Domestic and international best practice in research and testing glass for load-bearing structures of buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
I. I. Vedyakov ◽  
D. V. Konin ◽  
A. A. Egorova ◽  
I. V. Rtishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Testing Standards

The present work provides an overview and analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory, and methodical Russian and foreign literature regarding using glass as a material for load-bearing structures of buildings. In the absence of design standards, an experimental study of usually one or two samples is necessary each time glass structure is used; however, this is insufficient to determine the distinct pattern of material performance. Since jointing the glass structures has been rarely studied, the number of tests is minimal, thus preventing establishing the unambiguous material operation and its calculated physical and mechanical characteristics. The article considers and evaluates the test results of glass structures obtained by various methods. The particular values of ultimate stresses and deformation modulus lie in a wide range. The technology, manufacturing process, and starting materials have a significant influence on the characteristics of glass, including multilayer glass. This article stresses the need for developing regulatory technical and methodical documents, the design and testing standards for glass structures and their jointing. It is necessary to classify load-bearing glass structures by various criteria.

scholarly journals Basic Concepts of Engineering Risk Management for Fastenings and Risk Register Based on Industry Survey

CivilEng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Rene Kudszus ◽  
Robert Klemencic ◽  
Panagiotis Spyridis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industry Survey

Fastenings are becoming increasingly important in modern building practice. A wide range of products cover for the great flexibility that they provide in a large variety of applications. In order to ensure the safe and economical use of the fastenings, a combined effort of manufacturing firms, practicing engineers and constructors, research organizations, and public authorities has led to the establishment of interrelated design standards, application guidance, and product approvals. It is however evident that failures, in fact even small defects, of fastenings can lead to disproportionate catastrophic events. In addition to these state-of-the-art documents, which reflect the most precise knowledge possible, a management of possible residual risks and hence causes of failure is also indispensable. Due to the great range of fastening systems with different dimensioning and assembly guidelines, load-bearing behaviour and areas of application, and the overall complexity of the subject, a coherent risk management procedure against structural risks can be very helpful in this respect. This article deals with the technical and load-bearing related risks of fastening technology in construction. The objective of the paper is to introduce fundamental concepts and significant risks met in the fastenings design specification and installation. Moreover, it provides a rating of the identified risks and it transfers recommendations for risk mitigation, based on semi-structured interviews with expert professionals who are active in the field. The results are accumulated in a dedicated risk register as a standard tool of the risk management process in civil engineering, which is the first of its kind in current scientific literature. The aim is to assist future practice and research by providing a basis for risk management considerations for fastenings, which moreover reflects actual risks indicated in the outcome of an industry survey.

scholarly journals Constructing a biomimetic robust bi-layered hydrophilic lubrication coating on surface of silicone elastomer

Friction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Gao ◽  
Xiaoduo Zhao ◽  
Shuanhong Ma ◽  
Zhengfeng Ma ◽  
Meirong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
High Load ◽  
Silicone Elastomer ◽  
Aqueous Lubrication ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSilicone elastomers-based materials have been extensively involved in the field of biomedical devices, while their use is extremely restricted due to the poor surface lubricity and inherent hydrophobicity. This paper describes a novel strategy for generating a robust layered soft matter lubrication coating on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone elastomer, by entangling thick polyzwitterionic polyelectrolyte brush of poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) into the sub-surface of the initiator-embedded stiff hydrogel coating layer of P(AAm-co-AA-co-HEMA-Br)/Fe, to achieve a unified low friction and high load-bearing properties. Meanwhile, the stiff hydrogel layer with controllable thickness is covalently anchored on the surface of PDMS by adding iron powder to provide catalytic sites through surface catalytically initiated radical polymerization (SCIRP) method and provides high load-bearing capacity, while the topmost brush/hydrogel composite layer is highly effective for aqueous lubrication. Their synergy effects are capable of attaining low friction coefficient (COFs) under wide range of loaded condition in water environment with steel ball as sliding pair. Furthermore, the influence of mechanical modulus of the stiff hydrogel layer on the lubrication performance of layered coating is investigated, for which the COF is the lowest only when the modulus of the stiff hydrogel layer well matches the PDMS substrate. Surprisingly, the COF of the modified PDMS could remain low friction (COF < 0.05) stably after encountering 50,000 sliding cycles under 10 N load. Finally, the surface wear characterizations prove the robustness of the layered lubricating coating. This work provides a new route for engineering lubricious silicon elastomer with low friction, high load-bearing capacity, and considerable durability.

