scholarly journals Parental depression and offspring psychopathology: a Children of Twins study

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1385-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Singh ◽  
B. M. D'Onofrio ◽  
W. S. Slutske ◽  
E. Turkheimer ◽  
R. E. Emery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Parental Depression ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Disruptive Disorders ◽  
Children Of Twins ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Shared Genetic

BackgroundAssociations between parental depression and offspring affective and disruptive disorders are well documented. Few genetically informed studies have explored the processes underlying intergenerational associations.MethodA semi-structured interview assessing DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders was administered to twins (n=1296) from the Australian Twin Register (ATR), their spouses (n=1046) and offspring (n=2555). We used the Children of Twins (CoT) design to delineate the extent to which intergenerational associations were consistent with a causal influence or due to genetic confounds.ResultsIn between-family analyses, parental depression was associated significantly with offspring depression [hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.93] and conduct disorder (CD; HR 2.27, CI 1.31–3.93). Survival analysis indicated that the intergenerational transmission of depression is consistent with a causal (environmental) inference, with a significant intergenerational association in offspring of discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (HR 1.39, CI 1.00–1.94). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the parental depression–offspring CD association was due to shared genetic liability in the parents and offspring. No intergenerational association was found when comparing the offspring of discordant MZ twins [odds ratio (OR) 1.41, CI 0.63–3.14], but offspring of discordant dizygotic (DZ) twins differed in their rates of CD (OR 2.53, CI 0.95–6.76). All findings remained after controlling for several measured covariates, including history of depression and CD in the twins' spouses.ConclusionsThe mechanisms underlying associations between parental depression and offspring psychopathology seem to differ depending on the outcome. The results are consistent with a causal environmental role of parental depression in offspring depression whereas common genetic factors account for the association of parental depression and offspring CD.

Cocaine use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of female twins

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Carol A. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Population Based Registry ◽  
Twin Resemblance

BackgroundAlthough cocaine use in women has increased substantially over the past half-century, we understand little about the aetiology in women of cocaine use and abuse, and know almost nothing about the role of genetic factors.MethodWe obtained by telephone interview a history of lifetime cocaine use, abuse and dependence from 1934 individual twins from female–female pairs ascertained through a population-based registry, including both members of 485 monozygotic (MZ) and 335 dizygotic (DZ) pairs.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime cocaine use, abuse and dependence were 14.0%, 3.3% and 2.3%. Probandwise concordance rates, in MZ and DZ twins, respectively, were: cocaine use 54% and 42%; cocaine abuse 47% and 8% and cocaine dependence 35% and 0%. In MZ and DZ twins, odds ratios were: cocaine use 14.2 and 6.7 and cocaine abuse 40.8 and 2.7. Biometrical model-fitting suggested that twin resemblance for liability to cocaine use was due to both genetic and familial–environmental factors while twin resemblance for cocaine abuse and symptoms of dependence was due solely to genetic factors. Estimated heritabilities were: cocaine use 0.39, cocaine abuse 0.79 and symptoms of dependence 0.65.ConclusionsThe vulnerability to cocaine use and particularly cocaine abuse and dependence in women is substantially influenced by genetic factors.

Impact of Maternal Early Life Maltreatment and Maternal History of Depression on Child Psychopathology: Mediating Role of Maternal Sensitivity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Bödeker ◽  
Anna Fuchs ◽  
Daniel Führer ◽  
Dorothea Kluczniok ◽  
Katja Dittrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

scholarly journals STUDIES ON HYPOPROTEINEMIA. II. FAMILIAL IDIOPATHIC DYSPROTEINEMIA

Blood ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. HOMBURGER ◽  
M. L. PETERMANN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Thoracic Cage ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protein Components

Abstract 1. A new syndrome, idiopathic familial dysproteinemia, is described in 4 adult members of one generation, in 2 of their paternal uncles and in 4 members of the second generation. The syndrome is characterized by hypoproteinemia and/or abnormalities in the electrophoretic patterns of the blood plasma (dysproteinemia). These are accompanied in the adult by peripheral vascular changes (ulcers of the legs in the men, low oscillometric indices in the women) and edema. There are also malformations of the thoracic cage and of the occipital hair distribution in some of the cases. 2. The idiopathic nature of the disease was ascertained in some of the patients by study of the nutritional history, of the renal, hepatic and adrenal functions, and of the response to a high-protein diet under controlled conditions. 3. In one case detailed studies of the mechanisms of plasma protein regulation resulted in findings that indicate a disturbance in the production of certain protein components. The disappearance rate of injected albumin and the rate of replacement of acutely withdrawn plasma protein were normal. 4. The clinical and physio-pathologic significance of this syndrome and the possible role of genetic factors are discussed.

scholarly journals Gangguan Depresi Mayor: Mini Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indriono Hadi ◽  
Fitri Wijayanti ◽  
Reni Devianti Usman ◽  
Lilin Rosyanti
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Usual Activity ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
History Of Depression

Depression is a condition of a person feeling sad, disappointed when experiencing a change, loss, failure and becoming pathological when unable to adapt. Depression is a condition that affects a person affectively, physiologically, cognitively and behaviorally thus changing the usual patterns and responses. Major Depressive Disorder is a heterogeneous disease characterized by feelings of depression, anhedonia, changes in cognitive function, changes in sleep, changes in appetite, guilt that occur over two weeks, described with a loss of interest or pleasure in the usual activity and is a disease with neurobiological consequences involving structural, functional and molecular changes in some areas of the brain. Maladaptive neural responses, social, psychological, and physiological rejections interact with each other with other susceptibility factors, such as a history of depression, life stress levels, genetic factors, will increase a person's susceptibility to depression. Catatan PenerbitPolekkes Kemenkes Kendari menyatakan tetap netral sehubungan dengan klaim dari perspektif atau buah pikiran yang diterbitkan dan dari afiliasi institusional manapun.

