scholarly journals Cardiovascular fitness and risk of migraine: a large, prospective population-based study of Swedish young adult men

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029147
Author(s):  
Jenny Nyberg ◽  
Sara Gustavsson ◽  
Mattias Linde ◽  
N David Åberg ◽  
Jessica L Rohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Medication

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal relationship between cardiovascular fitness in young adult men and future risk of migraine and to estimate eventual differential effects among categories of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure.DesignNational, prospective, population-based cohort study.SettingSweden 1968–2014.Participants18-year-old Swedish men (n=1 819 828) who underwent mandatory military conscription examinations during the years 1968–2005.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was the first dispensation of prescribed migraine-specific medication, identified using the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The secondary outcome was documented migraine diagnosis from the Swedish National Hospital Register.ResultsDuring follow-up, 22 533 men filled a prescription for migraine-specific medication. After confounding adjustment, compared with high cardiovascular fitness, low and medium fitness increased the risk of migraine-specific medication (risk ratio (RR)low: 1.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.35; population attributable fraction: 3.6%, 95% CI 1.7% to 5.3% and RRmedium: 1.15, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.19; population attributable fraction: 8.0%, 95% CI 4.0% to 11.7%). To assess potential effect measure modification, stratified analyses of these association by levels of BMI and blood pressure showed that lower fitness levels increased risk of migraine across all groups except among underweight men or men with high diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionsYoung men with a lower cardiovascular fitness had a higher long-term risk of developing pharmacological prescription-requiring migraine. This study contributes with information regarding risk factors for migraine in men, an understudied population in migraine research.

scholarly journals The Population-Attributable Fraction for Premature Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease Associated With Stage 1 and 2 Hypertension Among Japanese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hatano ◽  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
Shouichi Fujimoto ◽  
Yuji Sato ◽  
Kunitoshi Iseki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract BACKGROUND Our aim was to assess how the population-attributable fraction (PAF) for premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with hypertension changes if blood pressure (BP) thresholds for hypertension were lowered from systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg to ≥130/80 mm Hg, as defined using the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure guideline. METHODS Analyses were conducted using a database of participants who underwent a national health checkup examination started in 2008 in Japan (n = 510,238; mean age, 59.6 ± 8.1 years; 42% men). Each participant was categorized as having normal or elevated BP, or stage 1 or 2 hypertension according to the guideline. Data on premature mortality due to CVD occurring before age 70 years were available through March 2015. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 3.4 years, 739 deaths from CVD occurred. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios for premature CVD mortality for elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension vs. normal BP were 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.72, 1.44), 1.33 (1.02, 1.75), and 2.41 (1.90, 3.05), respectively. The PAF associated with stage 1 and 2 hypertension was 4.4% and 39.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the current nationwide study of Japanese adults, stage 1 and 2 hypertension were associated with an increased risk for premature CVD mortality. The PAF for premature CVD mortality associated with hypertension increased by 4.4% if BP thresholds for hypertension were lowered from systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 to ≥130/80 mm Hg.

Elevation of pulse pressure in middle age is associated with the risk of dementia: data from a population-based cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kim ◽  
H Jung ◽  
P.S Yang ◽  
H.T Yu ◽  
T.H Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aims Pulse pressure (PP) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between the PP and dementia is not well identified. This study aimed to determine the effect of PP on the risk of dementia development in different age subgroups using a longitudinal, population-based, and stroke-free cohort from the general population. Methods The association of PP with the development of incident dementia was assessed from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2013, in 433,154 participants without a history of dementia or stroke from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort. The diagnosis of dementia was defined using the 10th revision of the International Classification of Disease codes. Results The mean age of the cohort was 55.7±9.2 years, 45.7% were women. Hypertension was 23.6%. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the entire cohort were 125.9±16.6 and 78.4±10.7 mmHg, respectively. Mean PP was 47.5±10.9 mmHg. In the middle-age group (40 to 50 year-old), increasing of 10 mmHg of PP was associated with incident dementia after adjusting mean blood pressure and clinical variables with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.23, p<0.001). The association was still significant even after censoring for stroke (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22, p<0.001). In the older population, elevation of PP was not associated with dementia development (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95–1.01, p=0.247) Conclusion PP was associated with increased risk of dementia only in middle-aged population beyond that of mean arterial pressure. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Rates of Chronic Medical Conditions in 1991 Gulf War Veterans Compared to the General Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Zundel ◽  
Maxine Krengel ◽  
Timothy Heeren ◽  
Megan Yee ◽  
Claudia Grasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Population ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Gulf War Veterans ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The Difference

