Obese youths are not more likely to become depressed, but depressed youths are more likely to become obese

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2143-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Roberts ◽  
H. T. Duong
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundOverweight/obesity and depression are both major public health problems among adolescents. However, the question of a link between overweight/obesity and depression remains unresolved in this age group. We examined whether obesity increases risk of depression, or depression increases risk of obesity, or whether there is a reciprocal effect.MethodA two-wave prospective cohort study of adolescents aged 11–17 years at baseline (n = 4175) followed up a year later (n = 3134) sampled from the Houston metropolitan area. Overweight was defined as 95th percentile >body mass index (BMI) ⩽85th percentile and obese as BMI >95th percentile. Three indicators of depression were examined: any DSM-IV mood disorder, major depression, and symptoms of depression.ResultsData for the two-wave cohort indicated no evidence of reciprocal effects between weight and depression. Weight status predicted neither major depression nor depressive symptoms. However, mood disorders generally and major depression in particular increased risk of future obesity more than twofold. Depressed males had a sixfold increased risk of obesity. Females with depressive symptoms had a marginally increased risk of being overweight but not obese.ConclusionsOur findings, combined with those of recent meta-analyses, suggest that obese youths are not more likely to become depressed but that depressed youths are more likely to become obese.

Predictors of Recovery From Major Depression Among Geriatric Psychiatry Inpatients: The Importance of Caregivers' Beliefs

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin J. Casten ◽  
Barry W. Rovner ◽  
Yochi Shmuely-Dulitzki ◽  
Rona E. Pasternak ◽  
Rodney Pelchat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Geriatric Psychiatry ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Electroconvulsive Treatment ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Course Of Depression

Caregiver support is an important factor in recovery from depression among older patients. We examined whether caregivers' perceptions regarding patients' ability to control depressive symptoms were related to depression recovery. Depression treatment, demographics, number of depressive symptoms, and health were controlled. The sample comprised 51 geriatric psychiatry inpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for major depression and who had a primary caregiver. Depression was assessed at both admission and discharge. Caregivers were asked to indicate whether they believed their patient-relatives could control their depressive symptoms. At discharge, 33 patients (64.7%) were “remitted” and 18 (35.3%) were “nonremitted.” Multivariate analyses indicated that receiving electroconvulsive treatment, having fewer depressive symptoms caregivers perceived to be within patient control, and being female predicted depression remission at discharge. This study highlights the important relationship between family dynamics and course of depression.

Response of Depressive Symptoms to Nortriptyline, Phenelzine and Placebo

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Georgotas ◽  
Robert E. Mccue ◽  
Eitan Friedman ◽  
Thomas B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Diurnal Variation Of Mood ◽  
Better Than

The effects of nortriptyline, phenelzine, and placebo on 13 symptoms of depression were compared in 75 patients, aged 55 or over, who were suffering from major depression. Nortriptyline and phenelzine were more effective than placebo in treating depression mood, guilt feelings, suicidal ideation, agitation, anxiety, loss of energy, and a.m. diurnal variation of mood. Nortriptyline was better than phenelzine or placebo in improving middle/late insomnia. Most of the symptoms did not show significant improvement until the fourth week of treatment.

scholarly journals Diet, weight status, and physical activity in cancer prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Slimane Mehdad ◽  
Saida Mansour ◽  
Hassan Aguenaou ◽  
Khalid Taghzouti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Cancer is a multifactorial disease involving individual, behavioral and environmental factors that can contribute to its onset. More than 40% of cancers are estimated to be attributable to avoidable risk factors, particularly diet, physical activity, weight status, and alcohol consumption. Aim: To provide insight into the role of weight status, diet, and physical activity in cancer causation and prevention, and to highlight evidence-based recommendations. Material and methods: A literature review of published studies, particularly recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large prospective studies was conducted using PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Results: There is evidence that diets high in red and processed meats, fat and refined carbohydrates, and low in plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, high consumption of alcohol, overweight/obesity, and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk of tumor development and progression. Therefore, the current recommendations for cancer prevention are based on: (1) eating at least five portions (400g) of vegetables (3 portions) and fruits (2 portions); (2) limiting the consumption of alcohol and unhealthy foods such as red and processed meats, energy-dense foods, and trans-fatty acids; (3) maintaining a healthy weight status; and (4) being at least moderately physically active. Conclusion: While a balanced diet, as defined by the recommendations, can help reduce the risk of certain cancers, no single food can prevent the development of this pathology. The term "anticancer" associated with diet is therefore misleading. Several nutritional factors are associated with an increase or a decrease in the risk of certain cancers. Adopting a healthy and plant-based diets, avoiding overweight/obesity, and being physically active are considered as cornerstones of preventive strategies against cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the associations between dietary and lifestyle patterns and cancer. Keywords: Cancer, Diet, Weight status, Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity.

