Increased risk of mental disorders among lifetime victims of stalking – Findings from a community study

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Kuehner ◽  
Peter Gass ◽  
Harald Dressing
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders ◽  
Stalking Victimization

AbstractPurposePopulation-based studies on the relationship between stalking and mental health outcomes in victims are scarce. The aim of the present study was to assess associations between stalking victimization and specific DSM-IV mental disorders in a community sample.MethodA postal survey was conducted in a middle-sized German city (sample size = 675). Lifetime stalking victims and non-victims were compared regarding rates of any mental disorder, comorbid mental disorders, and specific disorders assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ).ResultsVictims had a higher incidence of mental disorders and comorbid mental disorders. Sex- and age-adjusted rates of specific disorders were increased, with the most robust associations identified for major depression (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8–12.8) and panic disorder (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1–14.9). Victims also reported higher current use of psychotropic medication (20.8% versus 5.6%).ConclusionsOur study indicates substantial associations between stalking victimization and impaired mental health that can be quantified at diagnostic levels in the general population. To confirm these findings, larger community studies are needed, which also include an assessment of lifetime psychopathology and of factors potentially mediating the associations between stalking victimization and mental health.

scholarly journals Setting the scene: controversies on trends in mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Eriksson ◽  
A M Arnasson ◽  
N Lyyra ◽  
K R Madsen ◽  
T Torsheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Advanced Analysis

Abstract At present there are different positions regarding trends in adolescent mental health. Can we trust trend data on the mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries? Some question the trustworthiness of adolescent self-reports, which describe ordinary daily hassles as health complaints, which cannot be interpreted as signs of mental disorders. In addition, today there is a more open climate for talking about mental issues, which can lead to an overestimation of the prevalence of mental disorders. Statistics on mental health services statistics report increased psychopharmaceutic prescriptions as well as consumption of professional care. Such data argues for increased governmental investment in adolescent mental health services. Is this pattern due to increased availability of mental health services and/or increased prevalence of mental health problems in the adolescent population? A concern is that data availability influences policymaking and allocation of resources. If there is an emphasis on self-reported data from adolescents that may an increased risk of medicalization of young people's dealing with their daily lives. If on the other hand the reported problems among young people is disregarded, this would be against the UN Child Convention. The survey data has important qualities especially if the data is analysed and reported properly. The validation of survey measure has been done both regarding psychometric quality and content validity. Advanced analysis of the data can draw a more nuanced picture. Moreover, some screening instruments have been developed as a first step towards making diagnosis. Instead the HBSC surveys ask boys and girls about their health and well-being, social environment and health behaviours. HBSC uses findings at national and international levels to gain new insights into young people's health and wellbeing, understand the social determinants of health, and inform policy and practice to improve young people's lives.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation and Predictors of Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eswatini: A Population-Based Household Telephone Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6700
Author(s):  
Mduduzi Colani Shongwe ◽  
Song-Lih Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distress Scale

The unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic can induce psychological distress in individuals. We investigated perceived stressors, prevalence of psychological distress and suicidal ideation, and predictors of psychological distress among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini. This study was a cross-sectional, population-based household telephone survey of 993 conveniently sampled adults (18+ years) from all the four administrative regions of Eswatini. Data were collected between 9 June and 18 July 2020 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the country was under a partial lockdown. COVID-19-related psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We performed weighted modified Poisson regression analyses to identify significant predictors of moderate/severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥5). The weighted prevalences of moderate (K6 scores: 5–12) and severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥13) were 41.7% and 5.4%, respectively. Participants reported several perceived COVID-19-related stressors, including worries and fears of the contagion-specific death, serious need for food and money, and concerns about loss of income or business. The weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation was 1.5%. Statistically significant predictors of increased risk for moderate/severe psychological distress included living in the Hhohho and Manzini regions; feeling not well informed about COVID-19; feeling lonely; having received COVID-19 food or financial relief from the government; feeling burdened by the lockdown; being married; and being youth (18–24 years). The results call for the government to urgently augment the provision of mental health services during the pandemic. Mental health practitioners and programs may use several stressors and risk factors identified in this study to inform interventions and government policies aimed at reducing psychological distress induced by the pandemic.

scholarly journals Psychotic experiences and general medical conditions: a cross-national analysis based on 28 002 respondents from 16 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 2730-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Scott ◽  
Sukanta Saha ◽  
Carmen C.W. Lim ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders ◽  
Subsequent Onset

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work has identified associations between psychotic experiences (PEs) and general medical conditions (GMCs), but their temporal direction remains unclear as does the extent to which they are independent of comorbid mental disorders.MethodsIn total, 28 002 adults in 16 countries from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys were assessed for PEs, GMCs and 21 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders. Discrete-time survival analyses were used to estimate the associations between PEs and GMCs with various adjustments.ResultsAfter adjustment for comorbid mental disorders, temporally prior PEs were significantly associated with subsequent onset of 8/12 GMCs (arthritis, back or neck pain, frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and peptic ulcer) with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.5] to 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.4). In contrast, only three GMCs (frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain and asthma) were significantly associated with subsequent onset of PEs after adjustment for comorbid GMCs and mental disorders, with ORs ranging from 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.9) to 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4).ConclusionsPEs were associated with the subsequent onset of a wide range of GMCs, independent of comorbid mental disorders. There were also associations between some medical conditions (particularly those involving chronic pain) and subsequent PEs. Although these findings will need to be confirmed in prospective studies, clinicians should be aware that psychotic symptoms may be risk markers for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Whether PEs are causal risk factors will require further research.

