scholarly journals Characterization of tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in South Africa and Zambia and detection of protozoan parasites they are harbouring

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOETI O. TAIOE ◽  
MAKHOSAZANA Y. MOTLOANG ◽  
BONIFACE NAMANGALA ◽  
AMOS CHOTA ◽  
NTHATISI I. MOLEFE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trypanosoma Theileri

SUMMARYTabanids are haematophagous flies feeding on livestock and wildlife. In the absence of information on the relationship of tabanid flies and protozoan parasites in South Africa and Zambia, the current study was aimed at characterizing tabanid flies collected in these two countries as well as detecting protozoan parasites they are harbouring. A total of 527 tabanid flies were collected whereby 70·2% were from South Africa and 29·8% were from Zambia. Morphological analysis revealed a total of five different genera collected from the sampled areas namely:Ancala, Atylotus, Haematopota, PhilolicheandTabanus. DNA extracted from South AfricanTabanus parandTabanus taeniolatested positive for the presence ofTrypanosoma congolense(Savannah) andTrypanosoma theileriwhilst one member fromT. parwas positive forTrypanosoma bruceispecies. DNA extracted from Zambian tabanid flies tested positive for the presence ofBesnoitiaspecies at 1·27% (2/157),Babesia bigemina5·73% (9/157),Theileria parva30·11% (30/157) and 9·82% (14/157) forTrypanosoma evansi. This study is the first to report on relationship ofBabesiaandTheileriaparasites with tabanid flies. Further investigations are required to determine the role of tabanids in transmission of the detected protozoan parasites in livestock and wildlife in South Africa and Zambia.

scholarly journals Are Virtual Particles Less Real?

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Field ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The question of whether virtual quantum particles exist is considered here in light of previous critical analysis and under the assumption that there are particles in the world as described by quantum field theory. The relationship of the classification of particles to quantum-field-theoretic calculations and the diagrammatic aids that are often used in them is clarified. It is pointed out that the distinction between virtual particles and others and, therefore, judgments regarding their reality have been made on basis of these methods rather than on their physical characteristics. As such, it has obscured the question of their existence. It is here argued that the most influential arguments against the existence of virtual particles but not other particles fail because they either are arguments against the existence of particles in general rather than virtual particles per se, or are dependent on the imposition of classical intuitions on quantum systems, or are simply beside the point. Several reasons are then provided for considering virtual particles real, such as their descriptive, explanatory, and predictive value, and a clearer characterization of virtuality—one in terms of intermediate states—that also applies beyond perturbation theory is provided. It is also pointed out that in the role of force mediators, they serve to preclude action-at-a-distance between interacting particles. For these reasons, it is concluded that virtual particles are as real as other quantum particles.

scholarly journals Building Workers’ Education in the Context of the Struggle Against Racial Capitalism: The Role of Labour Support Organisations

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondli Hlatshwayo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Training Project ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
The Relationship

In South Africa, with few exceptions, scholarship on the modern labour movement which emerged after the Durban strikes of 1973 tends to focus on trade unions that constituted the labour movement, strikes, collective bargaining, and workplace changes. While all these topics covered by labour scholars are of great importance, there is less emphasis on the role played by labour support organisations (LSOs) which, in some cases, predate the formation of the major trade unions. Based on an analysis of historical writings, some archival and internet sources, this article critically discusses the contribution of LSOs and their use of workers’ education to build and strengthen trade unions, which became one of the critical forces in the struggles against racial capitalism in the 1980s. In particular, it critically examines the work of the Urban Training Project (UTP) and the South African Committee for Higher Education (SACHED) workers’ education programmes as a contribution to building the labour movement. The relationship between trade unions which had elaborated structures of accountability and LSOs which were staffed by a relatively small layer of activists also led to debates about accountability and mandates.