scholarly journals Diet, weight status, and physical activity in cancer prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Slimane Mehdad ◽  
Saida Mansour ◽  
Hassan Aguenaou ◽  
Khalid Taghzouti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Cancer is a multifactorial disease involving individual, behavioral and environmental factors that can contribute to its onset. More than 40% of cancers are estimated to be attributable to avoidable risk factors, particularly diet, physical activity, weight status, and alcohol consumption. Aim: To provide insight into the role of weight status, diet, and physical activity in cancer causation and prevention, and to highlight evidence-based recommendations. Material and methods: A literature review of published studies, particularly recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large prospective studies was conducted using PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Results: There is evidence that diets high in red and processed meats, fat and refined carbohydrates, and low in plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, high consumption of alcohol, overweight/obesity, and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk of tumor development and progression. Therefore, the current recommendations for cancer prevention are based on: (1) eating at least five portions (400g) of vegetables (3 portions) and fruits (2 portions); (2) limiting the consumption of alcohol and unhealthy foods such as red and processed meats, energy-dense foods, and trans-fatty acids; (3) maintaining a healthy weight status; and (4) being at least moderately physically active. Conclusion: While a balanced diet, as defined by the recommendations, can help reduce the risk of certain cancers, no single food can prevent the development of this pathology. The term "anticancer" associated with diet is therefore misleading. Several nutritional factors are associated with an increase or a decrease in the risk of certain cancers. Adopting a healthy and plant-based diets, avoiding overweight/obesity, and being physically active are considered as cornerstones of preventive strategies against cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the associations between dietary and lifestyle patterns and cancer. ​Keywords: Cancer, Diet, Weight status, Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity.

Early increase in vegetative symptoms predicts IFN-α-induced cognitive-depressive changes

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. WICHERS ◽  
G. H. KOEK ◽  
G. ROBAEYS ◽  
A. J. PRAAMSTRA ◽  
M. MAES
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Depressive Cognitions ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Background. The vegetative symptoms of depression resemble the symptoms of malaise associated with activation of the inflammatory response system (IRS), and can be regarded as an expression of a central motivational state that resets the organism's priorities to promote recovery from infection. Early vegetative symptoms, however, may also contribute to the high rates of depression seen later in the course of immune activation. We hypothesized that the onset of vegetative-depressive symptoms early in the treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-α in chronic hepatitis C patients would increase the risk for subsequent depressive cognitions.Method. Sixteen patients eligible for IFN-α treatment and free of psychiatric disorders were recruited. The DSM-IV, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, and the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were administered at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after treatment was initiated. Cognitive-depressive and vegetative-depressive symptom clusters were constructed.Results. Fatigue and depression scores increased significantly during IFN-α treatment. Depression scores were highest at week 8 of treatment. First week increase in vegetative-depressive symptom score predicted cognitive-depressive symptom score at week 8 and at week 24.Conclusions. During IFN-α treatment, vegetative symptoms of depression appear earlier than, and are predictive of, their cognitive counterparts. This finding suggests that low mood state may in part be driven by the increase in early vegetative-depressive symptoms in the course of IFN-α-induced immune activation.

What Is IPT?

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The People ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

IPT is a time-limited, specified psychotherapy developed initially for patients with major depressive disorder and later adapted for other disorders as well. IPT is based on the idea that the symptoms of depression have multiple causes, genetic and environmental. Whatever the causes, however, depression does not arise in a vacuum. Depressive symptoms are usually associated with something going on in the patient’s current personal life, usually in association with people the patient feels close to. The goals of IPT are to reduce the symptoms of depression and to help the patient deal better with the people and life situations associated with the onset of symptoms. This chapter provides an overview of the underlying theory and discusses the concepts and goals of this treatment. The types of depression are defined: major depression, MDD, dysthymic (persistent depressive) disorder, bipolar disorder, and mild depression.

scholarly journals Cognitive/affective and somatic/affective symptoms of depression in patients with heart disease and their association with cardiovascular prognosis: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 2689-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. de Miranda Azevedo ◽  
A. M. Roest ◽  
P. W. Hoen ◽  
P. de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Cardiovascular Prognosis ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundSeveral prospective longitudinal studies have suggested that somatic/affective depressive symptoms, but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms, are related to prognosis in patients with heart disease, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of cognitive/affective and somatic/affective symptoms of depression with cardiovascular prognosis in patients with heart disease using a meta-analytic perspective.MethodA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and PsycInfo. Thirteen prospective studies on symptom dimensions of depression and cardiovascular prognosis fulfilled the inclusion criteria, providing data on a total of 11 128 subjects. The risk estimates for each dimension of depressive symptoms, demographic and methodological variables were extracted from the included articles.ResultsIn least-adjusted analyses, both the somatic/affective [hazard ratio (HR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–1.41, p < 0.001] and cognitive/affective (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.15, p = 0.05) dimensions of depressive symptoms were associated with cardiovascular prognosis. In fully adjusted analyses, somatic/affective symptoms were significantly associated with adverse prognosis (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.29, p < 0.001) but cognitive/affective symptoms were not (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97–1.12, p = 0.25). An increase of one standard deviation (±1 s.d.) in the scores of the somatic/affective dimension was associated with a 32% increased risk of adverse outcomes (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17–1.48, p < 0.001).ConclusionsSomatic/affective depressive symptoms were more strongly and consistently associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with heart disease compared with cognitive/affective symptoms. Future research should focus on the mechanisms by which somatic/affective depressive symptoms may affect cardiovascular prognosis.

