Dog sledging in the eighteenth century: North America and Siberia

Polar Record ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (190) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Mai Handford
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe different designs of sledges and dog harnesses, the methods of hitching used by the various peoples of the Arctic regions in the eighteenth century, and the influences they had on each other, are investigated. The development of dog sledging reflects not only the migrations of herding tribes of the steppe into southern Siberia — which progressively pushed some peoples farther and farther northeast — but the relationship between peoples whose culture was nomadic or more settled, whose way of life depended on reindeer herding or not, or who had earlier or later contact with the Russians or other Europeans. The Europeans in North America, it is argued, learned dog sledging from the Eskimos and taught it to the Indians. The Russians appear to have discovered dog sledging in Siberia, where their influence ultimately overcame many of the techniques of the native peoples. The Eskimos are found to have had the most-developed harnessing methods during the eighteenth century, and to have been the prevailing influence where they met with other sledging peoples.

The Empire was Unique

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-174
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scott
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Settler Population ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores English and Dutch relationships with native peoples in Atlantic North America. In practice, these relationships were violent ones, though there were important differences. The chapter shows that only English settlement became the basis for a long-term, large-scale trans-Atlantic transfer of people and culture. This necessitated expropriation not only of resources but territory, a process executed where necessary with savagery, assisted by the impact upon native peoples of introduced diseases, especially smallpox. This made possible the later explosive eighteenth-century settler population growth which would be a key stimulant of the Industrial Revolution. To this extent the Anglo-Dutch-American archipelago was mapped in blood.

NOTES ON THE OCCURENCE OF AEDES (OCHLEROTATUS) NEARCTICUS DYAR IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK, ALBERTA. (CULICIDAE DIPT.)

1927 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hearle
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
Interesting Species

One of the more interesting details of a recent investigation of the mosquitoes of the Rocky Mountains Park, Alberta, was the finding of Aedes nearcticus Dyar—a mosquito hitherto considered to be restricted to the Arctic regions of Europe and North America. A few specimens were first taken at Lake Louise in 1921, when Mr. Arthur Gibson, the Dominion Entomologist, and the writer made a brief survey of mosquito conditions. In 1922 further specimens came to hand through the kindness of Mr. N. B. Sanson who sent the writer living larvae collected at Simpson's Summit at about 7000 feet. Adults were successfully reared from these. During 1924 and 1925 a number of trips were made by the writer and his assistant, Mr. A. G. Mail, to secure data on this interesting species, and several hundred specimens of larvae, and both sexes of adults were taken.

Rights Over the Arctic

1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lakhtine
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The One

The transarctic flights of 1926 and 1928 demonstrate the possibility of establishing communication by air across the Arctic regions between Europe, on the one side, and North America and the Far East on the other. Quite aside from the saving of time owing to shorter distance, the establishment of such communication presents considerably less diiSculty than air communication over the Atlantic: a conclusion derived from the transatlantic flights of the last three years. The experience of the airship Italia in May, 1928, does not at all nullify this conclusion. It serves merely to show that the organization of transarctic communication requires special prearrangements, such aa wireless stations, meteorological stations, landing-places, air-bases, the construction of which on the shores, islands, and even on the ice of the Arctic Ocean, appears to be quite feasible. The necessity for such stations has aroused in the governments of the North countries an increased interest in the Arctic regions which heretofore has been restricted to scientific circles.

scholarly journals Who speaks for extinct nations? The Beothuk and narrative voice

Literator ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Leggo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Narrative Voice ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Authentic Voice ◽  
Voice And Silence ◽  
The Relationship

The Beothuk of Newfoundland were among the first inhabitants of North America to encounter European explorers and settlers. By the first part of the nineteenth century the Beothuk were extinct, exterminated by the fishers and soldiers and settlers of western Europe. The last Beothuk was a woman named Shanadithit. She was captured and lived with white settlers for a few years before she died in 1829. Today all that remains of the Beothuk nation, which once numbered seven hundred to one thousand people, are some bones, arrowheads, tools, written records of explorers and settlers, and copies of drawings by Shanadithit in the Newfoundland Museum. In recent years several writers (all are white and male) have written fiction and poetry and drama about the Beothuk, including Peter Such (Riverrun, 1973), Paul O'Neill (Legends of a Lost Tribe, 1976), Sid Stephen (Beothuk Poems, 1976), Al Pittman ("Shanadithit," 1978), Geoffrey Ursell (The Running of the Deer; A Play, 1981), Donald Gale (Sooshewan: A Child of the Beothuk, 1988), and Kevin Major (Blood Red Ochre, 1990). A recurring theme in all these narratives is the theme of regret and guilt. These narrative accounts of the Beothuk raise significant questions about voice and narrative, including: Who can speak for Native peoples? Who can speak for extinct peoples? Are there peoples without voices? How is voice historically determined? What is the relationship between voice and power? How are the effects of voice generated? What is an authentic voice? How is voice related to the illusion of presence? What is the relation between voice and silence? In examining contemporary narrative accounts of the Beothuk my goal is to reveal the rhetorical ways in which the Beothuk are given voice(s) and to interrogate the ethical and pedagogical implications of contemporary authors revisiting and revisioning and re-voicing a nation of people long extinct.

