Cardiovascular fitness in late adolescent males and later risk of serious non-affective mental disorders: a prospective, population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nyberg ◽  
M. Henriksson ◽  
M. A. I. Åberg ◽  
A. Rosengren ◽  
M. Söderberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Future Risk

BackgroundCardiovascular fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of depression. Relationships with other mental disorders need elucidation. This study investigated whether fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of serious non-affective mental disorders. Further, we examined how having an affected brother might impact the relationship.MethodProspective, population-based cohort study of 1 109 786 Swedish male conscripts with no history of mental illness, who underwent conscription examinations at age 18 between 1968 and 2005. Cardiovascular fitness was objectively measured at conscription using a bicycle ergometer test. During the follow-up (3–42 years), incident cases of serious non-affective mental disorders (schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders, other psychotic disorders and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders) were identified through the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the influence of cardiovascular fitness at conscription and risk of serious non-affective mental disorders later in life.ResultsLow fitness was associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders [hazard ratio (HR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.61], other psychotic disorders (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27–1.56), and neurotic or stress-related and somatoform disorders (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.37–1.54). Relationships persisted in models that included illness in brothers.ConclusionsLower fitness in late adolescent males is associated with increased risk of serious non-affective mental disorders in adulthood.

scholarly journals Late-adolescent risk factors for suicide and self-harm in middle-aged men: explorative prospective population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Nyberg ◽  
Sara Gustavsson ◽  
Maria A. I. Åberg ◽  
H. Georg Kuhn ◽  
Margda Waern
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundRecent reports show alarmingly high rates of suicide in middle-aged men, yet there are few long-term prospective studies that focus on suicidal behaviour in men in this age group.AimsTo prospectively explore associations of potential risk factors at age 18 with suicide and self-harm in middle-aged men.MethodA population-based Swedish longitudinal cohort study of male conscripts with no history of self-harm at enlistment in 1968–1989 (n = 987 583). Conscription examinations included measures of cognitive performance, stress resilience, psychiatric diagnoses, body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength. Suicides and self-harm at age 45–65 years were identified in the National Hospital Register and Swedish Cause of Death Register. Risks were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsLow stress resilience (cause-specific hazard ratio CHR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.95–2.74), low cognitive ability (CHR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.71–2.37) as well as psychiatric disorders and low cardiovascular fitness in late adolescence were associated with increased risk for suicide in middle-aged men. Similar risk estimates were obtained for self-harm. In addition, high and low BMI as well as low muscle strength were associated with increased risk of self-harm. Associations also remained significant after exclusion of men with self-harm before age 45.ConclusionsThis prospective study provides life-course perspective support that psychological and physical characteristics in late adolescence may have long-lasting consequences for suicidal behaviour in middle-aged men, a very large population at heightened risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular fitness in males at age 18 and risk of serious depression in adulthood: Swedish prospective population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. I. Åberg ◽  
Margda Waern ◽  
Jenny Nyberg ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
Ylva Bergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Risk ◽  
Swedish Cohort

BackgroundStudies suggest a role for cardiovascular fitness in the prevention of affective disorders.AimsTo determine whether cardiovascular fitness at age 18 is associated with future risk of serious affective illness.MethodPopulation-based Swedish cohort study of male conscripts (n = 1 117 292) born in 1950–1987 with no history of mental illness who were followed for 3–40 years. Data on cardiovascular fitness at conscription were linked with national hospital registers to calculate future risk of depression (requiring in-patient care) and bipolar disorder.ResultsIn fully adjusted models low cardiovascular fitness was associated with increased risk for serious depression (hazard ratios (HR)=1.96, 95%, CI 1.71–2.23). No such association could be shown for bipolar disorder (HR=1.11, 95% CI 0.84–1.47).ConclusionsLower cardiovascular fitness at age 18 was associated with increased risk of serious depression in adulthood. These results strengthen the theory of a cardiovascular contribution to the aetiology of depression.

scholarly journals Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Mustonen ◽  
Solja Niemelä ◽  
Tanja Nordström ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Pirjo Mäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundThe association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis has been studied extensively but the temporal order still remains controversial.AimsTo examine the association between cannabis use in adolescence and the risk of psychosis after adjustment for prodromal symptoms and other potential confounders.MethodThe sample (n = 6534) was composed of the prospective general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986. Information on prodromal symptoms of psychosis and cannabis use was collected using questionnaires at age 15–16 years. Participants were followed up for ICD-10 psychotic disorders until age 30 years using nationwide registers.ResultsThe risk of psychosis was elevated in individuals who had tried cannabis five times or more (hazard ratio, (HR) = 6.5, 95% CI 3.0–13.9). The association remained statistically significant even when adjusted for prodromal symptoms, other substance use and parental psychosis (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0).ConclusionsAdolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis even after adjustment for baseline prodromal symptoms, parental psychosis and other substance use.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular fitness and risk of migraine: a large, prospective population-based study of Swedish young adult men

