scholarly journals Lifetime prevalence and inter-cohort variation in DSM-IV disorders in metropolitan China

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
SING LEE ◽  
ADLEY TSANG ◽  
MING-YUAN ZHANG ◽  
YUE-QIN HUANG ◽  
YAN-LING HE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background. This is the first study to examine variation across cohorts in lifetime risk of DSM-IV mental disorders in metropolitan China.Method. Face-to-face household interviews of 2633 adults in Beijing and 2568 adults in Shanghai were conducted from November 2001 to February 2002 using a multi-stage household probability sampling method. The Chinese World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) was used for assessment.Results. Lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 13·2%. Alcohol abuse (4·7%), major depressive disorder (3·5%), and specific phobia (2·6%) were the most common disorders. The median age of onset was later for mood (43 years) than anxiety (17 years) and substance use (25 years) disorders. Compared to observed lifetime prevalence, the projected lifetime risk as of age 75 years increased by 106% for major depressive disorder (7·2%), and was uniformly higher for all disorders. Relative odds of any lifetime disorder were 4·7 in the most recent cohorts (ages 18–34) compared to the eldest cohorts (ages [ges ]65).Conclusions. The findings of this cross-sectional study tally with the view that rapid socioeconomic changes may bring about increasing incidence of mental disorders in China. However, prospective longitudinal studies are needed to confirm if the increase is real. Because of the huge size of the Chinese population, any increase in projected lifetime risk of mental disorders represents an enormous increase in the number of affected individuals.

scholarly journals Psychiatric symptoms in preclinical behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia in MAPT mutation carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri Cheran ◽  
Hannah Silverman ◽  
Masood Manoochehri ◽  
Jill Goldman ◽  
Seonjoo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Dsm Iv

ObjectiveTo characterise psychiatric symptoms in preclinical and early behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), a neurodegenerative disorder whose symptoms overlap with and are often mistaken for psychiatric illness.MethodsThe present study reports findings from a systematic, global, prospective evaluation of psychiatric symptoms in 12 preclinical carriers of pathogenic MAPT mutations, not yet meeting bvFTD diagnostic criteria, and 46 familial non-carrier controls. Current psychiatric symptoms, informant-reported symptoms and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders were assessed with The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Fisher exact test was used to compare carriers and non-carriers’ lifetime prevalence of six DSM-IV disorders: major depressive disorder, panic attacks, alcohol abuse, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Other DSM-IV disorders had insufficient prevalence across our sample for between-group comparisons, but are reported.ResultsNon-carriers had greater prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders than has been reported for a general reference population. Preclinical carriers had lower lifetime prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders than non-carriers, except for depressive disorder not otherwise specified, an atypical syndrome comprising clinically significant depressive symptoms which fail to meet criteria for major depressive disorder.ConclusionFindings suggest that early psychiatric symptoms of emergent bvFTD may manifest as emotional blunting or mood changes not cleanly conforming to criteria for a DSM-defined mood disorder.

Pharmacological Treatments for Unipolar Depression

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Prendes-Alvarez ◽  
Alan F. Schatzberg ◽  
Charles B. Nemeroff
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dsm Iv

Major depressive disorder is a chronic syndrome associated with high mortality (secondary to suicide and increased risk for heart disease, stroke, and other serious diseases). It is one of the most common medical disorders affecting adults in the world today. In the United States, the lifetime prevalence of major depression is 16.7% for adults. The average age of onset is 32 years, and women are 70% more likely to develop depression than men. Neither the core requisite symptoms for the diagnosis of a major depressive episode nor the required duration of at least 2 weeks has changed from DSM-IV to DSM-5. This chapter discusses the main issues surrounding the treatment of major depressive disorder, such as suicidality and goals of treatment, and provides information about all treatment options approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Drugs are categorized by their mechanisms of action.

Understanding bereavement-related depression: the polemical journey of DSM-5

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
I. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Type Result ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

ObjectiveThis paper will bring you on a polemical journey to understand the issues related in conceptualizing bereavement-related depression.MethodA critical narrative review was carried out to evaluate arguments and controversies surrounding DSM-IV classifications of bereavement exclusion for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD).ResultAvailable studies that are associated with bereavement exclusion criteria, the open trials and treatments with the implications of such conceptualizations and the current removal of the bereavement exclusion from MDD in DSM-5 were addressed.ConclusionThe review highlights the never-ending polemical journey of conceptualizing any mental disorders, bereavement-related depression included.

Twelve-month prevalence and disability of DSM-IV bipolar disorder in an Australian general population survey

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. MITCHELL ◽  
T. SLADE ◽  
G. ANDREWS
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Days Out Of Role

Background. There have been few large-scale epidemiological studies which have examined the prevalence of bipolar disorder. The authors report 12-month prevalence data for DSM-IV bipolar disorder from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being.Method. The broad methodology of the Australian National Survey has been described previously. Ten thousand, six hundred and forty-one people participated. The 12-month prevalence of euphoric bipolar disorder (I and II) – similar to the euphoric-grandiose syndrome of Kessler and co-workers – was determined. Those so identified were compared with subjects with major depressive disorder and the rest of the sample, on rates of co-morbidity with anxiety and substance use disorders as well as demographic features and measures of disability and service utilization. Polychotomous logistic regression was used to study the relationship between the three samples and these dependent variables.Results. There was a 12-month prevalence of 0·5% for bipolar disorder. Compared with subjects with major depressive disorder, those with bipolar disorder were distinguished by a more equal gender ratio; a greater likelihood of being widowed, separated or divorced; higher rates of drug abuse or dependence; greater disability as measured by days out of role; increased rates of treatment with medicines; and higher lifetime rates of suicide attempts.Conclusions. This large national survey highlights the marked functional impairment caused by bipolar disorder, even when compared with major depressive disorder.

