scholarly journals Mood lability and psychopathology in youth

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stringaris ◽  
R. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Mood Lability ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

BackgroundMood lability is a concept widely used. However, data on its prevalence and morbid associations are scarce. We sought to establish the occurrence and importance of mood lability in a large community sample of children and adolescents by testing a priori hypotheses.MethodCross-sectional data were taken from a national mental health survey including 5326 subjects aged 8–19 years in the UK. The outcomes were prevalence and characteristics of mood lability and its associations with psychopathology and overall impairment.ResultsMood lability occurred in more than 5% of the population of children and adolescents, both by parent and self-report. Mood lability was strongly associated with a wide range of psychopathology and was linked to significant impairment even in the absence of psychiatric disorders. Mood lability was particularly strongly associated with co-morbidity between internalizing and externalizing disorders, even when adjusting for the association with individual disorders. The pattern of results did not change after excluding youth with bipolar disorder or with episodes of elated mood.ConclusionsClinically significant mood lability is relatively common in the community. Our findings indicate that mood lability is not a mere consequence of other psychopathology in that it is associated with significant impairment even in the absence of psychiatric diagnoses. Moreover, the pattern of association of mood lability with co-morbidity suggests that it could be a risk factor shared by both internalizing and externalizing disorders. Our data point to the need for greater awareness of mood lability and its implications for treatment.

scholarly journals Problematic Internet Use in Children and Adolescents: Associations with psychiatric disorders and impairment 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Restrepo(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
Tohar Scheininger ◽  
Jon Clucas ◽  
Lindsay Alexander ◽  
Giovanni Salum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Problematic internet use (PIU) is an increasingly worrisome issue, as youth population studies are establishing links with internalizing and externalizing problems. There is a need for a better understanding of psychiatric diagnostic profiles associated with this issue, as well as its unique contributions to impairment. Here, we leveraged the ongoing, large-scale Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network, a transdiagnostic self-referred, community sample of children and adolescents (ages 5-21), to examine the associations between PIU and psychopathology, general impairment, physical health and sleep disturbances.Methods: A total sample of 564 (190 female) participants between the ages of 7-15 (mean = 10.80, SD = 2.16), along with their parents/guardians, completed diagnostic interviews with clinicians, answered a wide range of self-report (SR) and parent-report (PR) questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and underwent physical testing as part of the Healthy Brain Network protocol. Results: PIU was positively associated with depressive disorders (SR: aOR = 2.43, CI: 1.22-4.74, p = .01; PR: aOR = 2.56, CI: 1.31-5.05, p = .01), the combined presentation of ADHD (SR: aOR = 1.91, CI: 1.14-3.22, p = .01; PR: n.s.), Autism Spectrum Disorder (SR: n.s.; PR: aOR = 2.24, CI: 1.34-3.73, p < .001), greater levels of impairment (SR: Standardized Beta = 4.63, CI: 3.06-6.20, p < .001; PR: Standardized Beta = 5.05, CI: 3.67-6.42, p < .001) and increased sleep disturbances (SR: Standardized Beta = 3.15, CI: 0.71-5.59, p = .01; PR: Standardized Beta = 3.55, CI: 1.34-5.75, p < .001), even when accounting for demographic covariates and psychiatric comorbidity.Conclusions: The association between PIU and psychopathology, as well as its impact on impairment and sleep disturbances, highlight the urgent need to gain an understanding of mechanisms in order to inform public health recommendations on internet use in U.S. youth.

scholarly journals Problematic Internet Use in Children and Adolescents: Associations with psychiatric disorders and impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Restrepo ◽  
Tohar Scheininger ◽  
Jon Clucas ◽  
Lindsay Alexander ◽  
Giovanni Salum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Problematic internet use (PIU) is an increasingly worrisome issue, as youth population studies are establishing links with internalizing and externalizing problems. There is a need for a better understanding of psychiatric diagnostic profiles associated with this issue, as well as its unique contributions to impairment. Here, we leveraged the ongoing, large-scale Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network, a transdiagnostic self-referred, community sample of children and adolescents (ages 5-21), to examine the associations between PIU and psychopathology, general impairment, physical health and sleep disturbances. Methods: A total sample of 564 (190 female) participants between the ages of 7-15 (mean = 10.80, SD = 2.16), along with their parents/guardians, completed diagnostic interviews with clinicians, answered a wide range of self-report (SR) and parent-report (PR) questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and underwent physical testing as part of the Healthy Brain Network protocol. Results: PIU was positively associated with depressive disorders (SR: aOR = 2.43, CI: 1.22-4.74, p = .01; PR: aOR = 2.56, CI: 1.31-5.05, p = .01), the combined presentation of ADHD (SR: aOR = 1.91, CI: 1.14-3.22, p = .01; PR: n.s.), Autism Spectrum Disorder (SR: n.s.; PR: aOR = 2.24, CI: 1.34-3.73, p < .001), greater levels of impairment (SR: Standardized Beta = 4.63, CI: 3.06-6.20, p < .001; PR: Standardized Beta = 5.05, CI: 3.67-6.42, p < .001) and increased sleep disturbances (SR: Standardized Beta = 3.15, CI: 0.71-5.59, p = .01; PR: Standardized Beta = 3.55, CI: 1.34-5.75, p < .001), even when accounting for demographic covariates and psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusions: The association between PIU and psychopathology, as well as its impact on impairment and sleep disturbances, highlight the urgent need to gain an understanding of mechanisms in order to inform public health recommendations on internet use in U.S. youth.