Asthma and Suicidal Ideation Among Youth in the Community

Crisis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee D. Goodwin ◽  
Andrej Marušič
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders

Summary: Objective: To determine the association between asthma and suicidal ideation among youth in the community. Method: Data were drawn from the MECA (n = 1285), a community-based study of youth aged 9-17 in the United States. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between asthma and suicidal ideation, adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics and mental disorders. Results: Asthma was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of suicidal ideation (OR = 3.25 ‘1.04, 10.1’), compared to youth without asthma. Conclusions: These data suggest that youth who are hospitalized for asthma may have higher than expected levels of suicidal ideation, compared with youth without asthma in the community. This association appears to persist after controlling for the effects of comorbid mental disorders. These findings are consistent with previous clinical reports of an association between physical illness and suicidal ideation, as well as with links between asthma and suicidal ideation among adults. More in-depth evaluation of the mental health of youth hospitalized for asthma may be indicated if these results are replicated.

scholarly journals Acute mental health service use is increased in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: a population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2092171
Author(s):  
Bindee Kuriya ◽  
Vivian Tia ◽  
Jin Luo ◽  
Jessica Widdifield ◽  
Simone Vigod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
System Level ◽  
Health Service Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ed Visits

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are associated with mental illness. Whether acute mental health (MH) service utilization (i.e. emergency visits or hospitalizations) is increased in RA or AS is not known. Methods: Two population-based cohorts were created where individuals with RA ( n = 53,240) or AS ( n = 13,964) were each matched by age, sex, and year to unaffected comparators (2002–2016). Incidence rates per 1000 person-years (PY) were calculated for a first MH emergency department (ED) presentation or MH hospitalization. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and health service use variables. Results: Individuals with RA had higher rates of ED visits [6.59/1000 person-years (PY) versus 4.39/1000 PY in comparators] and hospitalizations for MH (3.11/1000 PY versus 1.80/1000 PY in comparators). Higher rates of ED visits (7.92/1000 PY versus 5.62/1000 PY in comparators) and hospitalizations (3.03/1000 PY versus 1.94/1000 PY in comparators) were also observed in AS. Overall, RA was associated with a 34% increased risk for MH hospitalization (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.22–1.47) and AS was associated with a 36% increased risk of hospitalization (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12–1.63). The risk of ED presentation was attenuated, but remained significant, after adjustment in both RA (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15) and AS (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28). Conclusions: RA and AS are both independently associated with a higher rate and risk of acute ED presentations and hospitalizations for mental health conditions. These findings underscore the need for routine evaluation of MH as part of the management of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Additional research is needed to identify the underlying individual characteristics, as well as system-level variation, which may explain these differences, and to help plan interventions to make MH service use more responsive to the needs of individuals living with RA and AS.

scholarly journals Mental health consequences of urban air pollution: prospective population-based longitudinal survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Bakolis ◽  
Ryan Hammoud ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Sean Beevers ◽  
David Dajnak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Purpose The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently ranked air pollution as the major environmental cause of premature death. However, the significant potential health and societal costs of poor mental health in relation to air quality are not represented in the WHO report due to limited evidence. We aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with poor mental health. Methods A prospective longitudinal population-based mental health survey was conducted of 1698 adults living in 1075 households in South East London, from 2008 to 2013. High-resolution quarterly average air pollution concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were linked to the home addresses of the study participants. Associations with mental health were analysed with the use of multilevel generalised linear models, after adjusting for large number of confounders, including the individuals’ socioeconomic position and exposure to road-traffic noise. Results We found robust evidence for interquartile range increases in PM2.5, NOx and NO2 to be associated with 18–39% increased odds of common mental disorders, 19–30% increased odds of poor physical symptoms and 33% of psychotic experiences only for PM10. These longitudinal associations were more pronounced in the subset of non-movers for NO2 and NOx. Conclusions The findings suggest that traffic-related air pollution is adversely affecting mental health. Whilst causation cannot be proved, this work suggests substantial morbidity from mental disorders could be avoided with improved air quality.

