scholarly journals Situational versus pervasive hyperactivity in a community sample

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Ho ◽  
E. S. L. Luk ◽  
P. W. L. Leung ◽  
E. Taylor ◽  
F. Lieh-Mak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Home And School ◽  
Delayed Language Development

SynopsisGroups of home and school situational hyperactive primary schoolboys identified from the community were compared with pervasive hyperactive and non-hyperactive controls on a wide range of measures. The hyperactive groups tended to persist in the same category over a half-year period. Both situational hyperactive groups had lower measured activity levels than the pervasive hyperactive group and only the latter differed from non-hyperactive controls. Home hyperactivity was characterized by poor family relationships and was not distinguishable from non-hyperactive home-antisocial controls. School hyperactive boys had specific correlates of low intelligence, motor clumsiness, poor reading and academic abilities. Pervasive hyperactive subjects differed from both situational groups in showing a higher percentage of delayed language development. While home hyperactivity has dubious identity, the distinct pattern of external correlates in school and pervasive hyperactivity speak for the need to regard these as separate entities.

scholarly journals Self-affirmation alters the brain’s response to health messages and subsequent behavior change

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1977-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily B. Falk ◽  
Matthew Brook O’Donnell ◽  
Christopher N. Cascio ◽  
Francis Tinney ◽  
Yoona Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
The Self ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measured Activity

Health communications can be an effective way to increase positive health behaviors and decrease negative health behaviors; however, those at highest risk are often most defensive and least open to such messages. For example, increasing physical activity among sedentary individuals affects a wide range of important mental and physical health outcomes, but has proven a challenging task. Affirming core values (i.e., self-affirmation) before message exposure is a psychological technique that can increase the effectiveness of a wide range of interventions in health and other domains; however, the neural mechanisms of affirmation’s effects have not been studied. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural processes associated with affirmation effects during exposure to potentially threatening health messages. We focused on an a priori defined region of interest (ROI) in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), a brain region selected for its association with self-related processing and positive valuation. Consistent with our hypotheses, those in the self-affirmation condition produced more activity in VMPFC during exposure to health messages and went on to increase their objectively measured activity levels more. These findings suggest that affirmation of core values may exert its effects by allowing at-risk individuals to see the self-relevance and value in otherwise-threatening messages.

scholarly journals Fracture risk across a wide range of physical activity levels, from sedentary individuals to elite athletes

Bone ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 116128
Author(s):  
Karl Stattin ◽  
Jonas Höijer ◽  
Ulf Hållmarker ◽  
John A. Baron ◽  
Susanna C. Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals Teaching Critical Vocabulary to Filipino Heritage Language Learners

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Jayson Parba
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
World Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
L1 And L2

Engaging in critical dialogues in language classrooms that draw on critical pedagogical perspectives can be challenging for learners because of gaps in communicative resources in their L1 and L2. Since critically oriented classrooms involve discussing social issues, students are expected to deploy “literate talk” to engage in critiquing society and a wide range of texts. Although recent studies have explored teachers’ and students’ engagement with critical materials and critical dialogues, research that explores language development in critical language teaching remains a concern for language teachers. In this paper, I share my experience of fostering language development, specifically the overt teaching of critical vocabulary to students of (Tagalog-based) Filipino language at a university in Hawai’i. Through a discussion of racist stereotypes targeting Filipinos and the impacts of these discourses on students’ lived experiences, the notion of “critical vocabulary” emerges as an important tool for students to articulate the presence of and to dismantle oppressive structures of power, including everyday discourses supporting the status quo. This paper defines critical vocabulary and advances its theoretical and practical contribution to critical language teaching. It also includes students’ perspectives of their language development and ends with pedagogical implications for heritage/world language teachers around the world.

The course of depression in the elderly: a longitudinal community-based study in Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. HENDERSON ◽  
A. E. KORTEN ◽  
P. A. JACOMB ◽  
A. J. MACKINNON ◽  
A. F. JORM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sample Attrition ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Depressive States

Background. We report the outcome of depressive states after 3-4 years in a community sample of the elderly.Methods. A sample of 1045 persons aged 70+ years in 1990–1 was re-interviewed after 3·6 years.Results. Mortality (21·7%) and refusal or non-availability (10·4%) were higher in those who initially had had a diagnosis or symptoms of depression. Of those with an ICD-10 depressive episode in 1990–1, 13% retained that diagnosis. Of those who were not depressed initially only 2·5% had become cases. Depression was unrelated to age or apolipoprotein E genotype. The best predictors of the number of depressive symptoms at follow-up was the number at Wave 1, followed by deterioration in health and in activities of daily living, high neuroticism, poor current health, poor social support, low current activity levels and high service use. Depressive symptoms at Wave 1 did not predict subsequent cognitive decline or dementia.Conclusions. Non-random sample attrition is unavoidable. ICD-10 criteria yield more cases than other systems, while continuous measures of symptoms confer analytical advantages. Risk factors for depressive states in the elderly have been further identified. The prognosis for these states is favourable. At the community level, depressive symptoms do not seem to predict cognitive decline, as they do in referred series.