Indigenizing Shakespeare in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele F. Seeff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Public Property ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship

In 2008, the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) aired four updatings of Shakespeare’s plays in vernacular languages, using local settings and black South African actors. This chapter offers an analysis of three of these cultural appropriations in order to illustrate the two-way traffic between the global and the local. In this exchange, the raw materials of Shakespeare’s texts are reassembled to work out local anxieties about national identity, race, class, and gender in contemporary South Africa. This chapter probes the relationship of the global to the local in a setting dense with particularities of histories, language practice, and gender, class, and race hierarchies. Shakespeare’s role as a globalized public property, performances disseminated through electronic technologies and international film and television codes, facilitates a complex indigenizing process in post-apartheid South Africa as global and local engage in reciprocal artistic transformation.

scholarly journals From fragmentation to fragile unity: Organizational fault-lines in South African business

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoli Nattrass
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Collective Action Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fault Lines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This article explores the nature and history of organized business in South Africa. It describes the major racial, sectoral and other fault-lines which fracture the business community, and indicates that many of these are the legacy of apartheid. It points out that the relationship between business and the state was ambiguous, varied between the economic sectors, and changed radically over time. The latter sections of the article discuss the role of business in South Africa's transition (and the collective action problems which were experienced), and charts the developments which lead up to the creation of the mega federation Business South Africa (BSA). It is argued that BSA represents an important, yet fragile, step towards unity.

In the Pink of Health or the Yellow of Condition? Chinese Workers, Colonial Medicine and the Journey to South Africa, 1904–1907

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-50
Author(s):  
Andrew MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Colonial Medicine ◽  
Indentured Labor ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article develops recent trans-national perspectives by considering Chinese indentured labor to South Africa (1904–1907), with a spatial focus on the port of Durban and the adjacent Indian Ocean. I examine the relationship of Chinese workers with medicine as a particular form of colonial authority. Far from being part of the notoriously unregulated exchanges of “coolie-labor” characterized by high mortality rates, the South African case is unusual in its extensive state and capital regulation in the healthy transport of workers. I consider the mediating role played by colonial doctors on board the vessels in managing the steamships as “floating compounds” closely allied to the imperatives of discipline-discipline. This article thus details quasi-medical efforts at control and management of miners in the shift to industrial capitalism, and assesses where these measures failed or encountered forms of resistance from the Chinese.

scholarly journals Revisiting reviewing: The need for a debate on the role of arts journalism in South Africa

Literator ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The assault on the editor of a publication at a South African arts festival by an artist who disliked a review of his concert again highlighted an age-old rift between artists and critics. However, the response that this incident elicited among readers of this and other publications, showed surprising support for the artist rather than for the journalist. If this is read as an indication of a disillusionment among readers with regard to the standards of arts journalism in South Africa, the relationship between arts journalists and society should be re-examined. Ethical journalism rests upon a relationship between journalist and audience, and a sensitivity for the context in which journalism is practised. This article examines arts journalism within changing societal contexts, with a specific focus on the South African situation, where artistic production still bears witness to cultural and ethnic divisions of the past. Against the background of the changes that have occurred in society on a local and global level, it is argued that a re-evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of arts journalists is needed – especially in the light of the formation of new cultural identities after apartheid. In conclusion, an ongoing and indepth debate about the ethical responsibility of arts journalism is suggested in order to ensure its continued relevance within an increasingly commercialised cultural context on the one hand, and within a changing South African society on the other.

Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry: Characterization of Electrical Interferences

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Green ◽  
G. J. Havrilla ◽  
T. O. Trask
Keyword(s):  
Signal Strength ◽  
Analytical Signal ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The electrical interferences associated with laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) spectrometry are characterized in this study. This was accomplished by comparison of LEI signal behavior in acetylene/air and hydrogen/air flames. A discussion of the relationship of the analytical signal and the total ion concentration in the flame is presented. The results of flame composition experiments are discussed as well as the role of matrix ions in determining signal strength. Experiments with modified sensing electrodes and higher applied voltages illustrate a partial remedy for electrical interferences.

scholarly journals Religion and Social Justice: A Critical Analysis of the South African Council of Churches in Post-Apartheid South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stephanus Klaasen ◽  
Demaine Solomons
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
South African ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Council ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Within the South African context, the South African Council of Churches (SACC) played a constructive role in the formation of a democratic society. The SACC was the united voice of the church, and its relationship with civil society made it a major role-player in the dismantling of apartheid and the establishment of democratic rule. While post-apartheid is a time of hope and achievement, the country is facing serious social injustices more than two decades into democratic rule. This shift from apartheid to democracy has resulted in a different relationship between church and state. The relationship between church and state has moved from antagonism and polarisation during the apartheid era to “critical solidarity,” and finally to “critical engagement.” This paper will analyse and evaluate the role of the ecumenical church for social justice in post-apartheid South Africa. It will investigate the reasons for the presumed turning point in the relationship between the church and the state, the impact that the relationship between the church and state has on the role of the church, as well as the contribution the church can make to social justice issues, with particular reference to those at the margins of society.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

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