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029147
Author(s):  
Jenny Nyberg ◽  
Sara Gustavsson ◽  
Mattias Linde ◽  
N David Åberg ◽  
Jessica L Rohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Medication

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal relationship between cardiovascular fitness in young adult men and future risk of migraine and to estimate eventual differential effects among categories of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure.DesignNational, prospective, population-based cohort study.SettingSweden 1968–2014.Participants18-year-old Swedish men (n=1 819 828) who underwent mandatory military conscription examinations during the years 1968–2005.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was the first dispensation of prescribed migraine-specific medication, identified using the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The secondary outcome was documented migraine diagnosis from the Swedish National Hospital Register.ResultsDuring follow-up, 22 533 men filled a prescription for migraine-specific medication. After confounding adjustment, compared with high cardiovascular fitness, low and medium fitness increased the risk of migraine-specific medication (risk ratio (RR)low: 1.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.35; population attributable fraction: 3.6%, 95% CI 1.7% to 5.3% and RRmedium: 1.15, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.19; population attributable fraction: 8.0%, 95% CI 4.0% to 11.7%). To assess potential effect measure modification, stratified analyses of these association by levels of BMI and blood pressure showed that lower fitness levels increased risk of migraine across all groups except among underweight men or men with high diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionsYoung men with a lower cardiovascular fitness had a higher long-term risk of developing pharmacological prescription-requiring migraine. This study contributes with information regarding risk factors for migraine in men, an understudied population in migraine research.

scholarly journals Children With Appendectomy Have Increased Risk of Future Sepsis: Real-world Data in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liao Tzu-Han ◽  
Meng Che Wu ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chien-Heng Lin ◽  
James Cheng-Chung Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Future Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Backgrounds Appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. Sepsis is an major etiology of morbidity and mortality in children. Our preliminary research revealed a positive correlation among appendectomy and future risk of sepsis in adults. However, to date, the relationship among appendectomy and future risk of sepsis in children remains unknown. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship among appendectomy and hazard of future sepsis in children. Methods We applied a nationwide population-based cohort to assess whether children who received appendectomy were at increased risk of subsequent sepsis. Overall, 57261 subjects aged below 18 undergoing appendectomy as appendectomy group and 57261 matched controls were identified as non-appendectomy group from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We use propensity score analysis to match age, sex, urbanization level, and parental occupation at the ratio to 1:1. Multiple Cox regression and stratified analyses were used to appraise the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for developing sepsis in children. Results Children who received appendectomy had a 2.63 times higher risk of developing sepsis than those who did not, and the risk was even higher in children aged under 6 years. Patients with <1 year follow-up showed a 5.64-fold risk of sepsis in the appendectomy cohort. Patients with 1–4 and ≥5 years’ follow-up showed a 2.41- and 2.02-times risk of sepsis. Conclusion Appendectomy was correlative to a 2.63-fold increased future sepsis risk in children, and the risk in younger patients aged <6 years was even higher. More studies to interpret the possible biological mechanisms of the associations among sepsis and appendectomy are warrant

Increased risk of mental disorders among lifetime victims of stalking – Findings from a community study

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Kuehner ◽  
Peter Gass ◽  
Harald Dressing
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders ◽  
Stalking Victimization

AbstractPurposePopulation-based studies on the relationship between stalking and mental health outcomes in victims are scarce. The aim of the present study was to assess associations between stalking victimization and specific DSM-IV mental disorders in a community sample.MethodA postal survey was conducted in a middle-sized German city (sample size = 675). Lifetime stalking victims and non-victims were compared regarding rates of any mental disorder, comorbid mental disorders, and specific disorders assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ).ResultsVictims had a higher incidence of mental disorders and comorbid mental disorders. Sex- and age-adjusted rates of specific disorders were increased, with the most robust associations identified for major depression (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8–12.8) and panic disorder (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1–14.9). Victims also reported higher current use of psychotropic medication (20.8% versus 5.6%).ConclusionsOur study indicates substantial associations between stalking victimization and impaired mental health that can be quantified at diagnostic levels in the general population. To confirm these findings, larger community studies are needed, which also include an assessment of lifetime psychopathology and of factors potentially mediating the associations between stalking victimization and mental health.

Psychotropic drug use in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization among 95-year-olds: a population-based study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lesén ◽  
Anders Carlsten ◽  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
Margda Waern ◽  
Max Petzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Psychotropic Drug Use

ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of psychotropic drug use is high among the elderly, but research on how psychotropic drugs are used among individuals aged 90 years and older is limited. An increased knowledge on this topic may contribute to improved prescribing patterns in this vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to assess the use of psychotropic drugs in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization among 95-year-olds and to identify use of potentially inappropriate psychotropic drugs.Methods: All 95-year-olds born in 1901–1903 living in nursing homes or community settings in Gothenburg, Sweden were invited to participate. The response rate was 65% and 338 95-year-olds were examined (263 women, 75 men). Psychotropic drug use in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization was assessed. Information on drug use was collected primarily from multi-dose drug dispensing lists. Participants were examined by trained psychiatrists using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and a battery of cognitive tests. Dementia, depression, anxiety and psychotic disorders were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised (DSM-III-R).Results: Sixty percent of the 95-year-old participants used psychotropic drugs; hypnotics were most common (44%). Potentially inappropriate psychotropics were observed in one third (33%). Antidepressants were used by 7% of the participants without dementia who fulfilled criteria for a depressive disorder, while 56% used hypnotics and 30% used anxiolytics.Conclusions: The high prevalence of psychotropic drug use and the nonspecific nature of these treatments among 95-year-olds indicate a need for improvement in prescribing patterns.