scholarly journals Depressive Risk among Italian Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Children and Adolescents during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Serra ◽  
Anna Presicci ◽  
Luigi Quaranta ◽  
Maria Rosaria Erminia Urbano ◽  
Lucia Marzulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Parent Version

Abstract Background Children and adolescents and low-income individuals are considered particularly vulnerable for mental health implications during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Depression is one of the most frequent negative emotional responses during an epidemic outbreak, mainly due to the imposed restriction of social contacts. We aimed to assess depressive symptomatology in a sample of Italian low-income minors and to determine if pandemic-related stressors and pre-existing neuropsychiatric diagnoses would behave as risk factors for depressive symptoms. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study during July 2020, at the end of the Italian first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. We recruited 109 Italian socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adolescents, from 7 to 17 years. We used an online survey to collect socio-demographic and clinical data and information about pandemic-related stressors, and to assess depressive symptoms with the Children’s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2), Parent Version (Emotional Problems subscale) and Self-Report Short Form. We performed logistic regression analysis to assess the association between depressive symptoms and potential risk factors for mental health. Results 22% and 14% of participants showed depressive symptoms at the CDI 2 Parent Version and Self-Report, respectively. Participants coming from families experiencing a lack of basic supplies during the pandemic (34.9%) were more expected to show depressive symptoms at CDI 2 Parent Version. Participants with a pre-existing neuropsychiatric diagnosis (26.6%) were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms measured by CDI 2 Parent Version. Conclusions The results of our study may be representative of a particular group of frail subjects, the socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adolescents, who were more vulnerable to depressive symptoms if they suffered from a paucity of essential supplies during the pandemic or had pre-existing neurodevelopmental disorders. The promotion of educational and child-care programs and activities could be crucial in sustaining the prevention of mental distress in those frail subjects who particularly need support outside the family.

Development and validation of a short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – the GAI-SF

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Byrne ◽  
Nancy A. Pachana
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Dsm Iv

ABSTRACTBackground: Anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among older people and are associated with considerable disability burden. While several instruments now exist to measure anxiety in older people, there is a need for a very brief self-report scale to measure anxiety symptoms in epidemiological surveys, in primary care and in acute geriatric medical settings. Accordingly, we undertook the development of such a scale, based on the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of randomly selected, community-residing, older women (N = 284; mean age 72.2 years) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. DSM-IV diagnostic interviews were undertaken using the Mini International Diagnostic Interview, fifth edition (MINI-V).Results: We developed a 5-item version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, which we have termed the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – Short Form (GAI-SF). We found that a score of three or greater was optimal for the detection of DSM-IV Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in this community sample. At this cut-point, sensitivity was 75%, specificity was 87%, and 86% of participants were correctly classified. GAI-SF score was not related to age, MMSE score, level of education or perceived income adequacy. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α = 0.81) and concurrent validity against the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was good (rs = 0.48, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The GAI-SF is a short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, which we recommend for use in epidemiological studies. It may also be useful in primary care and acute geriatric medical settings.

scholarly journals Problematic Internet Use in Children and Adolescents: Associations with psychiatric disorders and impairment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Restrepo ◽  
Tohar Scheininger ◽  
Jon Clucas ◽  
Lindsay Alexander ◽  
Giovanni Salum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Problematic Internet Use

