Induction And Probability

Philosophy ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 26 (96) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. F. Harrod
Keyword(s):  
Basic Problem ◽  
Problem Of Induction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Set Up

It is the purpose of the following pages to reconsider the basic problem of induction. According to Hume the concomitance of A with B on one or more occasions gives no valid presumption that A will be accompanied by B on any other occasion. The data of experience may give rise to an association of ideas or set up mental habits, but they provide no reasonable grounds for expecting similar concomitances or sequences in future. If this is correct, we have no starting point for the formation of any valid opinions about matters of fact; we remain ice-bound in a region of total scepticism.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
A.M. Kulish ◽  
V.V. Turpitko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Further Development

Sport has always served to establish peace, to help different peoples of the world to study each other’s culture, to create conditions for the humane resolution of conflicts, to be an opportunity to express their talents. Therefore, he never fell out of sight of society. In this work, the authors present the formation and development of sports in Ukraine and abroad. The main features of the primitive community were identified. It is determined that the invention of the chariot for the physical culture of the states: Babylon, Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient India, China, Persia became the starting point for the further development of sports in this region. It has been found that ancient Greece made a significant contribution to the development of sports. After all, it was the basis of the main principles of modern professional sport. Attention is drawn to the Olympic Games that took place in Ancient Greece: their appearance, conditions, prohibition, and revival Pierre de Coubertin. Further new competitions (Paralympic Games, Olympic Games, etc.) were added to them. It is revealed that international organizations and institutions have been set up to control such competitions. The authors found that religion had a great influence on the formation of physical culture during the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance. Trends in the development of modern sport and the factors that influence it was found out. As a result, it was concluded that sports are currently in the process of transformation. Therefore, the authors indicate what has the greatest influence on the formation and continued existence of sports. The main stages of the formation of physical culture in Ukraine were analyzed. It is also established that Ukraine has built a domestic sport in accordance with world experience in this field. Keywords: sports, physical culture, Olympics, doping, consolidating function.

scholarly journals Rembug Pelayanan Publik (RPM) Sebagai Aktualisasi Pelayanan Publik Berlandaskan Demokrasi Pancasila

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Nuriyanto Nuriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Set Up

Dynamic development of society, they want the public bureaucracy to be able  to provide the public services more professional, effective, simple, transparent, open, timely, responsive and adaptive. With excellent public service, to build a human quality in the sense  of  increasing  the  capacity  of  individuals  and  communities  to determine actively its own future. Actualization of democratic precepts in the public services delivery in Indonesia starting point on the importance of community participation ranging from formulating criteria for the services, how the delivery   of the services, arranging each engagement, public complaints mechanism set up   by the monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the public services in order to co-together build a commitment to create quality of the public services. It’s all been contained in the Law 25 of 2009 on Public Services, certainly it has been based on the precepts of the democracy of Pancasila. Rembug of the public services as an actualization of the public services based on the democracy of Pancasila.

I bambini e l'aerosol. Studio per valutare la compliance della terapia aerosolica associata all'uso di un computer didattico in bambini in etŕ scolastica

2009 ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Roberto Cerabolini ◽  
Gabrielle Boissard ◽  
Tiziana Buonfiglio ◽  
Maria Pia Savorelli
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Aerosol Therapy ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Children Behavior ◽  
Experimental Environment ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Set Up

- A study has been carried out in order to evaluate the possibility of overcoming children aversion to aerosol therapy as well as facilitating their parents' task. Starting point of this study was the investigation, which was performed through focus groups, clinical interviews and a playful approach, on how children and parents perceive the aerosol therapy. After having identified critical issues and spontaneous proposals to ameliorate aerosol administration, the Authors evaluated the results obtained by the association of the traditional aerosol therapy with a device equipped with educational games. An experimental environment was set up in a school together with a procedure aiming at evaluating the children behavior towards aerosol therapy administered with and without the device equipped with educational games. The results of this monocentric, randomized, cross-over study demonstrated a statistically significant increase of the compliance index when aerosol therapy was administered with the device equipped with educational games, increasing interest, satisfaction and pleasure during the aerosol administration, which was accepted for a longer time.

Ethics and E-Marketing

2015 ◽  
pp. 1873-1885
Author(s):  
Jim Codling
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Use Of Internet

The use of electronics has made old standards obsolete or at least “Passé.” Therefore, the question of ethics in the use of electronics has not been addressed very well. Common practices are forgotten as well as privacy and separation of work and down time. What this chapter entertains is to set up standards by which the entrepreneur can make best use of e-marketing, use of Internet, e-mails, and other electronic processes that can be used for commerce, while being sensitive to the standards that exist in differing societies and cultures. A starting point must be in distinguishing the needs and cultural standards between developed and developing countries. Another consideration must be the cultural norms of people who live in different places to include religions and moral/ethical standards.

