Addressing the constraints of Tritrichomonas foetus sample collection in remote areas: lyophilized modified Diamond's media as a substitute for liquid medium

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Rush ◽  
Michael William Reynolds ◽  
Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani ◽  
Jan Šlapeta
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Robust Method ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
The Media

AbstractBovine trichomoniasis is a notifiable, reproductive disease of cattle caused by the parasite Tritrichomonas foetus. Culturing with modified Diamond's medium (MDM) is required to increase the low number of organisms received from a preputial sample, but is limited in application to remote areas as it requires continuous cold chain storage. This study utilized lyophilization to sustain the viability of MDM during transport in lieu of a continuous cold chain. All lyophilized MDM was able to sustain T. foetus after storage for 42 days at 24 °C, and the results demonstrated that lyophilized MDM was equally as viable as refrigerated liquid MDM. Storage of lyophilized MDM at room temperature for 1 and 7 days did not impact T. foetus yield, both with and without exposure to light. A limitation of the lyophilized MDM was demonstrated with a significant decrease in T. foetus yield when the media was stored at 37 and 58 °C. The lyophilization of MDM provides a robust method of transporting and storing medium prior to reconstitution and inoculation, for use in T. foetus diagnosis and surveillance in remote areas.

scholarly journals A Study on Requirement of Cold Chain Maintenance for Reliable Testing of SARS-CoV-2 Samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varunika Vijayvergia ◽  
Aruna Vyas ◽  
Nazneen Pathan ◽  
Rajni Sharma ◽  
Snigdha Purohit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature ◽  
The World

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been haunting the world since December 2019 and has grown to pandemic proportions from March 2020. Even after a full year of research and study, the most effective way to control the spread of this infection is early diagnosis and isolation of the cases. Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is considered the standard test all over the world for the diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. All the sample collection guidelines have recommended stringent maintenance of the cold chain for the sample transport. However, it is not possible for the resource constrained developing countries with inadequate infrastructure to comply with these guidelines all the time. Aim: To determine necessity of stringent transport criteria and the effect of temperature on the clinical sensitivity of a RT-PCR assay for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: In this prospective experimental study conducted in November 2020, 49 positive samples were kept at ambient room temperature and were tested everyday with RT- PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). The samples were also kept under refrigeration at 4°C and were also tested by RT-PCR and the results were compared with their respective counterparts kept at room temperature till nine days. Python Jupiter notebook SciPy and Anaconda software was used for statistical analysis. Results: It was observed that the positivity of the RT-PCR results were not deteriorated till five days and there was no significant deterioration even after nine days of samples being stored at room temperature suggesting that even if the viral RNA itself is not stable outside strict temperature control but small fragment or target genetic sequences are enough for detection of virus by RT-PCR. Conclusion: It is possible to keep samples at this ambient temperature for five days without any loss of positivity in RT-PCR.

Comparison of Efficacy of Refrigerated Oxytocin with Oxytocin Kept at Room Temperature for the Prevention of Post-Partum Haemorrhage in Vaginal Deliveries in a Tertiary Care Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandey U
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Past History ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the leading causes of maternal death worldwide and it accounts for nearly one-quarter of all maternal deaths and almost half of all postpartum deaths in low-income countries. Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most common form of major obstetric haemorrhage. Materials and Methods: The study protocol was comprised of Consent, Measurement of Pre-delivery Hemoglobin, Administration of the Intervention, Measurement of postpartum blood loss and Measurement of Post-delivery (24-48 hours) Hemoglobin. Blood loss was measured using a calibrated drape. The drape was placed beneath the parturient buttocks and secured around her abdomen with ties. Blood loss was monitored for a minimum of one hour and was continued in the second hour in case of persistent bleeding. The drape with the collected blood was weighed on a scale. The weight of the drape and the container in which it is placed was deducted from the total recorded weight in order to obtain the weight of the blood collected in the drape. Blood loss weight in grams was converted to milliliters by dividing the figure in grams by 1.06 (blood density in grams per milliliter). Results: The cross tabulations were used to study the demographic, obstetrical and medical factors in women with obstetrical haemorrhage. Table 1 shows the selected sociodemographic characteristics of the study population. The mean age of cases and controls are 26.333.559 and 26.853.873 respectively. On comparison, they are statistically insignificant. (p=0.324). The educational, occupational and socioeconomic status was comparable between cases and controls (p >0.05). Table 2 shows Antenatal, intra-partum and post-partum data in cases and controls. Discussion & Conclusion: It is a study done in North India comparing the Oxytocin kept at room temperature with failure of maintenance of cold chain during transport and storage and the refrigerated Oxytocin. It is the common understanding and general training that Oxytocin must be stored in the refrigerator, failing which its efficacy reduces i.e. it, will not be effective in controlling PPH. During the study we compared the mean blood loss and change in hemoglobin levels in cases and control and despite the fact that major risk factor for PPH for example past history of PPH, past history of D&C, prolonged third stage labour duration, manual removal of placenta were comparable in both cases and controls, still the mean blood loss and change in hemoglobin values was more in cases than controls. This could be attributed to usage of market oxytocin which had failed cold chain maintenance resulted in less effective oxytocin in prevention of PPH, Hence causing more blood loss and drop in hemoglobin values. This shows the need of room temperature stable uterotonic drug in LMIC’s like ours. Recently room temperature stable carbetocin shows the potential as an effective uterotonic drug for the prevention of PPH. However according to various studies carbetocin cannot be used for induction or augmentation of labour so it cannot replace oxytocin fully, rather it acts as a part of collective PPH reduction strategy.