The Role of Individual and Dyadic Planning in Couples’ Daily Goal Pursuits

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722199763
Author(s):  
Ophir Katzenelenbogen ◽  
Nina Knoll ◽  
Gertraud Stadler ◽  
Eran Bar-Kalifa
Keyword(s):  
Daily Basis ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Goal Progress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Individual Planning ◽  
Goal Pursuits ◽  
Complementary Strategy

Planning promotes progress toward goal achievement in a wide range of domains. To date, planning has mostly been studied as an individual process. In couples, however, the partner is likely to play an important role in planning. This study tested the effects of individual and dyadic planning on goal progress and goal-related actions. Two samples of couples ( N = 76 and N = 87) completed daily diaries over a period of 28 and 21 days. The results indicate that individual and dyadic planning fluctuate on a daily basis and support the idea that dyadic planning is predominantly used as a complementary strategy to individual planning. As expected, individual and dyadic planning were positively associated with higher levels of action control and goal progress. In Sample 2, dyadic planning was only associated with goal progress on days in which individuals felt that they were dependent upon their partners’ behaviors to achieve their goals.

Article Commentary: Defining New Directions for More Effective Management of Surgical Pain in the United States: Highlights of the Inaugural Surgical Pain Congress™

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish P. Joshi ◽  
David E. Beck ◽  
Roger Hill Emerson ◽  
Thomas M. Halaszynski ◽  
Jonathan S. Jahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Inaugural Meeting ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Wide Range

Despite advances in pharmacologic options for the management of surgical pain, there appears to have been little or no overall improvement over the last two decades in the level of pain experienced by patients. The importance of adequate and effective surgical pain management, however, is clear, because inadequate pain control 1) has a wide range of undesirable physiologic and immunologic effects; 2) is associated with poor surgical outcomes; 3) has increased probability of readmission; and 4) adversely affects the overall cost of care as well as patient satisfaction. There is a clear unmet need for a national surgical pain management consensus task force to raise awareness and develop best practice guidelines for improving surgical pain management, patient safety, patient satisfaction, rapid postsurgical recovery, and health economic outcomes. To comprehensively address this need, the multidisciplinary Surgical Pain Congress™ has been established. The inaugural meeting of this Congress (March 8 to 10, 2013, Celebration, Florida) evaluated the current surgical pain management paradigm and identified key components of best practices.

New Approach for Versatile Self Piercing Riveting: Joining System and Auxiliary Part

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Fabian Kappe ◽  
Mathias Bobbert ◽  
Gerson Meschut
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Load ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Joining ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Riveting Process

The increasing use of multi-material constructions lead to a continuous increase in the use of mechanical joining techniques due to the wide range of joining possibilities as well as the high load-bearing capacities of the joints. Nevertheless, the currently rigid tool systems are not able to react to changing boundary conditions, like changing the material-geometry-combination. Therefore research work is crucial with regard to versatile joining systems. In this paper, a new approach for a versatile self-piercing riveting process considering the joining system as well as the auxiliary joining part is presented.

Stakeholder dialogue: strategic tool or wasted words?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Guibert ◽  
Julia Roloff
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Stakeholder Dialogue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Csr Strategies ◽  
Stakeholder Support ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Csr Strategy

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify which stakeholder dialogue approach has the best outcomes. Moreover, it is investigated how stakeholder dialogue practices are linked to the quality of stakeholder management and the maturity of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy. Design/methodology/approach Twelve CSR managers of 11 French enterprises are interviewed. Findings Four different types of stakeholder dialogue are identified and their characteristics, as well as the opportunities and risks connected to each approach, are discussed. Research limitations/implications Only a limited number of enterprises operating in France are studied. More research is needed to ensure the generalisability to other countries and to identify the prevalence of each dialogue type. Practical implications Proactive companies manage their stakeholders in a mutually beneficial way and receive more stakeholder support on strategic issues. They discuss issues material to stakeholders, include a wide range of stakeholders and organise frequent meetings. This approach, the Hanoï Dialogue, has the best outcomes and is, therefore, best practice. Social implications Stakeholder dialogue is key for the development of CSR strategies which truly benefit society. Originality/value Although stakeholder dialogues become empirically more relevant, most researchers conduct single-case studies of good practices and do not systematically compare a range of practices.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of rockwool insulation hygrothermal properties related to material structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Djurovic-Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples

The hygrothermal properties related to rockwool insulation material structure with different additives are presented using rockwool insulation products obtained from row material of southern Serbia (Vranje region) in the wide range of reference temperatures (10?C to 70?C). The hygrothermal properties of basic sample (without additives) are compared to two samples with different additives for two sets of rockwool insulation samples namely: light-soft-panels (LSP) with density of 50 kg/m3, and middle-weight-panels (MWP) with density of 80 kg/m3. It is shown that there is significant (approximately 10%) improvement of thermal conductivity for additives based on zeolite. Also, correlation of thermal conductivity and sorption properties of selected samples are presented.

