High prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and voles (Arvicola terrestris) in the city of Zürich, Switzerland

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HOFER ◽  
S. GLOOR ◽  
U. MÜLLER ◽  
A. MATHIS ◽  
D. HEGGLIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Arvicola Terrestris ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

Over a period of 26 months from January 1996 to February 1998, 388 foxes from the city of Zürich, Switzerland, were examined for intestinal infections with Echinococcus multilocularis and other helminths. The prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes sampled during winter increased significantly from 47% in the urban to 67% in the adjacent recreational area, whereas prevalence rates of other helminths were similar in both areas. Seasonal differences in the prevalence of E. multilocularis were only found in urban subadult male foxes which were significantly less frequently infected in summer than in winter. The distribution of the Echinococcus biomass, as expressed by worm numbers per fox was overdispersed in 133 infected foxes randomly sampled in winter. Ten of these foxes (8%) were infected with more than 10000 specimens and carried 72% of the total biomass of E. multilocularis (398653 worms). Prevalences did not differ significantly in these foxes in regard to age and sex but worm burdens were significantly higher in subadult foxes as compared with adult foxes. In voles (Arvicola terrestris) trapped in a city park of Zürich, E. multilocularis metacestodes were identified by morphological examination and by PCR. The prevalence was 20% among 60 rodents in 1997 and 9% among 75 rodents in 1998. Protoscoleces occurred in 2 of the cases from 1997. The possible risk for human infection is discussed with respect to the established urban E. multilocularis cycle.

scholarly journals Occurence of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in southern Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Borecka ◽  
J. Gawor ◽  
M. Malczewska ◽  
A. Malczewski
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

AbstractThe prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in 214 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the southern part of Poland (Małopolskie voivodship) was evaluated post mortem in 2005. Infected foxes were found in 8 districts within 17 examined, with the prevalence from 10.0 % to 63.9 % (a mean 20.1 % in the whole study area). The highest prevalence (41.2 % and 63.9 %) was revealed in two districts, in the south and the east of the province, respectively. The high prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes in the region previously recognised as that of low parasite endemicity provides evidence for the need of regular screening of the current epidemiological situation in foxes as well as the monitoring of humans from risk groups for early recognition of possible AE cases.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in red fox populations with high and low prevalence of this parasite in Poland (2007–2014)

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Maciej Kochanowski ◽  
Joanna Dąbrowska ◽  
Jacek Sroka ◽  
Mirosław Różycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Stable Degree

Abstract The aim of the study was to estimate the current prevalence of E. multilocularis in selected populations of red foxes in Poland and to evaluate the changes in prevalence of this parasite by comparison with the results obtained in the same area during earlier surveillance. The investigations were performed in the area of four Polish provinces: 2 eastern/south-eastern (Lubelskie and Podkarpackie) and 2 south-western (Śląskie and Opolskie). Five hundred red foxes coming from the investigated areas were examined between 2013 and 2014 to estimate the current situation in selected provinces. Moreover, 550 red foxes from the same areas examined between 2007 and 2013 were used for comparison of differences in E. multilocularis prevalences in time. Intestines were examined with the use of the sedimentation and counting technique. Among 500 foxes examined in the current study, 118 were positive for E. multilocularis. There were differences in prevalence between individual provinces: Podkarpackie Province - 54.6%, Lubelskie Province - 18.9%, Śląskie Province - 11.7%, and Opolskie Province - 3.9%. Statistical analysis demonstrated that in most cases there were no differences in prevalence between the current results and the results from previous studies. Only in Opolskie Province was a statistically significant increase observed between 2010 and 2014. A stable degree of infection in the region with high prevalence of this parasite was demonstrated. However, a significant increase in the region with very low prevalence of E. multilocularis points out the necessity to monitor this infection during the coming years to control the progress of the disease

scholarly journals A new model for COVID-19 control and its implementation in the city of Honghu, China: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
He-ran Wang ◽  
Meng-chun Gong ◽  
Jing-Yuan Sun ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Novel coronavirus pneumonia has been the most serious worldwide public health emergency since being identified in December 2019. The rapid spread of the pandemic and the strong human to human infection rate of COVID-19 poses a great prevention challenge. There has been an explosion in the number of confirmed cases in several cities near Wuhan, including the highest in Honghu, Jinzhou. Owing to the limited admission capacity and medical resources, increasing numbers of suspected cases of COVID-19 infection were difficult to confirm or treat. Case presentation Following the arrival of the Guangdong medical aid team on 11 February, 2020, COVID-19 care in Honghu saw changes after a series of solutions were implemented based on the ‘Four-Early’ and ‘Four-centralization’ management measures. The ‘Four-Early’ measures are: early detection, early reporting, early quarantine, and early treatment for meeting an urgent need like the COVID-19 pandemic. ‘Four-centralization’ refers to the way in which recruited medical teams can make full use of medical resources to give patients the best treatment. These solutions successfully increased the recovery rate and reduced mortality among patients with COVID-19 in Honghu. Conclusions This management strategy is called the ‘Honghu Model’ which can be generalized to enable the prevention and management of COVID-19 worldwide.

