The profile and risks of suicidal behaviours in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
OYE GUREJE ◽  
LOLA KOLA ◽  
RICHARD UWAKWE ◽  
OWOIDOHO UDOFIA ◽  
ABBA WAKIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of

Background. Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide but information about it is sparse in Sub-Saharan Africa. Suicide-related behaviours can provide an insight into the extent of this compelling consequence of mental illness.Method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a representative sample of persons aged 18 years and over (n=6752) in 21 of Nigeria's 36 states (representing about 57% of the national population). Suicide-related outcomes, mental disorders, as well as history of childhood adversities were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).Results. Lifetime prevalence estimates of suicide ideation, plan and attempts were 3·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4–6·5], 1·0% (95% CI 0·4–7·5) and 0·7% (95% CI 0·5–1·0) respectively. Almost two of every three ideators who made a plan went on to make an attempt. The highest risks for transition from ideation to plan and from plan to attempt were in the first year of having ideation or plan respectively. Mental disorders, especially mood disorders, were significant correlates of suicide-related outcomes. Childhood adversities of long separation from biological parents, being raised in a household with much conflict, being physically abused, or being brought up by a woman who had suffered from depression, anxiety disorder, or who had attempted suicide were risk factors for lifetime suicide attempt.Conclusions. History of childhood adversities and of lifetime mental disorders identify persons at high-risk for suicide-related outcomes. Preventive measures are best delivered within the first year of suicide ideation being expressed.

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oye Gureje ◽  
Victor O. Lasebikan ◽  
Lola Kola ◽  
Victor A. Makanjuola
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

BackgroundLarge-scale community studies of the prevalence of mental disorders using standardised assessment tools are rare in sub-Saharan Africa.AimsTo conduct such a study.MethodMultistage stratified clustered sampling of households in the Yoruba-speaking parts of Nigeria. Face-to-face interviews used the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI).ResultsOf the 4984 people interviewed (response rate 79.9%), 12.1% had a lifetime rate of at least one DSM–IV disorder and 5.8% had 12-month disorders. Anxiety disorders were the most common (5.7% lifetime, 4.1% 12-month rates) but virtually no generalised anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder were identified. Of the 23% who had seriously disabling disorders, only about 8% had received treatment in the preceding 12 months. Treatment was mostly provided by general medical practitioners; only a few were treated by alternative practitioners such as traditional healers.ConclusionsThe observed low rates seem to reflect demographic and ascertainment factors. There was a large burden of unmet need for care among people with serious disorders.

scholarly journals Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norito Kawakami ◽  
Maiko Fukasawa ◽  
Kiyomi Sakata ◽  
Ruriko Suzuki ◽  
Hiroaki Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract Background: People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of (developing) poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the three years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods: Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,089 adult residents living in temporary housing in Japan (the shelter group) and a random sample of 852 community residents of East Japan (the general population). The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected. Results: Response rates were 49% and 46%, for the shelter group and general population, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population, although the rate of remission was significantly lower in the shelter group. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group. Conclusions: The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower. Post-disaster mental health service is required to take into account the prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.

The scale of the problem

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

One in four individuals suffer from a psychiatric disorder at some point in their life, with 15– 20 per cent fitting cri­teria for a mental disorder at any given time. The latter corresponds to around 450 million people worldwide, placing mental disorders as one of the leading causes of global morbidity. Mental health problems represent five of the ten leading causes of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in mid 2016 that ‘the global cost of mental illness is £651 billion per year’, stating that the equivalent of 50 million working years was being lost annually due to mental disorders. The financial global impact is clearly vast, but on a smaller scale, the social and psychological impacts of having a mental dis­order on yourself or your family are greater still. It is often difficult for the general public and clin­icians outside psychiatry to think of mental health dis­orders as ‘diseases’ because it is harder to pinpoint a specific pathological cause for them. When confronted with this view, it is helpful to consider that most of medicine was actually founded on this basis. For ex­ample, although medicine has been a profession for the past 2500 years, it was only in the late 1980s that Helicobacter pylori was linked to gastric/ duodenal ul­cers and gastric carcinoma, or more recently still that the BRCA genes were found to be a cause of breast cancer. Still much of clinical medicine treats a patient’s symptoms rather than objective abnormalities. The WHO has given the following definition of mental health:… Mental health is defined as a state of well- being in which every individual realizes his or her own po­tential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.… This is a helpful definition, because it clearly defines a mental disorder as a condition that disrupts this state in any way, and sets clear goals of treatment for the clinician. It identifies the fact that a disruption of an individual’s mental health impacts negatively not only upon their enjoyment and ability to cope with life, but also upon that of the wider community.