Perancangan Infografik sebagai Media Pendukung Sosialisasi KPU ke Daerah Terpencil

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Edo Pratama Putra
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Vice President ◽  
General Election ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Media

The General Election was held in 2019 with the KPU as the organizer on April 17, 2019. Among the tasks of the KPU was the dissemination of General Elections to remote areas throughout Indonesia. Remote areas are the main concern of the KPU in an effort to increase election participation in 2019, because remote areas are one of the biggest contributors to the Golput number in the 2014 elections. One of the remote areas with very low participation rates is Tegal Rejo Village, Gedang Sari District, Gunung Kidul Regency. This village is located in a hilly area which is one of the disaster prone areas. Tegal Rejo village has not received socialization from the Gunung Kidul Regency KPU and many villagers are still not informed about the 2019 Presidential Election. From the problems that occur, the author finds a solution to the problem by making an "Infographic Design as a Media Supporting the Socialization of KPU to Remote Areas". As for this design contains information on Election 2019, such as the introduction of candidates in the form of profiles of each prospective president and vice president, procedures for voting, time and place of execution until the conditions become a Permanent Voters List (DPT). And the media created will be given to the KPU to be the material for dissemination to remote areas in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Saliva Stability for NMR Metabolomics: Collection and Handling Protocols

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Daniela Duarte ◽  
Beatriz Castro ◽  
Joana Leonor Pereira ◽  
Joana Faria Marques ◽  
Ana Luísa Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
General Stability ◽  
Sample Stability ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Term Storage

Maintaining a salivary metabolic profile upon sample collection and preparation is determinant in metabolomics. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify metabolite changes during short-term storage, at room temperature (RT)/4 °C/−20 °C, and after sample preparation, at RT/4 °C (mimicking typical clinical/laboratory settings). Interestingly, significant metabolic inter-individual and inter-day variability were noted, probably determining sample stability to some extent. After collection, no changes were noted at −20 °C (at least for 4 weeks). RT storage induced decreases in methylated macromolecules (6 h); lactate (8 h); alanine (12 h); galactose, hypoxanthine, pyruvate (24 h); sarcosine, betaine, choline, N-acetyl-glycoproteins (48 h), while acetate increased (48 h). Less, but different, changes were observed at 4 °C, suggesting different oral and microbial status at different temperatures (with a possible contribution from inter-individual and inter-day variability), and identifying galactose, hypoxanthine, and possibly, choline esters, as potential general stability indicators. After preparation, addition of NaN3 did not impact significantly on saliva stabilization, neither at RT nor at 4 °C, although its absence was accompanied by slight increases in fucose (6.5 h) and proline (8 h) at RT, and in xylose (24 h) at 4 °C. The putative metabolic origins of the above variations are discussed, with basis on the salivary microbiome. In summary, after collection, saliva can be stored at RT/4 °C for up to 6 h and at −20 °C for at least 4 weeks. Upon preparation for NMR analysis, samples are highly stable at 25 °C up to 8 h and at 4 °C up to 48 h, with NaN3 addition preventing possible early changes in fucose, proline (6–8 h), and xylose (24 h) levels.

