scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Children and Adolescents’ Active Travel in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Costa ◽  
Manolis Adamakis ◽  
Wesley O’Brien ◽  
João Martins
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Study Designs

There appears to be a lack of existing data that comprehensively summarizes the evidence of children and adolescents’ active travel in the Republic of Ireland. In lieu of this, a scoping review was conducted to map the existing literature (2000–2020) on children and adolescents’ active travel in the Republic of Ireland. A scoping review design extracted a total of 19 publications, which show a consistent focus on the identified population’s active travel patterns, mainly to and from school, mostly self-report and cross-sectional research study designs; however, there are few longitudinal data, intervention and participatory studies. Key issues from these identified scoping review studies are discussed with the potential to better inform policy makers, practitioners and researchers to delineate programmes and strategies for promoting active travel among children and adolescents in the Republic of Ireland.

scholarly journals AB1334-HPR BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA): A SCOPING REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1955.2-1955
Author(s):  
K. O Donoghue ◽  
L. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Barriers

Background:Physical activity is an important aspect in the management of JIA (1). However physical activity levels are low in this population (2). Limited research has been conducted to identify definitive barriers and facilitators to physical activity in children and adolescents who have JIA.Objectives:The objective of this scoping review was to identify the common barriers and facilitators to physical activity in JIA.Methods:Original studies, either quantitative or qualitative, including participants with a diagnosis of JIA, who were under 18 years of age were included. Two independent reviewers carried out a search of the literature and full text reviews of papers to determine eligibility for inclusion. The Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP), Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) and Downs and Black critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of the included research articles.Results:Eighteen studies were included in the review. The included studies were of a variety of low, moderate and high quality. The synthesis of the data identified pain to be the most common barrier and the modification of physical activities to the need of the individual to be the most common facilitator to physical activity in JIA.Conclusion:Identifying the most common barriers and facilitators to physical activity allows clinicians to apply better management strategies when treating an individual with JIA. Our findings demonstrate the need for further research in this area to assist increasing physical activity participation for children and adolescents who have JIA.References:[1]Kuntze, G., Nesbitt, C., Whittaker, J.L., Nettel-Aguirre, A., Toomey, C., Esau, S., Doyle-Baker, P.K., Shank, J., Brooks, J., Benseler, S., Emery, C.A. (2018) ‘Exercise Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’,Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(1), 178-193[2]Bos, G.J.F.J., Lelieveld, O.T.H.M., Armbrust, W., Sauer, P.J.J., Geertzen, J.H.B., Dijkstra, P.U. (2016) ‘Physical activity in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis compared to controls’, Pediatric Rheumatology, 14(1), 42.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Depressive Risk among Italian Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Children and Adolescents during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Serra ◽  
Anna Presicci ◽  
Luigi Quaranta ◽  
Maria Rosaria Erminia Urbano ◽  
Lucia Marzulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Parent Version

Abstract Background Children and adolescents and low-income individuals are considered particularly vulnerable for mental health implications during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Depression is one of the most frequent negative emotional responses during an epidemic outbreak, mainly due to the imposed restriction of social contacts. We aimed to assess depressive symptomatology in a sample of Italian low-income minors and to determine if pandemic-related stressors and pre-existing neuropsychiatric diagnoses would behave as risk factors for depressive symptoms. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study during July 2020, at the end of the Italian first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. We recruited 109 Italian socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adolescents, from 7 to 17 years. We used an online survey to collect socio-demographic and clinical data and information about pandemic-related stressors, and to assess depressive symptoms with the Children’s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2), Parent Version (Emotional Problems subscale) and Self-Report Short Form. We performed logistic regression analysis to assess the association between depressive symptoms and potential risk factors for mental health. Results 22% and 14% of participants showed depressive symptoms at the CDI 2 Parent Version and Self-Report, respectively. Participants coming from families experiencing a lack of basic supplies during the pandemic (34.9%) were more expected to show depressive symptoms at CDI 2 Parent Version. Participants with a pre-existing neuropsychiatric diagnosis (26.6%) were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms measured by CDI 2 Parent Version. Conclusions The results of our study may be representative of a particular group of frail subjects, the socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adolescents, who were more vulnerable to depressive symptoms if they suffered from a paucity of essential supplies during the pandemic or had pre-existing neurodevelopmental disorders. The promotion of educational and child-care programs and activities could be crucial in sustaining the prevention of mental distress in those frail subjects who particularly need support outside the family.