Aboriginal peoples in complete mental health: A nationally-representative Canadian portrait of resilience and flourishing

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-262
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Siwon Lee ◽  
Rose E Cameron ◽  
Philip Baiden ◽  
Senyo Agbeyaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complete Mental Health

This study aimed to document the prevalence and factors associated with complete mental health (CMH) among Aboriginal peoples living in Canada. CMH is comprised of three parts: 1) the absence of major depressive episode, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, serious suicidal thoughts, and substance dependence in the past year as measured by the World Health Organization (WHO) versions of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI), 2) happiness and/or satisfaction with life in the past month, and 3) psychological and social well-being. The method involved secondary analysis of Statistics Canada’s 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). Responses from Aboriginal peoples living in Canada off-reserve ( n = 965) were examined to determine what percentage were in CMH and what characteristics are associated with being in CMH. Data analysis involved both bivariate and multivariate analytic techniques to examine factors associated with CMH among Aboriginal peoples. Overall, two-thirds of Aboriginal peoples (67.9%) living in Canada were in CMH. Those with a post-secondary degree, who had a confidant, and those who were free of disabling chronic pain were more likely to be in CMH. Additionally, the odds of CMH were higher among those without a history of suicidal ideation, major depression, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, anxiety disorder, or difficulty sleeping. Findings from this study provide indications of substantial resiliency among Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

scholarly journals The Relation between Body Mass Index, Mental Health, and Functional Disability: A European Population Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere ◽  
Gemma Vilagut ◽  
Montserat Martinez ◽  
Anke Bonnewyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Study ◽  
Work Loss

Objective: To examine the association between body mass, mental disorders, and functional disability in the general population of 6 European countries. Method: Data ( n = 21 425) were derived from the European Study on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). The third version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered to assess mental disorders (mood, anxiety, and alcohol disorders) according to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth edition, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2, based on self-reported height and weight), and functional disability in the previous 30 days, assessed with the World Health Organization Disablement Assessment Scale—second version. Results: About 3% of the respondents were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 53% had normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), 33% were overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2), and the remaining 12% met criteria for obesity (BMI > 30.0 kg/m2). Compared with individuals of normal weight, obese individuals were more likely to have mood (OR 1.3; 95%CI, 1.0 to 1.8) or more than one mental disorder (OR 1.4; 95%CI, 1.0 to 2.2). BMI had no impact on work loss days, whereas mental disorders had a considerable effect on work loss days. Conclusions: This is the first cross-national study investigating the role between BMI, mental disorders, and functional disability in the general population. Being overweight or obese is a common condition in the 6 ESEMeD countries. Although there is a moderate association between obesity and mental disorders, BMI did not independently influence functional disability.

scholarly journals Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Anne M. Gadermann ◽  
Irving Hwang ◽  
Nancy A. Sampson ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parent Psychopathology ◽  
World Mental Health

BackgroundAssociations between specific parent and offspring mental disorders are likely to have been overestimated in studies that have failed to control for parent comorbidity.AimsTo examine the associations of parent with respondent disorders.MethodData come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys (n = 51 507). Respondent disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and parent disorders with informant-based Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria interviews.ResultsAlthough virtually all parent disorders examined (major depressive, generalised anxiety, panic, substance and antisocial behaviour disorders and suicidality) were significantly associated with offspring disorders in multivariate analyses, little specificity was found. Comorbid parent disorders had significant sub-additive associations with offspring disorders. Population-attributable risk proportions for parent disorders were 12.4% across all offspring disorders, generally higher in high- and upper-middle- than low-/lower-middle-income countries, and consistently higher for behaviour (11.0–19.9%) than other (7.1–14.0%) disorders.ConclusionsParent psychopathology is a robust non-specific predictor associated with a substantial proportion of offspring disorders.