Mental health disorders and alcohol misuse among UK military veterans and the general population: a comparison study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rhead ◽  
Deirdre MacManus ◽  
Margaret Jones ◽  
Neil Greenberg ◽  
Nicola T Fear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background For a small minority of personnel, military service can have a negative impact on their mental health. Yet no studies have assessed how the mental health of UK veterans (who served during the recent operations in Afghanistan or Iraq) compares to non-veterans, to determine if they are at a disadvantage. We examine the prevalence of mental disorders and alcohol misuse in UK veterans compared to non-veterans. Methods Veteran data were taken from the third phase of the King's Centre for Military Health Research cohort study (n = 2917). These data were compared with data on non-veterans taken from two large general population surveys: 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 5871) and wave 6 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS, n = 22 760). Results We found that, overall, UK veterans who served at the time of recent military operations were more likely to report a significantly higher prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) (23% v. 16%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (8% v. 5%) and alcohol misuse (11% v. 6%) than non-veterans. Stratifying by gender showed that the negative impact of being a veteran on mental health and alcohol misuse was restricted to male veterans. Being ill or disabled was associated with a higher prevalence of CMD and PTSD for both veterans and non-veterans. Conclusion Whilst the same sociodemographic groups within the veteran and non-veteran populations seemed to have an increased risk of mental health problems (e.g. those who were unemployed), male veterans, in particular, appear to be at a distinct disadvantage compared to those who have never served.

Mental healthcare use and severe psychiatric diagnoses in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A population-based study using health services data.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10565-10565
Author(s):  
Sumit Gupta ◽  
Alex Nachman ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Jason D Pole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Event ◽  
Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

10565 Background: Though physical late effects in childhood cancer survivors are well documented, their risk for adverse mental health outcomes is less clear; existing evidence is contradictory. Health services data offer an objective method for measuring population-based mental health outcomes. Methods: Using a provincial registry with detailed patient, disease, treatment, and outcome data, we assembled a cohort of all five-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed before age 18 years and treated in an Ontario pediatric cancer centre between 1987-2008. Patients were linked to population-based healthcare data capturing inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department (ED) visits. The primary outcome was the rate of mental healthcare visits (primary care, psychiatrist, ED or hospital). Secondary outcomes included the time to a severe mental health event (ED visit, hospitalization, or suicide) both overall and by psychiatric diagnostic categories. Outcomes were compared between survivors and matched controls using recurrent event and survival analyses, and predictors of adverse outcomes modeled. Results: When compared to 20,269 controls, 4,117 survivors had a significantly higher rate of mental health visits [47.1 vs. 36.1 visits/100 person years; adjusted relative rate (RR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-1.5]. Higher rates of visits were associated with female gender (RR 1.4, CI 1.1-1.7; p = 0.008) and adolescent age at diagnosis (RR 2.0, CI 1.3-3.0; p = 0.004). Cancer type, treatment intensity or treatments targeting the central nervous system were not significant predictors. The hazard of a severe mental health event did not differ between survivors and controls. Though rare in both groups, survivors were at increased risk of a severe event due to a psychotic disorder (HR 1.8, CI 1.1-2.8; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Childhood cancer survivors experience higher rates of mental health visits than the general population, but are no more likely to experience a severe mental health event. Their risk is not attributable to a specific diagnosis or aspect of treatment. An increased risk of severe psychotic disorders requires confirmation in other cohorts.

scholarly journals Partner alcohol use, violence and women's mental health: population-based survey in India

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhabika B. Nayak ◽  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Jason C. Bond ◽  
Thomas K. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between partner alcohol use and violence as risk factors for poor mental health in women is unclear.AimsTo describe partner-related and other psychosocial risk factors for common mental disorders in women and examine interrelationships between these factors.MethodData are reported on 821 women aged 18–49 years from a larger population study in north Goa, India. Logistic regression models evaluated the risks for women's common mental disorders and tested for mediation effects in the relationship between partner alcohol use and these disorders.ResultsExcessive partner alcohol use increased the risk for common mental disorders two- to threefold. Partner violence and alcohol-related problems each partially mediated the association between partner excessive alcohol use and these mental disorders. Women's own violence-related attitudes were also independently associated with them.ConclusionsPartner alcohol use, partner violence and women's violence-related attitudes must be addressed to prevent and treat common mental disorders in women.

scholarly journals Management of mental health disorders and central nervous system sequelae in HIV-positive children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Nassen ◽  
K Donald ◽  
K Walker ◽  
S Paruk ◽  
M Vujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Impact

HIV-positive children and adolescents are at increased risk of both central nervous system (CNS) sequelae and mental disorders owing to a number of factors, including the impact of HIV infection on the brain, social determinants of health (e.g. poverty and orphanhood) and psychosocial stressors related to living with HIV. Every effort should be made to identify perinatally HIV-infected children and initiate them on antiretroviral therapy early in life. HIV clinicians should ideally screen for mental health and neurocognitive problems, as part of the routine monitoring of children attending antiretroviral clinics. This guideline is intended as a reference tool for HIV clinicians to support the early identification, screening and management of mental health disorders and/or CNS impairment in children and adolescents. This guideline covers mental disorders (section 1) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (section 2) among children and adolescents.  

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