scholarly journals Entropy-Based Shear Stress Distribution in Open Channel for all types of Flow using Experimental Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Seong Jeon ◽  
Ji Min Kim ◽  
Yeon Moon Choo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Shear Stress Distribution ◽  
Entropy Theory ◽  
Tractive Force ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Korea’s river design standards set general design standards for river and river-related projects in Korea, which systematize the technologies and methods involved in river-related projects. This includes measurement methods for parts necessary for river design, but do not include information on shear stress. Shear Stress is to one of the factors necessary for river design and operation. Shear stress is one of the most important hydraulic factors used in the fields of water especially for artificial channel design. Shear stress is calculated from the frictional force caused by viscosity and fluctuating fluid velocity. Current methods are based on past calculations, but factors such as boundary shear stress or energy gradient are difficult to actually measure or estimate. The point velocity throughout the entire cross section is needed to calculate the velocity gradient. In other words, the current Korea’s river design standards use tractive force, critical tractive force instead of shear stress because it is more difficult to calculate the shear stress in the current method. However, it is difficult to calculate the exact value due to the limitations of the formula to obtain the river factor called the tractive force. In addition, tractive force has limitations that use empirically identified base value for use in practice. This paper focuses on the modeling of shear stress distribution in open channel turbulent flow using entropy theory. In addition, this study suggests shear stress distribution formula, which can be easily used in practice after calculating the river-specific factor T. and that the part of the tractive force and critical tractive force in the Korea’s river design standards should be modified by the shear stress obtained by the proposed shear stress distribution method. The present study therefore focuses on the modeling of shear stress distribution in open channel turbulent flow using entropy theory. The shear stress distribution model is tested using a wide range of forty-two experimental runs collected from the literature. Then, an error analysis is performed to further evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. The results revealed a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95–0.99, indicating that the proposed method can estimate shear stress distribution accurately. Based on this, the results of the distribution of shear stress after calculating the river-specific factors show a correlation coefficient of about 0.86 to 0.98, which suggests that the equation can be applied in practice.

scholarly journals Deformation of rockfill in bodies of rockfill dams

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sainov
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Linear Deformation ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The main factor determining the stress-strain state (SSS) of rockfill dam with reinforced concrete faces is deformability of the dam body material, mostly rockfill. However, the deformation properties of rockfill have not been sufficiently studied yet for the time being due to technical complexity of the matter, Materials and methods. To determine the deformation parameters of rockfill, scientific and technical information on the results of rockfill laboratory tests in stabilometers were collected and analyzed, as well as field data on deformations in the existing rockfill dams. After that, the values of rockfill linear deformation modulus obtained in the laboratory and in the field were compared. The laboratory test results were processed and analyzed to determine the parameters of the non-linear rockfill deformation model. Results. Analyses of the field observation data demonstrates that the deformation of the rockfill in the existing dams varies in a wide range: its linear deformation modulus may vary from 30 to 500 МPа. It was found out that the results of the most rockfill tests conducted in the laboratory, as a rule, approximately correspond to the lower limit of the rockfill deformation modulus variation range in the bodies of the existing dams. This can be explained by the discrepancy in density and particle sizes of model and natural soils. Only recently, results of rockfill experimental tests were obtained which were comparable with the results of the field measurements. They demonstrate that depending on the stress state the rockfill linear deformation modulus may reach 700 МPа. The processing of the results of those experiments made it possible to determine the parameters on the non-linear model describing the deformation of rockfill in the dam body. Conclusions. The obtained data allows for enhancement of the validity of rockfill dams SSS analyses, as well as for studying of the impact of the non-linear character of the rockfill deformation on the SSS of reinforced concrete faces of rockfill dams.

scholarly journals General practitioners’ perceptions of best practice care at the end of life: a qualitative study

BJGP Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen19X101660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Herrmann ◽  
Mariko Carey ◽  
Alison Zucca ◽  
Lucy Boyd ◽  
Bernadette Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Practice Care

BackgroundGPs can play a central role in palliative care delivery. However, little is known about their views on what constitutes best practice care at the end of life.AimTo explore, in a sample of Australian GPs, their perceptions of best practice palliative care and their ideal role in its delivery.Design & settingA qualitative interview study of 25 GPs practising in metropolitan and non-metropolitan locations in New South Wales, Australia.MethodSemi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 51 years, and had practised between 3 and 38 years (mean 19 years). Best practice palliative care was perceived to be proactive and responsive to a wide range of patient and family needs. Many participants indicated a need for relational continuity, which involves GPs establishing a care pathway from diagnosis to palliation, coordinating care across the pathway, and collaborating with other healthcare providers. A number of participants perceived palliative care as a natural extension of primary care and indicated that best practice palliative care mainly requires experiential knowledge and good communication skills, rather than specialised medical knowledge. Participants listed a number of communication strategies to offer patients and their families choice and ongoing negotiation about the recommended treatments.ConclusionThis study provides novel in-depth insights into GPs’ perceptions of best practice palliative care. Future research should further investigate the identified features of care, and whether they can maximise the outcomes of patients and their families.

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