences and functional content of these AGM subspecies. The genomes of L.d. asiatica and L.d. japonica are the largest lepidopteran genomes sequenced to date, totaling 921 and 999 megabases, respectively. Large genome size in these subspecies is driven by the accumulation of specific classes of repeats. Genome-wide metabolic pathway reconstructions suggest strong genomic signatures of energy-related pathways in both subspecies, dominated by metabolic functions related to thermogenesis. The genome sequences reported here will provide tools for probing the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic traits that are thought to enhance AGM invasiveness.

scholarly journals Alu-mediated weak CEBPA binding and slow B cell transdifferentiation in human

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramil Nurtdinov ◽  
Maria Sanz ◽  
Amaya Abad ◽  
Alexandre Esteban ◽  
Sebastian Ullrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Alu Repeats ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Cell Transdifferentiation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Alu Repeat ◽  
Species Specific

Many developmental and differentiation processes take substantially longer in human than in mouse. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, here we have specifically focused on the transdifferentiation from B cells to macrophages. The process is triggered by exactly the same molecular mechanism -- the induction by the transcription factor (TF) CEBPA -- but takes three days in mouse and seven in human. In mouse, the speed of this process is known to be associated with Myc expression. We found that in this species, CEBPA binds strongly to the Myc promoter, efficiently down-regulating Myc. In human, in contrast, CEBPA does not bind this promoter, and MYC is indirectly and more slowly down-regulated. Attenuation of CEBPA binding is not specific to the MYC promoter, but a general trait of the human genome across multiple biological conditions. We traced back weak CEBPA binding to the primate-specific Alu repeat expansion. Many Alu repeats carry strong CEBPA binding motifs, which sequester CEBPA, and attenuate CEBPA binding genome-wide. We observed similar CEBPA and MYC dynamics in natural processes regulated by CEBPA, suggesting that CEBPA attenuation could underlie the longer duration in human processes controlled by this factor. Our work highlights the highly complex mode in which biological information is encoded in genome sequences, evolutionarily connecting, in an unexpected way, lineage-specific transposable element expansions to species-specific changes in developmental tempos.

scholarly journals Experimental evolution of gallium resistance in Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Joseph L Graves ◽  
Akamu J Ewunkem ◽  
Jason Ward ◽  
Constance Staley ◽  
Misty D Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gallium Nitrate ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
K 12

Abstract Background and Objectives Metallic antimicrobial materials are of growing interest due to their potential to control pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Yet we do not know if utilizing these materials can lead to genetic adaptations that produce even more dangerous bacterial varieties. Methodology Here we utilize experimental evolution to produce strains of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 resistant to, the iron analog, gallium nitrate (Ga(NO3)3). Whole genome sequencing was utilized to determine genomic changes associated with gallium resistance. Computational modeling was utilized to propose potential molecular mechanisms of resistance. Results By day 10 of evolution, increased gallium resistance was evident in populations cultured in medium containing a sublethal concentration of gallium. Furthermore, these populations showed increased resistance to ionic silver and iron (III), but not iron (II) and no increase in traditional antibiotic resistance compared with controls and the ancestral strain. In contrast, the control populations showed increased resistance to rifampicin relative to the gallium-resistant and ancestral population. Genomic analysis identified hard selective sweeps of mutations in several genes in the gallium (III)-resistant lines including: fecA (iron citrate outer membrane transporter), insl1 (IS30 tranposase) one intergenic mutations arsC →/→ yhiS; (arsenate reductase/pseudogene) and in one pseudogene yedN ←; (iapH/yopM family). Two additional significant intergenic polymorphisms were found at frequencies > 0.500 in fepD ←/→ entS (iron-enterobactin transporter subunit/enterobactin exporter, iron-regulated) and yfgF ←/→ yfgG (cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, anaerobic/uncharacterized protein). The control populations displayed mutations in the rpoB gene, a gene associated with rifampicin resistance. Conclusions This study corroborates recent results observed in experiments utilizing pathogenic Pseudomonas strains that also showed that Gram-negative bacteria can rapidly evolve resistance to an atom that mimics an essential micronutrient and shows the pleiotropic consequences associated with this adaptation. Lay summary We utilize experimental evolution to produce strains of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 resistant to, the iron analog, gallium nitrate (Ga(NO3)3). Whole genome sequencing was utilized to determine genomic changes associated with gallium resistance. Computational modeling was utilized to propose potential molecular mechanisms of resistance.

scholarly journals E. coli NF73-1 Isolated From NASH Patients Aggravates NAFLD in Mice by Translocating Into the Liver and Stimulating M1 Polarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Jiang ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Na Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Metabolic Switch ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
E Coli

ObjectiveThe gut microbiota is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We isolated the Escherichia coli strain NF73-1 from the intestines of a NASH patient and then investigated its effect and underlying mechanism.Methods16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) amplicon sequencing was used to detect bacterial profiles in healthy controls, NAFLD patients and NASH patients. Highly enriched E. coli strains were cultured and isolated from NASH patients. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics were performed to investigate gene expression. Depending on the diet, male C57BL/6J mice were further grouped in normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. To avoid disturbing the bacterial microbiota, some of the ND and HFD mice were grouped as “bacteria-depleted” mice and treated with a cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotic complex (ABX) from the 8th to 10th week. Then, E. coli NF73-1, the bacterial strain isolated from NASH patients, was administered transgastrically for 6 weeks to investigate its effect and mechanism in the pathogenic progression of NAFLD.ResultsThe relative abundance of Escherichia increased significantly in the mucosa of NAFLD patients, especially NASH patients. The results from whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics showed a specific gene expression profile in E. coli strain NF73-1, which was isolated from the intestinal mucosa of NASH patients. E. coli NF73-1 accelerates NAFLD independently. Only in the HFD-NF73-1 and HFD-ABX-NF73-1 groups were EGFP-labeled E. coli NF73-1 detected in the liver and intestine. Subsequently, translocation of E. coli NF73-1 into the liver led to an increase in hepatic M1 macrophages via the TLR2/NLRP3 pathway. Hepatic M1 macrophages induced by E. coli NF73-1 activated mTOR-S6K1-SREBP-1/PPAR-α signaling, causing a metabolic switch from triglyceride oxidation toward triglyceride synthesis in NAFLD mice.ConclusionsE. coli NF73-1 is a critical trigger in the progression of NAFLD. E. coli NF73-1 might be a specific strain for NAFLD patients.

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