Psychotic experiences as precursors in schizophrenia? Findings from a population-based sample in Germany (DEGS1-MH)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S48-S48
Author(s):  
C. Schmidt-Kraepelin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
German Health ◽  
Wide Range

There are only a few studies that have studied the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PEs) in a representative population-based sample and a broad range of age. The association and predictive role of PEs in the context of psychotic and other mental disorders remains a subject of discussion. The Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults is the first wave of a German health monitoring survey describing:– the distribution and frequency, the severity and the impairments of a wide range of mental disorders;– risk factors as well as patterns of help-seeking and health care utilization;– associations between mental and somatic disorders.A total of 4483 participants participated in the mental health section of the survey. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale and the Peter's Delusion Inventory were used to assess PEs by clinically experienced interviewers. We can confirm and extend previous findings for younger age groups that PEs are very frequent psychopathological expressions in the general population across genders and all age groups. PEs rates were elevated among those with other mental disorders, particularly among possible psychotic disorders, PTSD and affective disorders. This points to the relevant role of PEs as a marker for psychopathology and mental disorders. Future prospective studies will have to focus on specific properties of psychotic experiences such as their appraisal or underlying social influences to determine their significance for the prediction of psychotic and other mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Association of snus experimentation in late adolescence with daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood: A longitudinal study among Finnish men

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Araneda ◽  
Tellervo Korhonen ◽  
Tiina Laatikainen ◽  
Ari Haukkala ◽  
Richard J. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Increased Risk

Aims: Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) is a lower-risk tobacco product than cigarette smoking for individuals. However, the public health impact of snus use is less well studied. Critically, it is uncertain whether use of snus leads to the onset of smoking. This study aimed to investigate prospectively the association between snus experimentation in late adolescence and daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood among Finnish young men. Methods: Data were obtained from 1090 young men within the population-based FinnTwin12 cohort. At baseline (mean age 17 years), we assessed lifetime use of cigarettes and snus, plus other potential predictors of cigarette smoking. At follow-up (mean age 24 years), participants were categorized according to their current smoking status. The final analyses were conducted among 375 young men who were never smokers at baseline with adequate data on follow-up smoking status and other potential predictors of cigarette smoking. Results: Age-adjusted logistic regressions showed an increased risk of becoming a daily smoker at follow-up among those participants who had at least tried snus but had never smoked cigarettes at baseline (odds ratio (OR) 6.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02–20.7), compared with those who had never used snus. When additionally adjusted for monthly alcohol intoxication, maternal smoking, and peer drug use, the association between snus experimentation and later daily cigarette smoking was attenuated, but remained significant (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.22–12.7). Conclusions: Our data support the proposition that snus experimentation during late adolescence is longitudinally associated with daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood. Although a causal association cannot be inferred with certainty, snus experimentation might constitute an indicator of the propensity to proceed to regular snus use and initiation of use of other tobacco or nicotine products.

Cardiovascular fitness in early adulthood and future suicidal behaviour in men followed for up to 42 years

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. I. Åberg ◽  
J. Nyberg ◽  
K. Torén ◽  
A. Sörberg ◽  
H. G. Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Future Attempt ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Future Risk

BackgroundCardiovascular fitness influences many aspects of brain function. However, the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and suicidal behaviour is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether cardiovascular fitness at age 18 years is associated with future risk of suicide attempt/death.MethodWe performed a population-based Swedish longitudinal cohort study of male conscripts with no previous or ongoing mental illness (n = 1 136 527). The conscription examination, which took place during 1968–2005, included the cycle ergonometric test and tests of cognitive performance. Future risk of suicide attempt/death over a 5- to 42-year follow-up period was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models controlling for several confounders including familial factors.ResultsAt least one suicide attempt was recorded for 12 563 men. Death by suicide without a prior attempt was recorded in 4814 additional individuals. In fully adjusted models low cardiovascular fitness was associated with increased risk for future attempt/death by suicide [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–1.94]. The HR changed only marginally after exclusion of persons who received in-patient care for depression (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.61–1.94). Poor performance on both the cardiovascular fitness and cognitive tests was associated with a fivefold increased risk of suicide attempt or suicide death (HR 5.46, 95% CI 4.78–6.24).ConclusionsLower cardiovascular fitness at age 18 years was, after adjustment for a number of potential confounders, associated with an increased risk of attempt/death by suicide in adulthood. It remains to be clarified whether interventions designed to improve fitness in teens can influence the risk of suicidal behaviour later in life.

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