Veterinary care of green iguanas (Iguana iguana) part 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 432-441
Author(s):  
Marie Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Green Iguanas

Part one of this series discussed husbandry. This article (part 2) covers clinical procedures including sample collection, fluid therapy and anaesthesia and common presenting health concerns. These can be subdivided into non-infectious or husbandry associated conditions, and infectious disease. Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, reproductive disease in females and renal disease are common reasons for seeking veterinary care. Presentation, diagnosis and treatment options are discussed for the common conditions.

Benzene-centred tripodal diglycolamides for the sequestration of trivalent actinides: metal ion extraction and luminescence spectroscopic investigations in a room temperature ionic liquid

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (34) ◽  
pp. 11355-11362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seraj Ahmad Ansari ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Andrea Leoncini ◽  
Jurriaan Huskens ◽  
Willem Verboom
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquid ◽  
Metal Ion Extraction ◽  
Ion Extraction ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigations ◽  
Trivalent Actinides ◽  
Ionic Liquid Medium

Three benzene-centred tripodal diglycolamide (Bz-T-DGA) ligands were evaluated for actinide ion extraction/complexation in an ionic liquid medium.

Laser-activated gold catalysts for liquid-phase growth of cadmium selenide nanowires

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2145-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
J. Mao ◽  
X. M. Chen ◽  
J. Yang ◽  
X. W. Du
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Cadmium Selenide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gold Catalysts ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Liquid Phase Growth ◽  
Cdse Nanowires ◽  
Cadmium Selenide Nanowires

A laser-activated-catalyst (LAC) technique was developed to grow CdSe nanowires in liquid medium at room temperature. The LAC technique can achieve accurate positioning of nanowires, which is beneficial for device fabrication.

scholarly journals Novel genotype ofTritrichomonas foetusfrom cattle in Southern Africa

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 1954-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA CASTERIANO ◽  
UMBERTO MOLINI ◽  
KORNELIA KANDJUMBWA ◽  
SIEGFRIED KHAISEB ◽  
CAROLINE F. FREY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Genotype

SUMMARYBovine trichomonosis caused byTritrichomonas foetusis a significant reproductive disease of cattle. Preputial samples were collected using sheath washing technique in bulls in Namibia. Thirty-six trichomonad cultures were characterized using the TaqMan-probe commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic assay (VetMAX™-Gold Trich Detection Kit) and CYBR real-time PCR assay based on TFR3/4 primers. Diagnostic real-time PCRs and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed region confirmed presence ofT. foetusin 35 out of 36 samples. Multilocus genotyping using cysteine proteases (CP1, CP2, CP4, CP5, CP6, CP7, CP8, CP9) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH1) gene sequences demonstrate that theT. foetusin Namibia are genetically distinct from those characterized elsewhere. We report the discovery of a novel genotype ofT. foetusin Namibian cattle, distinct from otherT. foetusgenotypes in Europe, South and North America and Australia. We suggest recognition of a ‘Southern African’ genotype ofT. foetus. Identification of the new genotype ofT. foetusdemonstrates the need for wider global sampling to fully understand the diversity and origin ofT. foetuscausing disease in cattle or cats.

Glycosylated hemoglobin measured by affinity chromatography: micro-sample collection and room-temperature storage.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Little ◽  
J D England ◽  
H M Wiedmeyer ◽  
D E Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Room Temperature Storage ◽  
Temperature Storage

Abstract Under proper conditions, whole blood can be stored at room temperature for as long as 21 days before measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin by affinity chromatography. Whole blood (anticoagulated with EDTA or heparin) was placed in capillary tubes, which were then sealed at both ends and stored at room temperature. Just before assay, whole blood was rinsed from the tubes and diluted 10-fold with water. Samples of each patient's blood were assayed as whole-blood hemolysates by affinity chromatography after zero, seven, 14, and 21 days of storage. Values for glycosylated hemoglobin did not change over 21 days of storage and values for each storage day correlated well (r = 0.97, p less than .0001) with hemoglobin A1C measured in fresh erythrocyte hemolysates by "high-performance" liquid ion-exchange chromatography.

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