Do illness characteristics and familial risk differ between women with anorexia nervosa grouped on the basis of personality pathology?

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANNA HOLLIDAY ◽  
SABINE LANDAU ◽  
DAVID COLLIER ◽  
JANET TREASURE
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
High Inhibition

Background. In view of the potential utility of personality-based groupings in eating disorders (EDs), and the lack of studies using this approach in large samples of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), this study set out to examine (i) the nature of personality-based clusters of women with lifetime AN and (ii) if these clusters are associated with either clinical symptoms or aetiological variables.Method. The self-report Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP) was completed by 153 women with a lifetime diagnosis of DSM-IV AN. A cluster analysis was used to identify personality-based subgroups. Clusters were then compared on clinical and aetiological variables.Results. Three personality-based clusters were identified, defined by broad, avoidant and compulsive types of personality pathology. Dimensions of low dissocial behaviour, high inhibition and high compulsivity were common to all clusters, while dimensions related to emotional dysregulation appeared more heterogeneous. Clinical symptoms were not related to personality profile with the exception of a trend towards more fasting behaviour in the broad group. The compulsive cluster with the narrowest range of extreme personality traits reported the highest familial risk of eating pathology.Conclusions. The three clusters identified in our AN sample were similar to those previously identified in broader eating disordered samples. Personality-based clusters did not correspond overall to clinical symptoms but aetiological differences supported their validity. Broader personality pathology indicative of emotional dysregulation, problems with identity and relationships, in addition to core traits, may increase vulnerability to AN in those with less familial risk.

scholarly journals Clinical and Neurophysiological Correlates of Emotion and Food Craving Regulation in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Mallorquí-Bagué ◽  
María Lozano-Madrid ◽  
Giulia Testa ◽  
Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz ◽  
Isabel Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Relevant Task

Background: Difficulties in emotion regulation and craving regulation have been linked to eating symptomatology in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), contributing to the maintenance of their eating disorder. Methods: To investigate clinical and electrophysiological correlates of these processes, 20 patients with AN and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a computerized task during EEG recording, where they were instructed to down-regulate negative emotions or food craving. Participants also completed self-report measures of emotional regulation and food addiction. The P300 and Late Positive Potential (LPP) ERPs were analysed. Results: LPP amplitudes were significantly smaller during down-regulation of food craving among both groups. Independent of task condition, individuals with AN showed smaller P300 amplitudes compared to HC. Among HC, the self-reported use of re-appraisal strategies positively correlated with LPP amplitudes during emotional regulation task, while suppressive strategies negatively correlated with LPP amplitudes. The AN group, in comparison to the HC group, exhibited greater food addiction, greater use of maladaptive strategies, and emotional dysregulation. Conclusions: Despite the enhanced self-reported psychopathology among AN, both groups indicated neurophysiological evidence of food craving regulation as evidenced by blunted LPP amplitudes in the relevant task condition. Further research is required to delineate the mechanisms associated with reduced overall P300 amplitudes among individuals with AN.

PERSONALITY AND SELF-CONCEPT IN SUBGROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA NERVOSA

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica B. FÄldt Ciccolo ◽  
Per Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Degree

The question of subgroups in eating disorders was addressed in this study. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV, the two subtypes for anorexia nervosa are restricting and binge-eating/purging. For bulimia nervosa, the subtypes are purging and nonpurging. An attempt was made here to examine alternative ways to create meaningful subgroups in the eating-disordered patient group. A cluster analysis was performed in a group of 52 female patients (AN=21, BN=31). Fifty-five undergraduate students served as a control group. Three self-report instruments were used: the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Karolinska Scales of Personality, and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. The results reveal three different groups of patients. Factors like poor interoceptive ability and high degree of somatization differentiate between the groups, and contribute to severity of pathology, as well as to lower levels of self-concept.The results reveal three different groups of patients. Factors like poor interoceptive ability and high degree of somatization differentiate between the groups, and contribute to severity of pathology, as well as to lower levels of self-concept.