Optical Coherence Tomography and Pattern Electroretinography Changes in Egyptian Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa S ElShaarawi ◽  
Ayman A Gaafar ◽  
Hisham S. Saad Eldin ◽  
Randa H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Electroretinography

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects nearly 11.1-14.6 % of the population in their lifetime. Pathophysiology and brain imaging findings show that degenerative and inflammatory processes may play a role. Meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in MDD demonstrated significant gray matter loss. From anatomical and embryological perspectives, the retina can be considered a unique extension of the brain and is able to reflect axonal histopathology. Being unmyelinated, it can provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of diseases with a neurodegenerative element. Aim to compare retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in a group of MDD patients with a healthy control group and to correlate OCT parameters with pattern electroretinography (PERG) parameters. Method a controlled cross sectional study was conducted on 30 MDD patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. Both groups had a full ophthalmological examination, OCT imaging and 7 patients and 11 controls have PERG recorded. Results Thinning of the superior retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of most of the ganglion cell inner plexiform (GCIP) layer, thinning of most of the macular thickness and thinning of macular volume in both eyes were detected. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the left GCIP layer and the amplitude of the N95 wave. Also a statistically significant negative correlation existed between MDD duration in years with the left eye's average volume of the outer ring of the macula. Conclusion Significant retinal changes were detected by OCT in MDD patients supporting the theory of neurodegeneration as a pathophysiology of MDD.

scholarly journals Toward an Adaptation of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Hispanic Patients With DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Sapana R. Patel ◽  
Ivan C. Balan ◽  
Michelle A. Bell ◽  
Carlos Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Dsm Iv

scholarly journals Previous disorders and depression outcomes in individuals with 12-month major depressive disorder in the World Mental Health surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelieke M. Roest ◽  
Ymkje Anna de Vries ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
Olatunde O. Ayinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Externalising Disorders ◽  
Days Out Of Role ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterised by a recurrent course and high comorbidity rates. A lifespan perspective may therefore provide important information regarding health outcomes. The aim of the present study is to examine mental disorders that preceded 12-month MDD diagnosis and the impact of these disorders on depression outcomes. Methods Data came from 29 cross-sectional community epidemiological surveys of adults in 27 countries (n = 80 190). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess 12-month MDD and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with onset prior to the respondent's age at interview. Disorders were grouped into depressive distress disorders, non-depressive distress disorders, fear disorders and externalising disorders. Depression outcomes included 12-month suicidality, days out of role and impairment in role functioning. Results Among respondents with 12-month MDD, 94.9% (s.e. = 0.4) had at least one prior disorder (including previous MDD), and 64.6% (s.e. = 0.9) had at least one prior, non-MDD disorder. Previous non-depressive distress, fear and externalising disorders, but not depressive distress disorders, predicted higher impairment (OR = 1.4–1.6) and suicidality (OR = 1.5–2.5), after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Further adjustment for MDD characteristics weakened, but did not eliminate, these associations. Associations were largely driven by current comorbidities, but both remitted and current externalising disorders predicted suicidality among respondents with 12-month MDD. Conclusions These results illustrate the importance of careful psychiatric history taking regarding current anxiety disorders and lifetime externalising disorders in individuals with MDD.

scholarly journals Mental disorders in Australian 4- to 17- year olds: Parent-reported need for help

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
David Lawrence ◽  
Michael Sawyer ◽  
Stephen R Zubrick
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Objective: To describe the extent to which parents report that 4- to 17-year-olds with symptoms meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria for mental disorders need help, the types of help needed, the extent to which this need is being met and factors associated with a need for help. Method: During 2013–2014, a national household survey of the mental health of Australia’s young people (Young Minds Matter) was conducted, involving 6310 parents (and carers) of 4- to 17-year-olds. The survey identified 12-month mental disorders using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children – Version IV ( n = 870) and asked parents about the need for four types of help – information, medication, counselling and life skills. Results: Parents of 79% of 4- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders reported that their child needed help, and of these, only 35% had their needs fully met. The greatest need for help was for those with major depressive disorder (95%) and conduct disorder (93%). Among these, 39% of those with major depressive disorder but only 19% of those with conduct disorder had their needs fully met. Counselling was the type of help most commonly identified as being needed (68%). In multivariate models, need for counselling was higher when children had autism or an intellectual disability, in blended families, when parents were distressed, and in the most advantaged socioeconomic areas. Conclusions: Many children and adolescents meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria for mental disorders have a completely unmet need for help, especially those with conduct disorders. Even with mild disorders, lack of clinical assessment represents an important missed opportunity for early intervention and treatment.

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