Revisiting the Children of Twins: Can They Be Used to Resolve the Environmental Effects of Dyadic Parental Treatment on Child Behavior?

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
Judy L. Silberg ◽  
Hermine H. Maes
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Adoption Study ◽  
Children Of Twins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parental Treatment ◽  
Mz Twins

AbstractThe children of twins (COT) design has been proposed as an alternative to the adoption study to resolve the direct effects of parental treatment from secondary parent–child association due to genetic factors. The basic analytical approach compares the parent–offspring correlation with the correlation between children and the monozygotic (MZ) twins of their parents. We show that a significant difference between these correlations does not imply direct environmental causality when the measured parental treatment in question is dyadic, that is, influenced by both parents even when mating is random. Nongenetic causal effects yield very similar patterns of correlation to secondary genetic effects on dyadic treatment variables. The fact that many candidate environments, such as parental divorce, are dyadic gives reason to question the interpretation of their correlations with behavior in the children of twins.

scholarly journals Elevated IL-1α and CXCL10 Serum Levels Occur in Patients with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease and a History of Acute Splenic Sequestration

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Driss ◽  
Nana O. Wilson ◽  
Karlene Mason ◽  
Hyacinth I. Hyacinth ◽  
Jacqueline M. Hibbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Splenic Sequestration ◽  
Luminex Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Cytokines ◽  
Normal Controls

Acute splenic sequestration (ASS) and chronic hypersplenism are common features of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease in the first 5 years of life affecting one-third of subjects in the Jamaican Cohort Study. The risk factors are largely unknown and the current study explores a possible role of genetic factors. We have explored these in subjects who received splenectomy in the management of ASS (n=8) or chronic hypersplenism (n=9) along with age, gender, and genotype matched controls using Luminex Technology to assess 42 human cytokines/chemokines, including IL-1α and CXCL10 (IP-10). Levels of IL-1α (p=0.008) and CXCL10 (p=0.009) were significantly elevated in patients treated by splenectomy compared with the control group. Levels of IL-1α were significantly higher in those with a history of ASS compared with matched normal controls (p=0.028) but not in those treated for hypersplenism (p=0.093). Furthermore, several significant differences were found in the median ratios of some cytokine biomarkers between the splenectomized group and the normal controls. These observations are consistent with acute splenic sequestration having a distinct phenotype which may be helpful in predicting those at risk of this complication and suggest that the mechanism of these differences merit further study.

The role of self-compassion in lifetime history of depression: A study in Portuguese pregnant women

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S416-S417
Author(s):  
E. Bento ◽  
S. Xavier ◽  
J. Azevedo ◽  
M. Marques ◽  
M.J. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
History Of Depression

IntroductionAlthough self-compassion has been pointed as an effective strategy for coping with depression, there are not any studies investigating its association with lifetime history of depression (LTHD).ObjectiveTo compare self-compassion levels in pregnant women with vs. without LTHD and to analyze if self-compassion dimensions are significant predictors of LTHD.MethodsFour hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women with a mean age of 33 years (±4.785) in their second trimester of pregnancy completed the Self Compassion Scale validated for pregnancy (SCS; Bento et al., 2015) and a new self-report questionnaire to evaluate the presence of LTHD according to DSM-5 criteria for depression.ResultsNinety-seven (23.0%) women had LTHD. Bisserial Spearmen correlations between LTHD and SCS total score were significant, negative and moderate (r = –0.31). SCS subscales, except Common Humanity, showed significant correlations: Self-Kindness/SK (r = –0.130), self-judgement (SJ) (0.313), isolation (0.357), mindfulness (r = –0.102), over-identification (OI) (r = 0.393). Independent sample t tests revealed that women with vs. without LTHD had significantly lower levels of total SCS, SK and Mindfulness scores and higher levels of SJ, Isolation and OI.Logistic regression (assumptions were fulfilled, Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007) showed that the SCS explained 26.7%–43.6% of the LTHD variance and correctly classified 86.9%; the odds ratio (OR) was.865 (95% CI 0.834–0.898; P < 0.001). The model composed by the correlated dimensions explained 15.9%–24.0% and correctly classified 80.6%. Odds ratios: SK = 0.017; SJ = 0.021; isolation = 16.027; mindfulness = 0.167 and OI = 20.178 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsSelf-compassion, specifically the ability to treat oneself with care and understanding and to be aware and accepting one's present-moment experiences, decrease the probability of having LTHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Migraine and Antiphospholipid Antibodies: No Association Found in Migraine-Discordant Monozygotic Twins

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
FMK Williams ◽  
LF Cherkas ◽  
ML Bertolaccini ◽  
V Murru ◽  
GL Surdulescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibody ◽  
Mz Twins

Migraine headache (with and without aura) is common in the general population and is known to be influenced by genetic factors with heritability estimates between 34-57±. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a hypercoagulable state characterized by clinical features including venous and arterial thromboses, pregnancy loss and migraine, and by association with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Numerous small studies have investigated whether aPL are associated with migraine in the general population—-with contradictory results. In this study, the question was addressed by studying the prevalence of aPL in members of monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs differing in their migraine status. Such twins provide a unique natural experiment, matched as they are for age, sex and genetic factors, and allow the role of environmental factors, such as aPL, to be determined. Despite 95± power to detect a difference of 0.59 IgG units per litre in anticardiolipin antibody IgG titres, no difference in prevalence of aPL could be detected in migraine-discordant MZ twins.

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