scholarly journals Countertransference feelings and personality disorders: A psychometric evaluation of a brief version of the Feeling Word Checklist (FWC-BV)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Breivik ◽  
Theresa Wilberg ◽  
Julie Evensen ◽  
Jan Ivar Røssberg ◽  
Hanne Sofie Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Working Alliance Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Coefficient Omega

Abstract Background The Feeling Word Checklist (FWC) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess therapists’ countertransference (CT) feelings. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a brief, 12-item version of the Feeling Word Checklist (FWC-BV). The second aim was to validate the factor structure by examining the associations between the FWC-BV factors, patients’ personality pathology and therapeutic alliance (TA). Methods Therapists at 13 different outpatient units within the Norwegian Network of Personality Disorders participated, and the study includes therapies for a large sample of patients ( N =2425) with personality pathology. Over a period of 2.5 years, therapists completed the FWC-BV for each patient in therapy every 6 months. Statistical methods included exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. Internal consistency was estimated using Mc Donald’s coefficient Omega (ω t ). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV – Axis II (SCID II) and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were used as diagnostic instruments, and patient-rated TA was assessed using the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-SR). Results Factor analyses revealed three clinically meaningful factors: Inadequate , Idealised and Confident . These factors had acceptable psychometric properties. Most notably, a number of borderline PD criteria correlated positively with the factors Inadequate and Idealised , and negatively with the factor Confident . All the factors correlated significantly with at least one of the WAI-SR subscales Conclusions The FWC-BV measures three clinically meaningful aspects of therapists’ CT feelings. This brief version of the FWC seems satisfactory for use in further research and in clinical contexts. Keywords: Countertransference, Feeling Word Checklist, factor analysis, personality disorder, psychometrics

scholarly journals Toward an Integrated Model of Pathological Personality Traits: Common Hierarchical Structure of the PID-5 and the DAPP-BQ

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gutiérrez ◽  
José Ruiz ◽  
Josep Maria Peri ◽  
Miguel Gárriz ◽  
Gemma Vall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

A dimensional classification seems to be the next move in the personality disorders field. However, it is not clear whether there is one dimensional model or many, or whether the currently available dimensional instruments measure the same traits. To help clarify these issues, the authors administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ) to 414 psychiatric outpatients. Factor analyses showed that a common hierarchical structure underlies both instruments, even if each one measures slightly different aspects of it. Disattenuated correlations indicated that, at the lower order level, two thirds of the PID-5 and DAPP-BQ facets measure essentially the same traits, although the pairings were not exactly as predicted. Among higher order domains, only PID Negative Affectivity and Detachment converged unambiguously with DAPP Emotional Dysregulation and Inhibition. Overall, the PID-5 and the DAPP-BQ reflect, with small divergences, one and the same structure of pathological personality traits.

scholarly journals Countertransference feelings and personality disorders: A psychometric evaluation of a brief version of the Feeling Word Checklist (FWC-12)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Breivik ◽  
Theresa Wilberg ◽  
Julie Evensen ◽  
Jan Ivar Røssberg ◽  
Hanne Sofie Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Working Alliance Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract Background The Feeling Word Checklist (FWC) is a self-report questionnaire designed to measure therapists’ countertransference (CT) feelings. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a brief version of the Feeling Word Checklist comprising twelve feeling words (FWC-12). The second aim was to validate the factor structure by examining the associations between the FWC-12 factors, patients’ personality pathology and therapeutic alliance (TA). Methods Therapists at 13 different outpatient units within the Norwegian Network of Personality Disorders completed the FWC-12 every 6 months during the course of treating a patient with a personality disorder (PD), over a period of up to 2.5 years. A large sample of patients with personality pathology participated in the study. The data were analysed with exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV – Axis II (SCID II) and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were used as diagnostic instruments, and patient-rated TA was assessed using the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-SR). Results Factor analyses revealed three clinically meaningful factors: Inadequate, Idealised and Confident. These factors had acceptable psychometric properties. Most notably, a number of borderline PD criteria correlated positively with the factors Inadequate and Idealised, and negatively with the factor Confident. All the factors correlated significantly with at least one of the WAI-SR subscales. Conclusions The FWC-12 measures three clinically meaningful aspects of therapists’ CT feelings. This brief version of the FWC seems satisfactory for use in further research and in clinical contexts. Keywords: Countertransference, Feeling Word Checklist, factor analysis, personality disorder, psychometrics