Prevalence of nine chronic medical conditions in the population-based Ft. Devens Cohort (FDC) of GW veterans were compared with the population-based 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort. Excess prevalence was calculated as the difference in prevalence estimates from the Ft. Devens and NHANES cohorts; and confidence intervals and p-values are based on the standard errors for the two prevalence estimates. FDC males were at increased risk for reporting seven chronic medical conditions compared with NHANES males. FDC females were at decreased risk for high blood pressure and increased risk for diabetes when compared with NHANES females. FDC veterans reporting war-related chemical weapons exposure showed higher risk of high blood pressure; diabetes; arthritis and chronic bronchitis while those reporting taking anti-nerve gas pills had increased risk of heart attack and diabetes. GW veterans are at higher risk of chronic conditions than the general population and these risks are associated with self-reported toxicant exposures.

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and submaximal systolic blood pressure among young adult men

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2239-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Prasad ◽  
Clemens Drenowatz ◽  
Gregory A. Hand ◽  
Carl J. Lavie ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Adult Men

Risk of Stillbirth in Women with Gestational Diabetes and High Blood Pressure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza TABATABAEE ◽  
Atefeh ZAHEDI ◽  
Koorosh ETEMAD ◽  
Tannaz VALADBEIG ◽  
Sepideh MAHDAVI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Both Gestational diabetes and hypertension almost affect 10.5% of the pregnancies. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes or high blood pressure with outcomes belonging to healthy mothers. Methods: This population-based case-control study was conducted in 8 provinces and two cities of Iran on women referred to the public health centers during 2015 to 2018. Descriptive statistics for variables presented by percentages and frequencies and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze data at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Some variables such as ethnicity, maternal education and age, gestational diabetes, high blood pressure and previous pregnancy outcome were significantly associated with stillbirth. Maternal age greater than 35 yr (OR=1.78, CI: 1.29-2.48), maternal illiteracy (OR=3.67, CI: 2.25-5.98), a previous stillbirth (OR=9.92, CI: 4.98-19.78), gestational diabetes among women who had never had a screening test (OR =3.91, CI: 2.96-5.18) and high blood pressure (OR =1.95, CI: 1.38-2.77) were important factors associated with stillbirth. Maternal and paternal occupation, paternal education and age, place of residence, smoking and maternal BMI were significantly associated with stillbirth. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes, hypertension, a previous miscarriage, stillbirth, first pregnancy, low education level, advanced maternal age and ethnicity were associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. It is necessary to provide high-quality healthcare services before and during pregnancy particularly for those at heightened risk and improve knowledge of mothers on the side effects of each of the mentioned risk factors in order to control these factors more effectively and thus reducing the risk of stillbirth.

scholarly journals Developmental outcomes in children exposed to Zika virus in utero from a Brazilian urban slum cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009162
Author(s):  
Juan P. Aguilar Ticona ◽  
Nivison Nery ◽  
Joseph B. Ladines-Lim ◽  
Claudia Gambrah ◽  
Gielson Sacramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
Increased Risk