Interactive effects of salinity on metabolic rate, activity, growth and osmoregulation in the euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos)

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (24) ◽  
pp. 3355-3366
Author(s):  
C Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Salinity Adaptation ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Wide Range

The euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos) is an excellent subject for studies of the physiological and behavioral processes involved in salinity adaptation. In this study, energy partitioning for metabolism, activity and growth, maximal activity performance and blood osmotic concentrations were assessed at two activity levels in juvenile milkfish fed equal rations and maintained at a relatively constant temperature (262 C) and at salinities(15, 35 and 55 ?) that represented a wide range of osmoregulatory challenges. Changes in the measured parameters were not consistently related to the magnitude of the trans-integumentary osmotic gradients. Routine oxygen consumption rates were high in 35 ? salinity (mean 1 s.e.m. 1678 mg O2 kg-1 h-1) and comparably low in 15 and 55 ? salinity (1336 and 1273 mg O2 kg-1 h-1, respectively). Routine activity levels (relative swimming velocity) were highest in 35 ? salinity (0. 960.04 L s-1), where L is standard length, intermediate in 15 ? salinity (0.770.03 L s-1) and lowest in 55 ? salinity (0.670.03 L s-1). Growth was significantly higher in 55 ? salinity (3.40.2 % increase in wet body mass per day) than in 35 ?salinity (2.40.2 % increase per day) and intermediate in 15 ? salinity(2.90.5 % increase per day). Maximum swimming velocities decreased with increases in salinity, from 9.90.7 L s-1 in 15 ? salinity to 6.60. 5 L s-1 in 55 ? salinity. Sustained swimming activity above routine levels for 2 h resulted in an increase in blood osmotic concentrations in milkfish in 55 ?salinity, but osmoregulation was re-established during the second 2 h of activity. Thus, patterns of variation in metabolic rate and growth were largely parallel to variations in routine activity although, comparing 15 and 55 ? salinity, elevated maintenance costs for osmoregulation at the high salinity were detectable. Reduced osmoregulatory abilities and reductions in maximal swimming performance suggest that high salinity may constrain activity. The results demonstrate that investigations of salinity adaptation in euryhaline fishes should take into account the interactive effects of salinity on physiology and behavior.

Domestic and international best practice in research and testing glass for load-bearing structures of buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
I. I. Vedyakov ◽  
D. V. Konin ◽  
A. A. Egorova ◽  
I. V. Rtishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Testing Standards

The present work provides an overview and analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory, and methodical Russian and foreign literature regarding using glass as a material for load-bearing structures of buildings. In the absence of design standards, an experimental study of usually one or two samples is necessary each time glass structure is used; however, this is insufficient to determine the distinct pattern of material performance. Since jointing the glass structures has been rarely studied, the number of tests is minimal, thus preventing establishing the unambiguous material operation and its calculated physical and mechanical characteristics. The article considers and evaluates the test results of glass structures obtained by various methods. The particular values of ultimate stresses and deformation modulus lie in a wide range. The technology, manufacturing process, and starting materials have a significant influence on the characteristics of glass, including multilayer glass. This article stresses the need for developing regulatory technical and methodical documents, the design and testing standards for glass structures and their jointing. It is necessary to classify load-bearing glass structures by various criteria.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Subphonemic Sensitivity and Phonological Skills

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Yin Chen Li ◽  
David Braze ◽  
Anuenue Kukona ◽  
Clinton L. Johns ◽  
Whitney Tabor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Reading Difficulty ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Phonological Skills ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phonological Categories ◽  
Phonemic Category ◽  
Phonological Abilities

Many studies have established a link between phonological abilities (indexed by phonological awareness and phonological memory tasks) and typical and atypical reading development. Individuals who perform poorly on phonological assessments have been mostly assumed to have underspecified (or “fuzzy”) phonological re- presentations, with typical phonemic categories, but with greater category overlap due to imprecise encoding. An alternative posits that poor readers have overspecified phonological representations, with speech sounds perceived allophonically (phonetically distinct variants of a single phonemic category). On both accounts, mismatch between phonological categories and orthography leads to reading difficulty. Here, we consider the implications of these accounts for online speech processing. We used eye tracking and an individual differences approach to assess sensitivity to subphonemic detail in a community sample of young adults with a wide range of reading-related skills. Subphonemic sensitivity inversely correlated with meta-phonological task performance, consistent with overspecification.

Family Profiles

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-248
Author(s):  
Catherine Casson ◽  
Mark Casson ◽  
John S. Lee ◽  
Katie Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Family Connections

Family dynasties were important players in the property market of medieval Cambridge, the Hundred Rolls reveal. Using a wide range of archival sources this chapter examines the inter family relationships and cross family connections of 23 families identified from the rolls, including the Bartons, Blancgernuns and Dunnings. Strategies by which families accumulated and extended their property portfolios are examined. Causes of family decline and family success are considered.

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