Acceleration of the growth of populations and of the multiplication of tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) by some cytostatic agents

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Novak ◽  
George Lubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Cytostatic Agents ◽  
Average Size

Experiments with tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti implanted intraperitoneally into LDF1, SEC, and SWR mice showed that a single injection of cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/kg 1 day after infection, increased the total biomass of tetrathyridial populations in mice dissected 50 days later by 50 to 200%. Similar, though less pronounced, increases in the total biomass of populations were produced by dactinomycin, 0.35 mg/kg once a week, for 4 to 6 weeks. The average size of individual tetrathyridia decreased despite a considerable increase in the total biomass of their populations.The parasiticides lucanthone, which inhibits the growth of Echinococcus multilocularis cysts, and quinacrine, which is inactive in this respect, accelerate the growth of the biomass of tetrathyridial populations much less than the cytostatic agents cyclophosphamide and dactinomycin.

Potential remedy against Echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes using baits with anthelmintic distributed around fox breeding dens in Hokkaido, Japan

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. TSUKADA ◽  
K. HAMAZAKI ◽  
S. GANZORIG ◽  
T. IWAKI ◽  
K. KONNO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Clethrionomys Rufocanus ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Potential Remedy ◽  
Patent Infection

The effect of bait-delivered anthelmintic to reduce the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes was evaluated in Koshimizu, in the eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan. The study area (200 km2) was divided into baited and non-baited sections. The anthelmintic baits were distributed around fox den sites in the baited section every month for 13 months. After 1 year of the anthelmintic bait distribution, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes, evaluated either by the parasite egg examination (from 27.1 to 5.6%) or coproantigen ELISA (from 59.6 to 29.7%), decreased in the baited section contrasting to that in the non-baited section (parasite egg: from 18.8 to 24.2%; ELISA: from 41.9 to 45.8%). The prevalence of E. multilocularis in grey red-backed vole Clethrionomys rufocanus, caught around fox dens, born after bait distribution also decreased and was significantly lower than that in non-baited section. However, within the study periods, the coproantigen-positive rate in fox faeces sporadically increased, while egg-positive rate constantly decreased. Since coproantigen ELISA can detect pre-patent infection, this observation indicates that reinfection pressure in the baited section was still high even after the 13 months of anthelmintic bait distribution. Therefore, the bait distribution longer than our study period is required for the efficient control of E. multilocularis in wild red fox population.

High prevalence of intestinal infections and ectoparasites in dogs, Minas Gerais State (southeast Brazil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1913-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Heukelbach ◽  
Raphael Frank ◽  
Liana Ariza ◽  
Íris de Sousa Lopes ◽  
Alcides de Assis e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Minas Gerais State

Scanning electron microscope studies of miracidia suggest introgressive hybridization between Schistosoma haematobium and S. haematobium x S. mattheei in the Eastern Transvaal

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kruger ◽  
V. L. Hamilton-Attwell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTSchistosoma haematobium miracidia were collected from a locality with a high prevalence of human infection with the animal parasite, S. mattheei, which hybridizes with S. haematobium, and from 2 localities with negligible infection rates. The terebratoria of the miracidia from these localities were compared with each other, with laboratory maintained S. haematobium and with four populations of S. mattheei by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the terebratorial membrane of certain of the S. haematobium miracidia from the locality with a high S. mattheei prevalence in humans, resembled the more intricate membrane of S. mattheei. This suggests introgressive hybridization between S. haematobium and S. haematobium x S. mattheei.

CITY PARK AS A NATURAL-ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PARK OF THE 50th ANNIVERSARY OF VLKSM IN THE CITY OF YEKATERINBURG)

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
L. I. ATKINA ◽  
◽  
L. V. BULATOVA ◽  
L. P. ABRAMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

Based on a comprehensive assessment of the state of the park landscape, the level of its anthropogenic transformation is determined, which is necessary to identify the potential for restoring the natural biodiversity of the object. It is reported that the plantations and soil cover of the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM are very heterogeneous; they reflect the history of park establishment. The soil cover consists of three main types: sod, bog and urbanozem. It should be stressed that the best preserved part of the park is the plot with boggy soils around the pond. Herbaceous plants growing on the plot are very similar to the species composition of the ground cover of overgrown peat bogs. Over the 40 years since the foundation of the park, a high level of pollutants has been accumulated in the soil, which allows us to state that the negative impact occurs constantly. Consequently, the existing plantings are insufficient to protect visitors from vehicle emissions from the roads along Yasnaya and Shaumyana streets. There are enough natural elements in the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM; this should be taken into account in its redevelopment. There is an opportunity to restore the reservoir and return the plantings to their natural appearance. It is proposed to add elements of landscape decoration in the park.

A study on the design condition of water facilities in the city park

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (0) ◽  
pp. 913-913
Author(s):  
Masahito Shimizu ◽  
Naoji Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
The City ◽  
City Park
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