scholarly journals Suicidal Behavior and Associations with Quality of Life among HIV-Infected Patients in Ibadan, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibilola Damilola Oladeji ◽  
Babafemi Taiwo ◽  
Olushola Mosuro ◽  
Samuel A. Fayemiwo ◽  
Taiwo Abiona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
World Health Organization Quality

Background: Suicidality has rarely been studied in HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored suicidal behavior in a clinic sample of people living with HIV, in Nigeria. Methods: Consecutive patients were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-10.0) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL-HIV-BREF). Associations of suicidal behavior were explored using logistic regression models. Results: In this sample of 828 patients (71% female, mean age 41.3 ± 10 years), prevalence of suicidal behaviors were 15.1%, 5.8%, and 3.9% for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, respectively. Women were more likely than men to report suicidal ideation (odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.64). Depression and/or anxiety disorder was associated with increased odds of all suicidal behaviors. Suicidal behavior was associated with significantly lower overall and domain scores on the WHO-QOL. Conclusion: Suicidal behaviors were common and significantly associated with the presence of mental disorders and lower quality of life.

The effects of co-morbidity on the onset and persistence of generalized anxiety disorder in the ICPE surveys

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1213-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. KESSLER ◽  
L. H. ANDRADE ◽  
R. V. BIJL ◽  
D. R. OFFORD ◽  
O. V. DEMLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
The United States ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
First Onset ◽  
History Of

Background. Although it is well known that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is highly co-morbid with other mental disorders, little is known about the extent to which earlier disorders predict the subsequent first onset and persistence of GAD. These associations are examined in the current report using data from four community surveys in the World Health Organization (WHO) International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE).Method. The surveys come from Brazil, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess DSM-III-R anxiety, mood and substance use disorders in these surveys. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to examine the associations of retrospectively reported earlier disorders with first onset of GAD. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of the disorders with persistence of GAD.Results. Six disorders predict first onset of GAD in all four surveys: agoraphobia, panic disorder, simple phobia, dysthymia, major depression and mania. With the exception of simple phobia, only respondents with active disorders have elevated risk of GAD. In the case of simple phobia, in comparison, respondents with a history of remitted disorder also have consistently elevated risk of GAD. Simple phobia is also the only disorder that predicts the persistence of GAD.Conclusions. The causal processes linking temporally primary disorders to onset of GAD are likely to be state-dependent. History of simple phobia might be a GAD risk marker. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms involved in the relationship between simple phobia and subsequent GAD.

Geriatric Psychiatry and Human Rights in Romania - Involuntary Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Tataru ◽  
A. Dicker
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Involuntary Commitment ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Ambulatory Treatment

The protection of human rights and the dignity of persons with mental disorders has not a relatively short history in Romania. We have a short review of legislation and of conditions of hospitalization concerning involuntary commitment of the mentally ill people during our history before and after 1989, having more than 30 years experience in the field. Since 1989 it has been necessary to create committees to investigate abuse during involuntary commitment. On the other hand, before 1989 some persons with (or even without) mental disorders were committed to a psychiatry department to protect them. Generally, Romania's legislation is in keeping with principles set out by the World Health Organisation, United Nations and so on, concerning the protection of people with mental illnesses. The legislation calls for adequate treatment and respect for the human rights of the persons with mental disorders.Standards and practice regarding involuntary commitment in a psychiatric department and also involuntary ambulatory treatment of person with mental disorders have been improved since the introduction of the new mental health law in 2002. We discuss about the assessment of competence in the elderly and ethical aspect of care and research, and about involuntary commitment of incompetent elderly patients. We also refer to the complications and difficulties when trying to apply the civil commitments compulsive hospital admission measure. Involuntary commitment of incompetent patients took in the consideration the best interest of the patient, but also the well-being of the family and the potential risk for others.

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