Assessment of Pathological Traits in DSM-5 Personality Disorders By the DAPP-BQ: How Do These Traits Relate to the Six Personality Disorder Types of the Alternative Model?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Berghuis ◽  
Theo J. M. Ingenhoven ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Gina M. P. Rossi ◽  
Chris K. W. Schotte
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Dimensional Assessment

The six personality disorder (PD) types in DSM-5 section III are intended to resemble their DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II PD counterparts, but are now described by the level of personality functioning (criterion A) and an assigned trait profile (criterion B). However, concerns have been raised about the validity of these PD types. The present study examined the continuity between the DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II PDs and the corresponding trait profiles of the six DSM-5 section III PDs in a sample of 350 Dutch psychiatric patients. Facets of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology—Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) were presumed as representations (proxies) of the DSM-5 section III traits. Correlational patterns between the DAPP-BQ and the six PDs were consistent with previous research between DAPP-BQ and DSM-IV PDs. Moreover, DAPP-BQ proxies were able to predict the six selected PDs. However, the assigned trait profile for each PD didn't fully match the corresponding PD.

scholarly journals Dysfunctional cognitions in personality pathology: the structure and validity of the Personality Belief Questionnaire

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Fournier ◽  
R. J. DeRubeis ◽  
A. T. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThis study examines the structure of the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ), a self-report instrument designed to assess dysfunctional beliefs associated with personality pathology, as proposed by the cognitive theory of personality dysfunction.MethodThe PBQ was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with responses from 438 depressed out-patients, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with responses from 683 treatment-seeking psychiatric out-patients. All participants were assessed for personality disorder (PD) using a standard clinical interview. The validity of the resulting factor structure was assessed in the combined sample (n=1121) by examining PBQ scores for patients with and without PD diagnoses.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory analyses converged to indicate that the PBQ is best described by seven empirically identified factors: six assess dysfunctional beliefs associated with forms of personality pathology recognized in DSM-IV. Validity analyses revealed that those diagnosed with a PD evidenced a higher average score on all factors, relative to those without these disorders. Subsets of patients diagnosed with specific DSM-IV PDs scored higher, on average, on the factor associated with their respective diagnosis, relative to all other factors.ConclusionsThe pattern of results has implications for the conceptualization of personality pathology. To our knowledge, no formal diagnostic or assessment system has yet systematically incorporated the role of dysfunctional beliefs into its description of personality pathology. The identification of dysfunctional beliefs may not only aid in case conceptualization but also may provide unique targets for psychological treatment. Recommendations for future personality pathology assessment systems are provided.

Identifying Suicide Typologies Among Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Suicide among veterans has increased in recent years, making the identification of those at greatest risk for self-injurious behavior a high research priority. Aims: We investigated whether affective impulsivity and risky behaviors distinguished typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Method: A total of 95 trauma-exposed veterans (ages 21–55; 87% men) completed self-report measures of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, impulsivity, and clinical symptoms. Results: A latent profile analysis produced three classes that differed in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A low class that reported little to no self-injurious thoughts or behaviors; a self-injurious thoughts (ST) class that endorsed high levels of ideation but no self-harm behaviors; and a self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STaB) class that reported ideation, suicide attempts and NSSI. Membership in the STaB class was associated with greater affective impulsivity, disinhibition, and distress/arousal than the other two classes. Limitations: Limitations include an overrepresentation of males in our sample, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and reliance on self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings point to affective impulsivity and risky behaviors as important characteristics of veterans who engage in self-injurious behaviors.

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