The changes of social performance with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in depressed patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S375-S376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pirmoradi ◽  
B. Dolatshahi ◽  
R. Rostami ◽  
P. Mohammadkhani ◽  
A. Dadkhah
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was investigating the effectiveness of rTMS (repetitive transcranial of magnetic stimulation) on increase social performance in patients with recurrent major depression.MethodIt was used a quasi-experimental, pretest–posttest design with control group, a sample consisting of 32 patients who had depression on the basis of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, SCID and BDI-II scales and were randomly assigned to two groups.The experimental group underwent 20 sessions of rTMS as the independent factor and both groups (control & experimental) had 12-session psychotherapy and drugs treatment. Upon the intervention, both groups were tested with two tests (BDI-II & SASS). To determine the effect of the independent factor on the dependent factor of rTMS.Data were analyzed by t-test.ResultsThe comparison between pre- & posttest of all the tests showed the reduction of signs & symptoms of depression, (a = 0/05) (Beck scale P ≤ 0/001 & F = 30) and increase social performance in participants (P ≤ 0/001 & F = 83).ConclusionThe rTMS is effect in the reduction of signs & symptoms of depression and increase social functioning in recurrent major depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The risk of developing major depression among individuals with subthreshold depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lee ◽  
E. A. Stockings ◽  
M. G. Harris ◽  
S. A. R. Doi ◽  
I. S. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Subthreshold Depression ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Study Heterogeneity

AbstractBackgroundStudies have consistently shown that subthreshold depression is associated with an increased risk of developing major depression. However, no study has yet calculated a pooled estimate that quantifies the magnitude of this risk across multiple studies.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to identify longitudinal cohort studies containing data on the association between subthreshold depression and future major depression. A baseline meta-analysis was conducted using the inverse variance heterogeneity method to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of major depression among people with subthreshold depression relative to non-depressed controls. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate whether IRR estimates differed between studies categorised by age group or sample type. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to test the robustness of baseline results to several sources of study heterogeneity, such as the case definition for subthreshold depression.ResultsData from 16 studies (n= 67 318) revealed that people with subthreshold depression had an increased risk of developing major depression (IRR = 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.28–2.97). Subgroup analyses estimated similar IRRs for different age groups (youth, adults and the elderly) and sample types (community-based and primary care). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that baseline results were robust to different sources of study heterogeneity.ConclusionThe results of this study support the scaling up of effective indicated prevention interventions for people with subthreshold depression, regardless of age group or setting.

Abstract MP12: Cardiovascular Health Promoting Behaviors in Older Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schrauben ◽  
Jesse Y Hsu ◽  
Ana C Ricardo ◽  
James P Lash ◽  
Harold I Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Health Promoting

Background: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemic continues to grow, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. To modify CVD risk, CKD patients are asked to engage in health promoting behaviors. However, older patients with CKD likely face challenges to engage in healthy behaviors due to social and health factors. This study examined the relationship of social and health factors to health promoting behaviors among younger and older CKD patients and the association of these behaviors with CVD events, death, and CKD progression. Methods: Data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study were analyzed using latent class analysis (LCA) to identify health promoting behavior clusters, stratified by <65 and ≥65 years of age. LCA was based on: BMI of >20 and ≤25kg/m 2 vs. other, healthy diet vs. not, physical activity ≥150min/week vs. not, blood pressure ≤140/90mmHg vs. greater, never/past smoker vs. current, and <7.0% hemoglobin A1c vs. greater. Social factors (self-efficacy, social support, education, income, insurance) and health factors (depressive symptoms, cognition, co-morbidities) were measured by validated surveys and self-report. Logistic regression assessed the association of social and health factors to the behavior clusters. Cox proportional hazards models estimated risk of clusters to CVD events (myocardial infarction/revascularization, peripheral arterial disease, or stroke), CKD progression (incident end-stage renal disease or 50% decline in eGFR), and death from any cause. Results: All social and health factors significantly differed between age groups. Three clusters with varying levels of engagement in health promoting behaviors were identified separately among <65 and ≥65 years of age. Among <65 years, the cluster with the highest level of engagement in healthy behaviors was associated with more self-efficacy and lower depressive symptoms. In this age group, in multivariable adjusted models, the clusters with less healthy behavior engagement had a statistically significant increased risk of CVD events (32-81%), death (29-78%), and CKD progression (32-38%). Among ≥65 years, the cluster with the highest level of engagement in healthy behaviors was associated with higher self-efficacy, social support, cognition, and less depressive symptoms. In this age group, in multivariable adjusted models, the clusters with less healthy behaviors had a statistically significant 49% increased risk of death. Conclusion: This study demonstrated three clusters of health promoting behaviors that distinguish risk for CVD and other outcomes among older and younger CKD patients. These clusters could identify high-risk groups and be targeted for aggressive management. Clusters with less health promoting behaviors were associated with self-efficacy and depressive symptoms, which could serve as potential targets for intervention.

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