Abstract Background Problematic internet use (PIU) is an increasingly worrisome issue, as youth population studies are establishing links with internalizing and externalizing problems. There is a need for a better understanding of psychiatric diagnostic profiles associated with this issue, as well as its unique contributions to impairment. Here, we leveraged the ongoing, large-scale Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network, a transdiagnostic self-referred, community sample of children and adolescents (ages 5-21), to examine the associations between PIU and psychopathology, general impairment, physical health and sleep disturbances.Methods A total sample of 564 (190 female) participants between the ages of 7-15 (mean = 10.80, SD = 2.16), along with their parents/guardians, completed diagnostic interviews with clinicians, answered a myriad of self-report questionnaires, and underwent physical testing as part of the Healthy Brain Network protocol.Results PIU was positively associated with depressive disorders (aOR = 2.34; CI: 1.18-4.56; p = .01), the combined subtype of ADHD (aOR = 1.79; CI: 1.08-2.98; p = .02), greater levels of impairment (Standardized Beta = 4.79; CI: 3.21-6.37; p < .01) and increased sleep disturbances (Standardized Beta = 3.01; CI: 0.58-5.45; p = .02), even when accounting for demographic covariates and psychiatric comorbidity.Conclusions The association between PIU and psychopathology, as well as its impact on impairment and sleep disturbances, highlight the urgent need to gain an understanding of mechanisms in order to inform public health recommendations on internet use in U.S. youth.

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic mechanisms in internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: The role of effortful control in reflexive responding to emotion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Havens Sperry ◽  
Neil Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Emotion-based impulsivity is a transdiagnostic construct related to both internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The Reflexive Responding to Emotion (RRE) framework proposes one possible mechanism through which emotion-based impulsivity predicts two phenotypically different presentations – poor effortful control in the face of strong negative and positive affect can result in either approach or avoidance tendencies. In the present study, we tested this theoretical model in a large developmental community sample, the Enhanced NKI-RS sample (Adult n = 708, Adolescent n = 367), which has a wide range of psychopathology and healthy functioning. Using structural equation path modeling, we tested our primary hypothesis that heightened negative or positive affect would be associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors indirectly through activation control (avoidance) or inhibitory control (approach) facets of effortful control. In adolescents, pathways consistent with the RRE framework for negative urgency emerged such that there was a significant indirect path from negative affect to activation control to internalizing and from negative affect to inhibitory control to externalizing. There was no evidence of positive urgency pathways in the adolescent sample. In contrast, distinct pathways emerged for negative and positive affect in the adult sample – both indirectly led to internalizing psychopathology through activation control and externalizing psychopathology through inhibitory control. Results provide empirical support for the theoretical RRE model and highlight differential cognitive mechanisms through which heightened emotion states may lead to distinct impulsive action or inaction. Implications of these results are discussed, particularly as they relate to differential intervention targets for emotion-based impulsivity in transdiagnostic populations.

scholarly journals Vascular surgery in the most populous state in the Amazon: socio-professional profile and aspirations of the specialty

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maciel Caldas dos Reis ◽  
Deivid Ramos dos Santos ◽  
Inez Ohashi Torres ◽  
Nelson De Luccia
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Residency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Venous Surgery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background There is a dearth of studies conducted to understand the socio-professional profile of the vascular surgery specialty and the population demands of specific regions, which are needed to support creation of care policies and direct infrastructure improvements in healthcare. Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the socio-professional profile of vascular surgeons in the state of Pará, Brazil, to guide creation of tools for professional improvement. Methods A cross-sectional, self-report survey was conducted in Pará using a questionnaire comprising 30 questions covering six main topics. Results All vascular surgeons actively practicing in the state participated in this study. The total number of specialists was 59, with 71.2% working in the greater Belém area and 16.9% exclusively practicing in the interior of the state. The mean age of these professionals was 48 ± 11.1 years, 86.4% of respondents were men, 64.4% of surgeons had completed medical residency, and 96.6% (n=57) of the surgeons would like to improve their skills in venous surgery, echo-guided vascular access, and endovascular surgery. The method of professional improvement of greatest interest was simulation courses (hands-on), endorsed by 93% of the participants. Conclusions Pará has 59 vascular surgeons. These professionals mainly work in the greater Belém (71.2%), in hospitals (100%) or in private clinics or offices (94.9%), performing a wide range of procedures, including venous and arterial surgery, amputations, and provision of hemodialysis access. More than 90% of these surgeons were satisfied professionally and reported that they would choose the specialty again. However, 22% had a pessimistic view of the specialty’s future. The vast majority of professionals (96.6%) consider that training or a continuing education program are necessary.