Magnetic resonance imaging studies on autism and childhood-onset schizophrenia in children and adolescents – a review

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Bertine Lahuis ◽  
Chantal Kemner ◽  
Herman Van Engeland
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Study Designs

Objective:To find out whether the neurodevelopmental disorders autism and childhood-onset schizophrenia have a common developmental pathway and whether the abnormalities detected are ‘disorder-specific’, by reviewing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.Methods:As a result of a Medline search, we were able to access 28 studies on autism and 12 studies on childhood-onset schizophrenia, which focused on children and adolescents.Results:Larger lateral ventricles were found to be a common abnormality in both disorders. ‘Disorder-specific’ abnormalities in patients with autism were larger brains, a larger thalamic area, and a smaller right cingulate gyrus. Subjects with childhood-onset schizophrenia were found to have smaller brains, a smaller amygdalum and thalamus, and a larger nucleus caudatus. In subjects with childhood-onset schizophrenia, abnormalities appeared to progress over a limited period of time.Conclusions:Because the study designs varied so much, the results should be interpreted cautiously. Before abnormalities found in the disorders can be designated as equal or ‘disorder-specific’, it will be essential to perform large longitudinal and cross-sectional follow-up studies.

scholarly journals Low levels of chemsex among men who have sex with men, but high levels of risk among men who engage in chemsex: analysis of a cross-sectional online survey across four countries

Sexual Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Frankis ◽  
Paul Flowers ◽  
Lisa McDaid ◽  
Adam Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
First Time

Background This paper establishes the prevalence of chemsex drug use among men who have sex with men (MSM), the extent to which these drugs are used in a sexual context, as well as their associated behaviours and circumstances of use. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional, online survey of 2328 MSM recruited via gay sociosexual media in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland were analysed. Results: While almost half (48.8%) of participants had ever taken illicit drugs, lifetime chemsex drug use was less common (18.0%) and far fewer reported chemsex drug use in the last year (8.2%) or last 4 weeks (3.0%). Just over one-quarter (27.1%) of men who used chemsex drugs in the last year reported no sexualised drug use, but almost three-quarters (72.9%) did. Only 6.1% of the whole sample reported sexualised chemsex drug use in the last year. The odds of reporting chemsex in the last year were significantly higher for men aged 36–45 years (AOR = 1.96), single men (AOR = 1.83), men who were HIV positive (AOR = 4.01), men who report high-risk sex (AOR = 4.46), being fisted (AOR = 7.77) or had sex in exchange for goods other than money (AOR = 4.7) in the last year and men who reported an HIV test in the last 3 months (AOR = 1.53). Discussion: Only a small proportion of MSM in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland reported chemsex, and, for the first time, it is demonstrated that not all chemsex drug use was sexualised. Nevertheless, MSM who engage in chemsex (MWEC) reported substantial sexual risk inequalities. These novel findings highlight several opportunities for intervention, particularly around the multiple vulnerabilities of MWEC, opportunities for early identification of those most vulnerable to chemsex-related harm and the potential to develop a specialised responsive patient pathway.

scholarly journals Methods in Experimental Work Break Research: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3844
Author(s):  
André Scholz ◽  
Johannes Wendsche ◽  
Argang Ghadiri ◽  
Usha Singh ◽  
Theo Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Work Breaks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Study Designs