The 60-Minute MVP

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
Doan Winkel ◽  
Justin Wilcox ◽  
Atul Teckchandani
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Critical Aspects

The 60-minute minimum viable product (MVP) exercise teaches critical aspects of the entrepreneurial mind-set and lean start-up methodology, namely, the iterative process of hypothesis testing through the creation of MVPs. In 60 minutes, with no prior technical expertise, students will work in teams to design a landing page, create a teaser video, and set up a way to gather information from prospective customers. The resulting low-fidelity MVP can subsequently be shared with prospective customers to gauge interest and be used as a starting point for the hypothesis testing process used in the lean start-up methodology. This is an immersive exercise that activates students, builds confidence, and teaches important entrepreneurial principles.

Übergang zur modernen sorbischen Poesie

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Scholze-Šołta
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Set Up

SummaryThe Sorbian poet Jurij Chěžka (1917–1944), who suffered an early death, composed a body of poetry of “secondary” meanings between 1936 and 1938 as a student in Bohemia, which comprised about 50 poems. In these poems he combined themes such as his mother, his homeland, his people and death with national aspects of the Slav minority in Lusatia. Faced with the threat from the Nazi regime he created a new literary reality, whilst establishing links with concepts from the Czech symbolist movement. With his modernist revolt he at the same time set up a movement towards equal standing for the second autonomous line of evolution of Sorbian literature. His innovative aesthetic heritage became an important starting point for the distinctive development of Sorbian lyric poetry in the second half of the 20th Century.

The Art of Teaching: A Technique for Solving Simple “Set Up” Equations in One Unknown

1946 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
May L. Wilt
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Teaching Techniques ◽  
Simple Set ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ability Groups ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Art Of Teaching ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year

No longer can teachers of mathematics be satisfied with the type of teaching that produces uncertain results. The first year of algebra is a good starting point for developing teaching techniques. Most children, who have had one year of algebra, can solve simple “set up” equations in one unknown if they are directed “what to do next.” They should be able to know “what to do next.” Very bright children find out for themselves, but the average and slower ability groups must be helped to develop a technique that will produce certainty and accuracy in results.

scholarly journals GENERAL OVERVIEW TO DRUM KIT IN TURKISH POPULAR MUSIC DURING THE PERIOD 1970-1980

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Music History ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Popular Music History ◽  
Set Up

The invention of Drum has been known to trace thousands of years.However, the drum kit came to exist in the early 20th century. Considering its historical development and our country's popular music history, development of this instrument in Turkey is the starting point of this research. In this study, the cults and playing attitudes that influenced the drummers, the location of drum kit in the studio environment, the set up prefrrences in the band with equipments used will be commented by analysing the data obtained via interviews. Within this framework, questions in 4 main topic have been asked to Osman İşmen and Turhan Yükseler, two of the significant arrangers of the period; Okay Temiz, one of the significant drummers of the period; Cahit Berkay, one of the founders of the band Moğollar; İsmail Soyberk, the bass-guitarist; the drummer Mert Türkmen as the representative of Cezmi Başeğmez. In accoedance with the data obtained, it has been concluded that jazz and rock drummers influenced our country, Anadolu Pop attitude was seen in the playing attitudes and set ups of that period drummers, Studio Hayri and sound technician Sıtkı Acim (tonmeister) rose to prominence in terms of studios where drum records were made, Ludwig drums were used together with Turkish brands in equipments. Keywords: Drum kit, drums, popular music, turkey, drummers, drum playing

The First Basic Problem: A Review of Molt and Plumage Homologies

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve N. G. Howell ◽  
Chris Corben ◽  
Peter Pyle ◽  
Danny I. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
P System ◽  
Basic Strategy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
El Sistema