scholarly journals Validating Screening Questionnaires for Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders against Clinical Interviews in 8 to 17-Year-Old Syrian Refugee Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona McEwen ◽  
Patricia Moghames ◽  
Tania Bosqui ◽  
Vanessa Kyrillos ◽  
Nicolas Chehade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Screening Questionnaires ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Syrian children affected by the civil war are at increased risk of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and externalizing behaviour problems. Screening questionnaires are designed to identify individual children who require further assessment and treatment, and also estimate the need for mental health services in a population. However, few questionnaires have been rigorously tested in this population. This study examined the reliability and validity of questionnaires for depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, CES-DC, self-report, 10-item version), anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, SCARED, self-report, 18-item version), PTSD (Child PTSD Symptom Scale, CPSS, self-report), and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ, parent-report version) in a population sample of 8-17 year old Syrian children living in Informal Tented Settlements (ITS) in the Beqaa region of Lebanon. In addition, several ways of measuring functional impairment due to mental health problems were compared. These included self- and parent-report questionnaires (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS-Child; SDQ Impact supplement, parent-report only) and an interviewer rating of severity (Clinical Global Impression–severity, CGI-s). Questionnaires were translated into Arabic and modified based on pilot testing with Syrian children. Responses from N=1006 children and caregivers were used for analysis, a subset of whom had additional clinical interview data (MINI KID + clinical judgement; N=119). The self-report questionnaires showed good internal consistency reliability with alpha&gt;.80, though the parent-report SDQ and WHODAS-Child fell below this level. In terms of validity, the SDQ externalizing scale performed well in differentiating children with conduct problems from those without and it was possible to achieve a fair balance between sensitivity (82%) and specificity (71%). The CES-DC, CPSS, SDQ total difficulties, and WHODAS-Child (selfreport) achieved an acceptable level of validity, though it was harder to achieve a good balance between sensitivity and specificity. In most cases, at least 50% of those screening positive were false positives, meaning that a more in-depth follow up assessment would be required if these tools were used as screeners in a clinical setting. Furthermore, correctionwould be needed if used to estimate prevalence rates for mental disorders in this population. There was moderate convergent validity between measures of functional impairment, with self-report WHODAS-Child showing greater agreement with interviewer ratings when compared to parent-report measures (WHODAS and SDQ Impact). Measuring functional impairment and distress due to mental health problems should help to differentiate children with clinically significant mental health problems from those with subthreshold problems; however, more work will be required to establish how helpful the tools used here are in achieving that aim.

scholarly journals Associations between inattention and impulsivity ADHD symptoms and disordered eating risk in a community sample of young adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. Martin ◽  
C. T. Dourish ◽  
R. Hook ◽  
S. R. Chamberlain ◽  
S. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and trait impulsivity have been associated with disordered eating but are seldom assessed in community studies, or longitudinally and little is known about the mediating mechanisms. Methods We tested associations between ADHD symptoms and disordered eating cross-sectionally and between trait impulsivity and disordered eating longitudinally. We utilised data from a normative cohort of young adults (642 participants: 65% female, Mage = 23 years). Participants were classified as high risk or low risk for disordered eating using the SCOFF instrument. In the first two steps of both cross-sectional and longitudinal hierarchical logistic regression models, demographics and covariates were entered. For the cross-sectional regression, Adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) scores, separated into inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, were entered in the third step. In a separate longitudinal model, Barratt impulsivity scale subscales (attentional, motor and non-planning impulsivity) were entered in the third step. Depression, as assessed by the moods and feelings questionnaire (MFQ), was examined as a mediator. Results Cross-sectionally, sex, MFQ score and inattentive symptoms predicted disordered eating risk (model R2 = 20%). Longitudinally, sex, MFQ score and attentional impulsivity predicted disordered eating risk (model R2 = 16%). The relationship between inattentive symptoms and the disordered eating risk was partially mediated by MFQ score, whereas the relationship between attentional impulsivity and the disordered eating risk was fully mediated by MFQ scores. Conclusions These data highlight (1) a specific role for inattentive symptoms of ADHD and (2) the importance of both depression and impulsivity in predicting eating disorder risk.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Children and Adolescents’ Active Travel in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Costa ◽  
Manolis Adamakis ◽  
Wesley O’Brien ◽  
João Martins
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Study Designs

There appears to be a lack of existing data that comprehensively summarizes the evidence of children and adolescents’ active travel in the Republic of Ireland. In lieu of this, a scoping review was conducted to map the existing literature (2000–2020) on children and adolescents’ active travel in the Republic of Ireland. A scoping review design extracted a total of 19 publications, which show a consistent focus on the identified population’s active travel patterns, mainly to and from school, mostly self-report and cross-sectional research study designs; however, there are few longitudinal data, intervention and participatory studies. Key issues from these identified scoping review studies are discussed with the potential to better inform policy makers, practitioners and researchers to delineate programmes and strategies for promoting active travel among children and adolescents in the Republic of Ireland.

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