Plant enhancement of indigenous soil micro-organisms: a low-cost treatment of contaminated soils

Polar Record ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (192) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Reynolds ◽  
D. C. Wolf ◽  
T. J. Gentry ◽  
L. B. Perry ◽  
C. S. Pidgeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Microbial Numbers

AbstractThe United States has more than 1000 individual areas of petroleum-contaminated soil at formerly used defense (FUD) sites located in cold regions. This paper investigates biotreatment systems based on exploiting naturally occurring phenomena in the rhizosphere — the soil adjacent to and influenced by plant roots. Rhizosphere-based remediation systems would be inexpensive to implement and maintain and would be applicable to remote or permafrost sites. Herein, this paper provides the rationale for using rhizosphere-based biotreatment systems and some initial results. In both laboratory and field studies, successful plant germination, plant growth, and root intrusion into and through contaminated soil are demonstrated.Using a Captina silt loam in a 10-week laboratory study, the effects of vegetation and contamination on microbial numbers were compared. The vegetation treatments included an unvegetated control and a vegetated treatment seeded with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). The contamination treatments included an uncontaminated control and a treatment with 2000 mg pyrene kg-1 soil added. Microbial numbers at 10 weeks were not significantly influenced by the contaminant level of 2000 mg pyrene kg-1 soil compared to the control. However, microbial numbers were greater in the rhizosphere of the bahiagrass-vegetated soil compared to the unvegetated soil.In a 34-week field study, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations of a diesel-contaminated soil decreased significantly more in the rhizosphere+nutrient treatment compared to the control that was not vegetated or fertilized. Bacterial numbers in the field study were 287 times greater in the rhizosphere+nutrient treated soils than in the control treatments. Measurable TPH compounds in the plant tissue were insignificant. The data demonstrated that rhizosphereenhanced treatment of organic-contaminated soils can be effective in reducing soil petroleum concentrations and may be a cost-effective strategy particularly suited for treating cold-region sites where remediation options are limited by cost, remoteness of the site, and/or brevity of the treatment season.

scholarly journals Remediation of cadmium by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) from cadmium contaminated soil: a phytoextraction study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Bhadkariya ◽  
VK Jain ◽  
GPS Chak ◽  
SK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Living Organisms

Cadmium is a toxic metal for living organisms and an environmental contaminant. Soils in many parts of the world are slightly too moderately contaminated by Cd due to long term use and disposal of Cd-contaminated wastes. Cost effective technologies are needed to remove cadmium from the contaminated sites. Soil phytoextraction is engineering based, low cost and socially accepted developing technology that uses plants to clean up contaminants in soils. This technology can be adopted as a remediation of cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils with the help of Brassica juncea plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) accumulate and the tolerance of Brassica juncea. The Cd accumulates in all parts of plants (roots, stems and leaves). It was found that accumulating efficiency increased with the increase in the concentration of applied cadmium metal solution. Maximum accumulation of cadmium was found in roots than stem and leaves. Phytoextraction coefficient and translocation factor were highest to show the validity of the Brassica juncea species for hyperaccumulation of the Cd metal. These results suggested that Brassica juncea has a high ability to tolerate and accumulate Cd, so it might be a promising plant to be used for phytoextraction of Cd contaminated soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10533 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 229-237

Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for HCV infection in serum or plasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Chevaliez ◽  
Françoise Roudot-Thoraval ◽  
Christophe Hézode ◽  
Jean-Michel Pawlotsky ◽  
Richard Njouom
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Treatment

Aim: HCV diagnosis will become the bottleneck in eliminating hepatitis C. Simple, accurate and cost-effective testing strategies are urgently needed to improve hepatitis C screening and diagnosis. Materials & methods: Performance of seven rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) have been assessed in a large series (n = 498) of serum or plasma specimens collected in France and in Cameroon. Results: Specificity varied from 96.1 to 100%. The clinical sensitivity, compared with immunoassays as the reference, was high for all seven RDT (97.2–100%). The Multisure HCV antibody assay and OraQuick HCV rapid antibody test reached sensitivity ≥99%. Conclusion: A number of RDT may be suitable for WHO prequalification and may be implemented in the framework of large-scale low-cost treatment programs to achieve the WHO viral hepatitis objectives by 2030.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Portability and Cost of a Fluorescent PCR Ribotyping Protocol for Clostridium difficile Epidemiology

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1192-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. V. Martinson ◽  
Susan Broadaway ◽  
Egan Lohman ◽  
Christina Johnson ◽  
M. Jahangir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluorescent Pcr ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Data Portability