AbstractAll birds have fundamentally similar patterns of plumage succession. Thus Humphrey and Parkes (1959) proposed a system of nomenclature (the H-P system), based on homologies, that has become standard for molt studies in North America. However, presumably analogous similarities in pattern between first basic and definitive basic plumages have obscured homologies. Many plumages conventionally known as “first basic” are better considered as novel first-cycle plumages that lack homologous counterparts in subsequent cycles. Consequently, current nomenclature does not consistently reflect between-species homologies. Howell and Corben (2000b) proposed that traditional juvenal plumage can be considered an unambiguous starting point for a terminology that better reflects presumed homologies in basic plumages; alternate and other nonbasic plumages may not necessarily be homologous between species. Four underlying strategies of increasing complexity incorporate all known patterns of plumage succession: the Simple Basic Strategy, the Complex Basic Strategy, the Simple Alternate Strategy, and the Complex Alternate Strategy. We review inconsistency in the H-P system; explain the four underlying strategies; and discuss how one can identify homologies (if any) between plumages in first and subsequent cycles and among taxa. Many species have novel plumages added into their first plumage cycle; we argue that existing terminology for these plumages is unsuitable and we term them formative plumages attained by preformative molts. Finally, we provide examples of how this modified H-P system can be applied to diverse taxa of birds while reflecting the homology underlying all basic plumage cycles. Our revision validates the flexibility and utility of the H-P system.El Problema del Primer Plumaje Básico: Una Revisión de las Homologías de la Muda y del PlumajeResumen. Todas las aves tienen patrones de sucesión del plumaje fundamentalmente similares. De este modo, Humphrey y Parkes (1959) propusieron un sistema de nomenclatura (el sistema H-P), basado en homologías, el cual ha sido de uso común en estudios de muda de plumaje en Norte América. Sin embargo, supuestas similitudes análogas entre el primer plumaje básico y el plumaje definitivo básico han confundido las homologías. Muchos plumajes convencionalmente conocidos como “primer básico” son considerados mejor como plumajes originales del primer ciclo que carecen de contrapartes homólogas en los ciclos siguientes. Consecuentemente, la nomenclatura actual no refleja las homologías entre especies. Howell y Corben (2000b) propusieron que el tradicional plumaje juvenil puede ser considerado como un punto de partida inequívoco para una terminología que refleje mejor las homologías presuntas en los plumajes básicos; los plumajes alternos y otros plumajes no básicos pudieran no ser homólogos entre especies. Cuatro estrategias de creciente complejidad incorporan todos los patrones conocidos de sucesión de plumajes: La Estrategia Básica Simple, La Estrategia Básica Compleja, La Estrategia Alterna Simple, y La Estrategia Alterna Compleja. Examinamos ciertas inconsistencias en el sistema H-P; explicamos las cuatro estrategias subyacentes, y discutimos cómo se pueden identificar homologías (cuando existen) entre los plumajes del primer ciclo y de los ciclos siguientes, y entre taxa diferentes. Muchas especies tienen plumajes originales adicionales en su primer ciclo de plumaje; sostenemos que la terminología actual para estos plumajes es inadecuada y los denominamos como plumajes formativos, logrados por mudas preformativas. Finalmente, damos ejemplos de como este sistema H-P modificado puede ser aplicado a diversos tipos de aves y al mismo tiempo reflejar la homología subyacente a todos los ciclos de plumajes básicos. Nuestra revisión valida la flexibilidad y utilidad del sistema H-P.

The development of biological methods for utilisation and treatment of diluted manure streams

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kalyuzhnyi ◽  
V. Sklyar ◽  
V. Fedorovich ◽  
A. Kovalev ◽  
A. Nozhevnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sustainable Utilisation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Biological Methods

One possible solution for sustainable utilisation and treatment of diluted manure streams is preliminary separation of the solid and liquid fractions followed by separate biological treatment of both fractions. This approach was the starting point of a joint Russian-Dutch project: “The Development of Biotechnological Methods for Utilisation and Treatment of Diluted Manure Streams” (1996-1998). This paper describes the most important results of the project. The UASB process was found to be suitable for the pre-treatment of the liquid fraction of various types of manure using a lab-scale experimental set-up. The maximum organic loading rate (OLR) applied was approximately 12 g COD/1/day for hen or pig manure and 6 g COD/1/day for cattle manure using a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 1 day. The total COD reduction under these conditions was about 75% for the hen or pig manure and 42% for the cattle manure. The effluents obtained in this step can be used as liquid fertilisers (if possible) or should be post-treated to meet standards for discharge or reuse. Intensive composting can efficiently treat the solid manure fraction. Experiments at a pilot scale level with the solid fraction of hen manure showed that various amendments (peat, straw, sawdust) could be used for the production of composts having an elevated NPK content, reduced levels of Clostridia and faecal coliforms, vital weed seeds and the absence of Salmonella and helminth eggs.

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