The number of studies on work breaks and the importance of this subject is growing rapidly, with research showing that work breaks increase employees’ wellbeing and performance and workplace safety. However, comparing the results of work break research is difficult since the study designs and methods are heterogeneous and there is no standard theoretical model for work breaks. Based on a systematic literature search, this scoping review included a total of 93 studies on experimental work break research conducted over the last 30 years. This scoping review provides a first structured evaluation regarding the underlying theoretical framework, the variables investigated, and the measurement methods applied. Studies using a combination of measurement methods from the categories “self-report measures,” “performance measures,” and “physiological measures” are most common and to be preferred in work break research. This overview supplies important information for ergonomics researchers allowing them to design work break studies with a more structured and stronger theory-based approach. A standard theoretical model for work breaks is needed in order to further increase the comparability of studies in the field of experimental work break research in the future.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards and beliefs about nutrition and health among a random sample of adults in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5a) ◽  
pp. 1117-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Kearney ◽  
Michael J Gibney ◽  
Barbara E Livingstone ◽  
Paula J Robson ◽  
Mairead Kiely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic

AbstractObjectivesFor effective healthy eating promotion, it is necessary to understand the attitudes towards and beliefs about nutrition of the general public. The objective of this study was to provide data on attitudes towards eating a healthy diet and the perceived need to alter eating habits from a random sample of adults in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland, using a self-administered questionnaire.DesignCross-sectional survey using a self-administered attitudinal questionnaire on beliefs and attitudes to healthy eating.SettingThe survey was carried out between October 1997 and October 1999 in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland.SubjectsA randomly selected sample of 1256 adults from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland completed the attitudinal questionnaire.ResultsA majority of subjects (62%) perceived that they make conscious efforts to eat a healthy diet either most of the time or quite often, while just over half (52%) agreed that they do not need to make changes to their diet as it is healthy enough. Subjects most likely to make conscious efforts to try to eat a healthy diet were females, older subjects (51-64 years) and those with the highest intakes of fruit and vegetables and lowest quartile of fat (% food energy). When self-assessed adequacy of fruit and vegetables was examined, two-thirds of the total sample felt they ate too little fruit while just one-third felt they ate too little vegetables.ConclusionResults of the present study, in general, revealed good agreement between attitude and behaviour with respect to healthy eating. This suggests that people appear to be reasonably accurate at evaluating their own diet in terms of how healthy it is. In terms of the two food groups examined in this study, some optimistic bias was evident for vegetables but not for fruit. It may be useful therefore to assess attitudes and beliefs about healthy eating by way of examining attitudes to such food groups individually.

scholarly journals Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Orla McBride ◽  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Thanos Karatzias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Temporary Closure

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland precipitated the temporary closure of all non-essential services and a nationwide quarantine as of March 27th, 2020. This study represents the first assessment of the mental health of the nation during the initial phase of the COVID-19 response, as part of a multi-wave investigation into the social, behavioural, and psychological impact of the pandemic.Aims: First, estimate prevalence rates of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and combined anxiety and depression, and identify risk factors associated with screening positive for anxiety/depression. Second, determine if COVID-19-related anxiety was highest amongst those identified with the greatest mortality risk from the virus. Method: Self-report data from a nationally representative Irish sample (N = 1,041) was collected online between March 31 and April 5; the first week of the Republic of Ireland’s nationwide quarantine measures. Results: A substantial proportion of people screened positive for depression (22.77%), generalized anxiety (20.00%), and anxiety/depression (27.67%). Screening positive for anxiety/depression was associated with younger age, female sex, loss of income due to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection, and higher perceived risk of COVID-19 infection. Citizens aged 65 and older reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety than adults aged 18-34. Sex, underlying health conditions, and proximity to COVID-19 deaths were not associated with COVID-19 anxiety.Conclusions: Government responses to the current pandemic should ensure that measures protect not only the population’s physical health, but its mental health also, as an equally important component of health and wellbeing.

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