Clostridium difficileis the most commonly identified pathogen among health care-associated infections in the United States. There is a need for accurate and low-cost typing tools that produce comparable data across studies (i.e., portable data) to help characterize isolates during epidemiologic investigations ofC. difficileoutbreaks and sporadic cases of disease. The most popularC. difficile-typing technique is PCR ribotyping, and we previously developed methods using fluorescent PCR primers and amplicon sizing on a Sanger-style sequencer to generate fluorescent PCR ribotyping data. This technique has been used to characterize tens of thousands ofC. difficileisolates from cases of disease. Here, we present validation of a protocol for the cost-effective generation of fluorescent PCR ribotyping data. A key component of this protocol is the ability to accurately identify PCR ribotypes against an online database (http://walklab.rcg.montana.edu) at no cost. We present results from a blinded multicenter study to address data portability across four different laboratories and three different sequencing centers. Our standardized protocol and centralized database for typing ofC. difficilepathogens will increase comparability between studies so that important epidemiologic linkages between cases of disease and patterns of emergence can be rapidly identified.

scholarly journals Bio Remedial Potential for the Treatment of Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Hasnain Raza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
The World

As anthropogenic activities rise over the world, representing an environmental threat, soil contamination and treatment of polluted areas have become a worldwide concern. Bioremediation is a sustainable technique that could be a cost-effective mitigating solution for heavy metal-polluted soil regeneration. Due to the difficulties in determining the optimum bioremediation methodology for each type of pollutant and the lack of literature on soil bioremediation, we reviewed the main in-situ type, their current properties, applications, and techniques, plants, and microbe’s efficiency for treatment of contaminated soil. In this review, we describe the deeper knowledge of the in-situ types of bioremediation and their different pollutant accumulation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Overview of Approaches to Improve Rhizoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
Fahad Alotaibi ◽  
Mohamed Hijri ◽  
Marc St-Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Microbiome

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) has become a global concern and has resulted from the intensification of industrial activities. This has created a serious environmental issue; therefore, there is a need to find solutions, including application of efficient remediation technologies or improvement of current techniques. Rhizoremediation is a green technology that has received global attention as a cost-effective and possibly efficient remediation technique for PHC-polluted soil. Rhizoremediation refers to the use of plants and their associated microbiota to clean up contaminated soils, where plant roots stimulate soil microbes to mineralize organic contaminants to H2O and CO2. However, this multipartite interaction is complicated because many biotic and abiotic factors can influence microbial processes in the soil, making the efficiency of rhizoremediation unpredictable. This review reports the current knowledge of rhizoremediation approaches that can accelerate the remediation of PHC-contaminated soil. Recent approaches discussed in this review include (1) selecting plants with desired characteristics suitable for rhizoremediation; (2) exploiting and manipulating the plant microbiome by using inoculants containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or hydrocarbon-degrading microbes, or a combination of both types of organisms; (3) enhancing the understanding of how the host–plant assembles a beneficial microbiome, and how it functions, under pollutant stress. A better understanding of plant–microbiome interactions could lead to successful use of rhizoremediation for PHC-contaminated soil in the future.

scholarly journals Cadmium Uptake and Growth Responses of Potted Vegetables to the Cd-Contaminated Soil Inoculated with Cd-Tolerant Purpureocillium lilacinum N1

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Yan Deng ◽  
Haonan Huang ◽  
Shaodong Fu ◽  
Luhua Jiang ◽  
Yili Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

Bioremediation of Cd- (cadmium) contaminated soil using Cd-tolerant fungus is considered an eco-friendly and cost-effective technique. In this study, we isolated one fungal strain that was hyper-tolerant to Cd from a highly polluted river and conducted pot experiments to evaluate its effects on bioremediation. We found that the fungal strain belonging to the genus, Purpureocillium lilacinum, tolerated 12,000 mg/L Cd. SEM manifested that Cd can be bioaccumulated on the crumpled mycelial surface, generating plenty of metal precipitation particles. In addition, pot experiments showed that the inoculation of P. lilacinum N1 could reduce the total Cd content in soil (2.09% in low contaminated soil and 12.56% in high contaminated soil) and greatly promote plant growth (2.16~3.13 times). Although the Cd concentration of plants was increased by 112.8% in low contaminated soil and decreased by 9.5% in highly contaminated soil with the inoculation of P. lilacinum N1, the total uptake of Cd by plants was greatly improved—1.84~3.6 times higher than that in CK groups. All our results suggest that P. lilacinum N1 is a valuable candidate for the bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soils because of its dual effects on the total Cd content in soil and Cd uptake in plants.

scholarly journals The impact of Cinnamomum camphora on the dissipation of PAHs in diesel contaminated soils from China .