Background The prevalence of developmental alterations associated with in-utero Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure in children is not well understood. Furthermore, estimation of the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of developmental alterations attributed to ZIKV has not been performed due to lack of population-based cohorts with data on symptomatic and asymptomatic ZIKV exposures and an appropriate control group. The aim of this study was to characterize neurodevelopmental outcomes of children at 11 to 32 months of age with intrauterine ZIKV exposure and estimate the PAF of alterations secondary to ZIKV exposure. Methodology/Principal findings We performed a cohort of biannual community-based prospective serosurveys in a slum community in Salvador, Brazil. We recruited women participating in our cohort, with a documented pregnancy from January 2015 to December 2016 and children born to those mothers. Children were classified as ZIKV exposed in utero (born from women with ZIKV seroconversion during pregnancy) or unexposed (born from women without ZIKV seroconversion or that seroconverted before/after pregnancy) by using an IgG monoclonal antibody blockade-of-binding (BoB). We interviewed mothers and performed anthropometric, audiometric, ophthalmological, neurologic, and neurodevelopmental evaluations of their children at 11 to 32 months of age. Among the 655 women participating in the cohort, 66 (10%) were pregnant during the study period. 46 (70%) of them completed follow-up, of whom ZIKV seroconversion occurred before, during, and after pregnancy in 25 (54%), 13 (28%), and 1 (2%), respectively. The rest of women, 7 (21.2%), did not present ZIKV seroconversion. At 11 to 32 months of life, the 13 ZIKV-exposed children had increased risk of mild cognitive delay (RR 5.1; 95%CI 1.1–24.4) compared with the 33 children unexposed, with a PAF of 53.5%. Exposed children also had increased risk of altered auditory behavior (RR 6.0; 95%CI 1.3–26.9), with a PAF of 59.5%. Conclusions A significant proportion of children exposed in utero to ZIKV developed mild cognitive delay and auditory behavioral abnormalities even in the absence of gross birth defects such as microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental domains. Furthermore, our findings suggest that over half of these abnormalities could be attributed to intrauterine ZIKV exposure.

scholarly journals Risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among sepsis survivors in Taiwan: analysis of a nationwide population-based cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051502
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Hsu ◽  
Charles Fox Sherrod ◽  
Babak Tehrani ◽  
Alexa Papaila ◽  
Lorenzo Porta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Database ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Matching Techniques ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

ObjectivesThere is minimal literature examining the association of sepsis with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Using a large national database, we aimed to quantify the risk of OHCA among sepsis patients after hospital discharge.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingNationwide sepsis cohort retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 2000 and 2013.ParticipantsWe included 17 304 patients with sepsis. After hospital discharge, 144 patients developed OHCA within 30 days and 640 between days 31 and 365.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcomes were OHCA events following hospital discharge for sepsis. To evaluate the independent association between sepsis and OHCA after a sepsis hospitalisation, we constructed two non-sepsis comparison cohorts using risk set sampling and propensity score matching techniques (non-infection cohort, non-sepsis infection cohort). We plotted the daily number and daily risk of OHCA within 1 year of hospital discharge between sepsis and matched non-sepsis cohorts. We used Cox regression to evaluate the risk of early and late OHCA, comparing sepsis to non-sepsis patients.ResultsCompared with non-infected patients, sepsis patients had a higher rate of early (HR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.16) and late (HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.33) OHCA events. This association was independent of age, sex or cardiovascular history. Compared with non-sepsis patients with infections, sepsis patients had a higher rate of both early (HR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.63) and late (HR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.27) OHCA events, especially among patients with cardiovascular disease (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.81).ConclusionsSepsis patients had increased risk of OHCA compared with matched non-sepsis controls, which lasted up to 1 year after hospital discharge.

scholarly journals Hypertension burden and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Lee ◽  
CS Park ◽  
EK Choi ◽  
HJ Ahn ◽  
KD Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Burden Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background The association between the cumulative hypertension burden and the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. Purpose We aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension burden and the development of incident AF. Methods and Results: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we identified 3,726,172 subjects who underwent four consecutive annual health checkups between 2009 and 2013, with no history of AF. During the median follow-up of 5.2 years, AF was newly diagnosed in 22,012 patients (0.59% of the total study population, 1.168 per 1,000 person-years). Using the BP values at each health checkup, we determined the burden of hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥80 mmHg), stratified as 0 to 4 per the hypertension criteria. The subjects were grouped according to hypertension burden scale 1 to 4: 20% (n = 742,806), 19% (n = 704,623), 19% (n = 713,258), 21% (n = 766,204), and 21% (n = 799,281). Compared to normal people, subjects with hypertension burdens of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were associated with an 8%, 18%, 26%, and 27% increased risk of incident AF, respectively. On semi-quantitative analyses with further stratification of stage 1 (SBP 130-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89 mmHg) and stage 2 (SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg) hypertension, the risk of AF increased with the hypertension burden by up to 71%. Conclusions Both a sustained exposure and the degree of increased blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of incident AF. Tailored blood pressure management should be emphasized to reduce the risk of AF. Abstract Figure.

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