scholarly journals Repurposing as a strategy for the discovery of new anti-leishmanials: the-state-of-the-art

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. CHARLTON ◽  
BARTIRA ROSSI-BERGMANN ◽  
PAUL W. DENNY ◽  
PATRICK G. STEEL
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Current State ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
New Treatments

SUMMARYLeishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania for which there is a paucity of effective viable non-toxic drugs. There are 1·3 million new cases each year causing considerable socio-economic hardship, best measured in 2·4 million disability adjusted life years, with greatest impact on the poorest communities, which means that desperately needed new antileishmanial treatments have to be both affordable and accessible. Established medicines with cheaper and faster development times may hold the cure for this neglected tropical disease. This concept of using old drugs for new diseases may not be novel but, with the ambitious target of controlling or eradicating tropical diseases by 2020, this strategy is still an important one. In this review, we will explore the current state-of-the-art of drug repurposing strategies in the search for new treatments for leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals An Asymptomatic Tropical Infection in a Pregnancy Complicated by a Hematological Neoplasm-accidental Passenger or Effect of Immunosuppression?

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Sammya Bhowmick ◽  
Chandan Mishra ◽  
S. Arulselvi ◽  
Tushar Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Hematological Neoplasm ◽  
Vector Borne

Lymphatic filariasis is a vector borne infection classified under the WHO category of Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It is a major public health concern globally. This study describes this vector-borne infection in a young pregnant lady, a known case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on chemotherapy. Such an association is hitherto unreported.

scholarly journals Canine Leishmaniosis: A Silent Burden in Southeast Asia and Elucidating Existing Knowledge Gap

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abdul Rani PA
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Tropics

Canine leishmaniosis is one of the most important canine vector - borne diseases (CVBD) caused by protozoan Leishmania sp . which pose zoonotic threat as some of its species are zoonotic. This parasitic disease is classified as Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) and can be found in parts of the tropics, subtropics and southern Europe. A lot of studies had been carried out across the globe but lack in Southeast Asia, thus its epi zootiology is still poorly understood. This article is meant to create awareness of the existence of this zoonotic disease amongst veterinary personnel, scientific community and readers.

Microbial health-based targets for drinking water: current state and Australian case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Christopher EL Owens ◽  
Paul M Byleveld ◽  
Nicholas J Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Current State ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water

Through the avoidance of a substantial health burden globally, access to safe drinking water is an important foundation of public health1. An emerging development in this regard is the use of public health metrics, such as disability-adjusted life years, to inform water safety planning2. This paper examines the hypothesis that confidence in the protection of public health, on the part of water suppliers, health regulators, and ultimately consumers is strengthened through the implementation of a health outcome target for the microbial safety of drinking water. A case study demonstrating the implementation of the target is presented.

scholarly journals A State-of-the-Art Survey on Artificial Intelligence to Fight COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1961
Author(s):  
Md. Mohaimenul Islam ◽  
Tahmina Nasrin Poly ◽  
Belal Alsinglawi ◽  
Ming Chin Lin ◽  
Min-Huei Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immense Potential

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown immense potential to fight COVID-19 in many ways. This paper focuses primarily on AI’s role in managing COVID-19 using digital images, clinical and laboratory data analysis, and a summary of the most recent articles published last year. We surveyed the use of AI for COVID-19 detection, screening, diagnosis, the progression of severity, mortality, drug repurposing, and other tasks. We started with the technical overview of all models used to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and ended with a brief statement of the current state-of-the-art, limitations, and challenges.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF MALARIA – A CASE STUDY OF NEEMUCH, MADHYA PRADESH

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sadhana Sewak
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Sub Saharan

Malaria is one of the oldest chronic, most dreaded killer diseases. It is a protozoan Plasmodium borne disease which is transmitted in humans by very efficient mosquito Anopheles. Out of four plasmodium genus, vivax is more dominant and falciparum species likely to cause severe lethal malaria.According to WHO, malaria killed 627000 people in 2012, majority of them sub-Saharan African children under the age of 5. This preeminent tropical parasite disease is one of the top 3 killers among communicable diseases. It is the only vector borne disease to be placed on WHO- DALY’s (disability adjusted life years) list, as it affects the mortality and morbidity rate as well as economy of any country.

scholarly journals Differential transcript usage from RNA-seq data: isoform pre-filtering improves performance of count-based methods

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Soneson ◽  
Katarina L Matthes ◽  
Malgorzata Nowicka ◽  
Charity W Law ◽  
Mark D Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Exon Level ◽  
New Treatments

Large-scale sequencing of cDNA (RNA-seq) has been a boon to the quantitative analysis of transcriptomes. A notable application is the detection of changes in transcript usage between experimental conditions. For example, discovery of pathological alternative splicing may allow the development of new treatments or better management of patients. From an analysis perspective, there are several ways to approach RNA-seq data to unravel differential transcript usage, such as annotation-based exon-level counting, differential analysis of the `percent spliced in' measure or quantitative analysis of assembled transcripts. The goal of this research is to compare and contrast current state-of-the-art methods, as well as to suggest improvements to commonly used workflows. We assess the performance of representative workflows using synthetic data and explore the effect of using non-standard counting bin definitions as input to a state-of-the-art inference engine (DEXSeq). Although the canonical counting provided the best results overall, several non-canonical approaches were as good or better in specific aspects and most counting approaches outperformed the evaluated event- and assembly-based methods. We show that an incomplete annotation catalog can have a detrimental effect on the ability to detect differential transcript usage in transcriptomes with few isoforms per gene and that isoform-level pre-filtering can considerably improve false discovery rate (FDR) control. Count-based methods generally perform well in detection of differential transcript usage. Controlling the FDR at the imposed threshold is difficult, mainly in complex organisms, but can be improved by pre-filtering of the annotation catalog.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Umbral Calculus

10.37236/24 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Bucchianico ◽  
D. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Finite Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mathematical Literature

We survey the mathematical literature on umbral calculus (otherwise known as the calculus of finite differences) from its roots in the 19th century (and earlier) as a set of “magic rules” for lowering and raising indices, through its rebirth in the 1970’s as Rota’s school set it on a firm logical foundation using operator methods, to the current state of the art with numerous generalizations and applications. The survey itself is complemented by a fairly complete bibliography (over 500 references) which we expect to update regularly.

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