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirita Giri ◽  
Monika Sieghardt ◽  
Zhu Fan ◽  
Thomas Korimort ◽  
Axel Mentler
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution ◽  
The Impact

The ongoing urbanization has led to worldwide increase of diesel consumption resulting in several environmental problems like air, water and soil pollution. Diesel comprises polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which, via various vectors like insufficient combustion, accidents, etc., are subsequently deposited in the soil because of their hydrophobicity and low water solubility. Uncontaminated agricultural or urban soils are of great importance as they have a direct impact on food security and human health. Sixteen of the PAHs have been listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as ‘priority pollutants’ because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. The removal of PAHs from the environment through phytoremediation is a growing concern and scientific interest. The main objective of this study was to investigate the phytoremediation capacity of the evergreen tree species Cinnamomum camphora for the dissipation and degradation of several PAHs of different chemical structure. A pot experiment was established with artificially diesel contaminated soil from Changsa, China. The experimental design included three different diesel contents with and without tree-plantation. An extraction method and an HPLC separation method with different detectors was developed and applied for the analysis of soil samples. The analytical results revealed that Cinnamomum camphora enhances removal of selected PAHs from the contaminated soil with reduction of 91.1% to 98.8% as well as dissipation of persistent PAHs with 4 total and aromatic rings. However a confirmative study is suggested to understand whether the dissipation effect is due to rhizosphere bacteria or combined effect of several factors.

scholarly journals In situ phytoremediation of copper and cadmium in a co-contaminated soil and its biological and physical effects

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 993-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xu ◽  
Xiangyu Xing ◽  
Jiani Liang ◽  
Jianbiao Peng ◽  
Jing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Physical Effects

Phytoremediation is a potential cost-effective technology for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Performance Evaluation of an Innovative High-Friction Surface Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-493
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu W. Chen ◽  
Michele A. Lanotte ◽  
M. Emin Kutay ◽  
Larry Galehouse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Friction Surface ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

High-friction surface treatment (HFST) is effective for improving pavement surface characteristics and enhancing drivers’ safety on the road. However, common HFST applications are not cost-effective and provide only limited preservation benefits to the existing pavement structure. In this study, the performance of a new HFST, consisting of corundum sand and waterborne epoxy, has been evaluated through laboratory testing. A battery of laboratory tests was performed to compare this new HFST against three common HFST applications used in the United States. Three aspects of the performance were investigated: (i) improvement of skid resistance, (ii) durability to environmental effects (moisture damage and freeze–thaw cycles), and (iii) the effect on an existing crack through semi-circular bending tests. The results showed that the application of the low-cost HFST provides an improvement of skid resistance as good as or better than the traditional HFST applications. Furthermore, since the aggregates used in this technique are much finer than the traditional HFST applications, the treatment looks more like a slurry, and it has the potential to fill the existing cracks with a width of 1.5 ± 0.1 mm and retard further propagation of the cracks. Results revealed that this new HFST technology (developed by a Chinese manufacturer) has the potential to lower the cost compared with materials and practices currently used in the United States.

scholarly journals Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemula Anand Reddy ◽  
Chandresh H. Solanki ◽  
Shailendra Kumar ◽  
Krishna R. Reddy ◽  
Yan-Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Calcined Clay

Due to increased carbon emissions, the use of low-carbon and low-cost cementitious materials that are sustainable and effective are gaining considerable attention recently for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of contaminated soils. The current study presents the laboratory investigation of low-carbon/cost cementitious material known as limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3) for the potential S/S of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils. The S/S performance of the LC3 binder on Zn- and Pb-contaminated soil was determined via pH, compressive strength, toxicity leaching, chemical speciation, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses. The results indicate that immobilization efficiency of Zn and Pb was solely dependent on the pH of the soil. In fact, with the increase in the pH values after 14 days, the compressive strength was increased to 2.5–3 times compared to untreated soil. The S/S efficiency was approximately 88% and 99%, with increase in the residual phases up to 67% and 58% for Zn and Pb, respectively, after 28 days of curing. The increase in the immobilization efficiency and strength was supported by the XRPD analysis in forming insoluble metals hydroxides such as zincwoodwardite, shannonite, portlandite, haturite, anorthite, ettringite (Aft), and calcite. Therefore, LC3 was shown to offer green and sustainable remediation of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils, while the treated soil can also be used as safe and environmentally friendly construction material.

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