scholarly journals Evidence for two genetic groups within the arctoalpine sedges Carex bicolor All. and C. atrofusca Schkuhr (Cyperaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00114
Author(s):  
Irina Shekhovtsova
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Morphological Differences

C. bicolor and C. atrofusca are sedge species characteristic for arctoalpine habitats. They have almost circumpolar distributions; they are found in Europe, Northern Asia, and North America, as well as in Middle Asia (C. atrofusca). We hypothesized that certain genetic and morphological differences between populations may be expected across this large area. We tested a set of geographically remote populations of C. bicolor and C. atrofusca. We sequenced a fragment of the plastid matk gene for 15 specimens of C. bicolor and 10 specimens for C. atrofusca from the Asian Russia, and also extracted sequences of this species from GenBank. We found that for both C. bicolor and C. atrofusca, plants from the Arctic and boreal zones of North America and Eurasia had identical matk sequences, while there was certain nucleotide diversity in the mountain ranges of the southern Siberia. Therefore, based on the obtained data we may hypothesize that the mountains of the East Siberia are the center of diversity for some arctoalpine sedge species, and might have served as the ancestral area of the populations colonizing the Arctic.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Blood Thyroid Hormone and Dopamine Levels in Residents of the Arctic Regions of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Tipisova ◽  
Irina Gorenko ◽  
Victoria Popkova ◽  
Alexandra Elfimova ◽  
Dmitry Potutkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Bryology in arctic and boreal North America and Greenland

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

Bryological research in boreal and arctic North America is in very preliminary stages. Although the flora is moderately well documented, details are lacking in much of the region. Greenland, Alaska, and Ellesmere Island are better understood than the rest of the area. Much of the information has been accumulated as casual collections and observations and incidental to other research. Bryophyte cover in arctic regions is less than that of vascular plants; in boreal regions wetlands are often dominated by bryophytes and open forests have extensive moss carpets. Turfs dominate the growth forms in the arctic while in boreal regions whorled-branched turfs, wefts, and compact mats become the predominant growth forms. Bryophytes are important in plant community structure and dynamics of both boreal and arctic regions, but detailed studies are few. Cytology of arctic and boreal bryophytes in North America rests on a single paper, thus any generalizations are hazardous. Physiology of bryophytes in northern North America has been inadequately documented. The sexuality, reproductive cycles, growth rates, and metabolic activities of bryophytes are areas that could yield intriguing results. Reproduction in bryophytes in northern regions appears not to be greatly different from that of more southern regions. In spite of the shorter growing season and the terrain and climate favoring wind dispersal, this had not led to an increase in the incidence of asexual reproduction in spite of the fact that more than 60% of the bryophytes are dioicous. Bryogeographic patterns are similar to those of the vascular flora but the presence of western North American taxa in the easternmost arctic and their absence in intervening areas is highly suggestive of eastern refugia. Glacial refugia are supported by the bryophyte distributions; their presence in unglaciated Alaska–Yukon, Ellesmere Island, and parts of Greenland seems best documented. Thirty-six maps are given showing bryophyte distribution patterns in the region under discussion.

scholarly journals Financial solvency of the regions of the Russian Arctic.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Dyadik ◽  
◽  
A. N. Chapargina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Paired Correlation

The monograph is devoted to assessing the financial solvency of the regions of the Russian Arctic by means of correlation analysis aimed at studying the forms of communication between indicators that allow us to identify general and specific features of the financial development of regions. The work selected and analyzed statistical indicators that characterize directly or indirectly the financial solvency of the regions, calculated the correlations of these indicators, taking into account their dynamics over the past fifteen years. A matrix of correlation pairs was created, the most significant of them for assessing the financial solvency of the region were identified. Comparative analysis of paired correlation coefficients for the Arctic regions made it possible to assess the relationship between certain areas of their regional development. A comprehensive analysis of the financial solvency of the Arctic territories is presented, and based on the results obtained, trajectories of regional financial development are developed, considering background conditions. The results of the monograph are intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of regional finance and may be of interest to everyone who is interested in the problems of financial development, as well as to regional and federal authorities for forecasting and strategic planning of the development of the Arctic regions in conditions of limited financial resources.

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